兰州—天水地区三维重力反演及其地质解释          下载免费PDF全文

李渭娟  梁桂培  姚政生 《地震工程学报》1993,(4)

本文利用重力资料对兰州—天水地区的深部构造进行了研究。在计算中,采用Parker-Oldenbarg三维位场反演方法,反演前对重力资料进行了地形改正和中新生代沉积层校正。根据反演结果,综合分析了有关资料,认为该区为青藏块体过渡带,并且提出了陇中盆地为断块型构造盆地的新认识。  相似文献   

Meso-scale testing and development of test procedures to maintain mass balance     

Bonner J  Page C  Fuller C 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,47(9-12):406-414

The Conrad Blucher Institute for Surveying and Science (Texas A&M University––Corpus Christi) has conducted numerous petroleum experiments at the Shoreline Environmental Research Facility (Corpus Christi, Texas, USA). The meso-scale facility has multiple wave tanks, permitting some control in experimental design of the investigations, but allowing for real-world conditions. This paper outlines the evolution of a materials balance approach in conducting petroleum experiments at the facility. The first attempt at a materials balance was during a 1998 study on the fate/effects of dispersant use on crude oil. Both water column and beach sediment samples were collected. For the materials balance, the defined environmental compartments for oil accumulation were sediments, water column, and the water surface, while the discharge from the tanks was presumed to be the primary sink. The “lessons learned” included a need to quantify oil adhesion to the tank surfaces. This was resolved by adhering strips of the polymer tank lining to the tank sides that could be later removed and extracted for oil. Also, a protocol was needed to quantify any floating oil on the water surface. A water surface (oil slick) quantification protocol was developed, involving the use of solid-phase extraction disks. This protocol was first tested during a shoreline cleaner experiment, and later refined in subsequent dispersant effectiveness studies. The effectiveness tests were designed to simulate shallow embayments which created the need for additional adjustments in the tanks. Since dispersant efficacy is largely affected by hydrodynamics, it was necessary to scale the hydrodynamic conditions of the tanks to those expected in our prototype system (Corpus Christi Bay, Texas). The use of a scaled model permits the experiment to be reproduced and/or evaluated under different conditions. To minimize wave reflection in the tank, a parabolic wave dissipater was built. In terms of materials balance, this design reduced available surface area as a sink for oil adsorption.  相似文献   

Development of airborne oil thickness measurements     

Brown CE  Fingas MF 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,47(9-12):485-492

A laboratory sensor has now been developed to measure the absolute thickness of oil on water slicks. This prototype oil slick thickness measurement system is known as the laser-ultrasonic remote sensing of oil thickness (LURSOT) sensor. This laser opto-acoustic sensor is the initial step in the ultimate goal of providing an airborne sensor with the ability to remotely measure oil-on-water slick thickness. The LURSOT sensor employs three lasers to produce and measure the time-of-flight of ultrasonic waves in oil and hence provide a direct measurement of oil slick thickness. The successful application of this technology to the measurement of oil slick thickness will benefit the scientific community as a whole by providing information about the dynamics of oil slick spreading and the spill responder by providing a measurement of the effectiveness of spill countermeasures such as dispersant application and in situ burning.

This paper will provide a review of early developments and discuss the current state-of-the-art in the field of oil slick thickness measurement.  相似文献   

Evaluation of pre-CHAMP gravity models `GRIM5-S1' and `GRIM5-C1' with satellite crossover altimetry     

J. Klokočník  Ch. Reigber  P. Schwintzer  C. A. Wagner  J. Kostelecký 《Journal of Geodesy》2002,76(4):189-198

 The new GFZ/GRGS gravity field models GRIM5-S1 and GRIM5-C1, currently used as initial models for the CHAMP mission, have been compared with other recent models (JGM 3, EGM 96) for radial orbit accuracy (by means of latitude lumped coefficients) in computations on altimetry satellite orbits. The bases for accuracy judgements are multi-year averages of crossover sea height differences from Geosat and ERS 1/2 missions. This radially sensitive data is fully independent of the data used to develop these gravity models. There is good agreement between the observed differences in all of the world's oceans and projections of the same errors from the scaled covariance matrix of their harmonic geopotential coefficients. It was found that the tentative scale factor of five for the formal standard deviations of the harmonic coefficients of the new GRIM fields is justified, i.e. the accuracy estimates, provided together with the GRIM geopotential coefficients, are realistic. Received: 20 February 2001 / Accepted: 24 October 2001  相似文献   

The dose-response relationship between No. 2 fuel oil and the growth of the salt marsh grass,Spartina alterniflora   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lin Q  Mendelssohn IA  Suidan MT  Lee K  Venosa AD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(9):897-902

The effect of No. 2 fuel oil on the biomass production of the salt marsh plant, Spartina alterniflora, was studied in a greenhouse dose-response experiment. S. alterniflora were transplanted into soil with 10 dosage levels of No. 2 fuel oil ranging from 0 to 456 mg g(-1) dry soil. Three months after transplantation, values for plant biomass, stem density, and shoot height decreased significantly with increasing fuel oil level in a dose-response fashion. Evapo-transpiration rates were correlated with the total biomass response. Relative to the control, a significant decrease in total (above- plus below-ground) plant biomass was observed at concentrations above 57 mg g(-1) dry soil. Within the 3-month experimental period, detrimental effects on below-ground biomass accumulation and bioluminescence of the marine bacterium Viberio fisheri in the Microtox Solid Phase Test were observed at oil concentrations >29 mg g(-1) dry soil, suggesting that biological effects of oil within the sediment matrix may be more pronounced than on above-ground biomass, requiring a dosage 228 mg g(-1) dry soil to elicit a significant detrimental effect. Hence, measurements of oil effects with biological end-points based solely on above-ground responses may underestimate the potential impacts of petroleum hydrocarbon spills, especially when the oil has penetrated the soil. While S. alterniflora was proved to be relatively tolerant to the No. 2 fuel oil spills, its effectiveness in phytoremediation operations may be limited at fuel oil levels 228 mg g(-1) dry soil, as both plant growth and microbial activity may be constrained.  相似文献   

Application of the luciferase cell culture bioassay for the detection of refined petroleum products   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ziccardi MH  Gardner IA  Mazet JA  Denison MS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(10):983-991

A luciferase cell culture-based bioassay, developed to detect 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-like activity of halo-genated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, was optimized to detect refined petroleum products and to determine their relative inducing potency. Quality control standards from 32 refined products (gasolines and diesels, jet fuels, lubricating oils, fuel oils and weathered products) and three commercial products were evaluated. Induction equivalents (I-EQs) were determined by direct comparison of the EC50 and EC20 values (based on the median and 20% TCDD maximal response, respectively) from dose-response curves for each product to those obtained with TCDD. Most petroleum products were active in the luciferase bioassay, with those products composed of fractions produced later in the distillation process (i.e. fuel oils) inducing higher levels. Additionally, weathering of products reduced their induction potency. Based on the high I-EQ estimates of many products, biological effects associated with exposure may have been previously underestimated using other diagnostic methods.  相似文献   

Tar ball frequency data and analytical results from a long-term beach monitoring program     

Owens EH  Mauseth GS  Martin CA  Lamarche A  Brown J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(8):770-780

Following the spill of fuel oils from the New Carissa in February 1999, approximately 300 km of beaches on the Pacific coast of North America were surveyed. A long-term observation program focused on the documentation of stranded tar balls in the vicinity of the spill site. Systematic beach surveys which were conducted over the period March 1999 to April 2001 and semi-logarithmic scale, time-series plots proved the most useful format for identifying trends. Beach monitoring continued through to August 2001. by which time 212 tar balls had been analyzed by GC/MS for their chemical characteristics. The samples of tar balls collected between February 1999 and August 2001 were qualitatively compared with New Carissa source oils (NCSO) and 101 (48%) were not consistent with NSCO. The presence of tar balls that are not related to an incident can confound attempts to define cleanup or endpoint criteria and to assess possible injury to natural resources.  相似文献   

坪北油田延长组长6油组储层层内非均质性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

李少华  陈新民  姚凤英  张尚峰 《沉积与特提斯地质》2006,26(2):55-58

在坪北油田应用岩心观察、岩心分析化验资料、测井解释成果、测试及开发动态等方面的资料分析长6储层的非均质性,重点解剖层内非均质性特点,总结了正韵律,反韵律,复合韵律和交互韵律4种类型的层内非均质性。夹层分布较广泛,加剧了层间非均质性。  相似文献   

华池油田长3₃低渗油藏流动单元研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘延莉  柳益群  邱春光  樊太亮  阎林 《沉积与特提斯地质》2006,26(3):51-55

流动单元的研究,其目的在于对油藏的非均质性有进一步的认识,为提高油藏描述的精度提供依据。本文根据流动单元的理论,选取适合该区实际的参数,应用聚类判别分析的方法,对华池油田陇东地区长33低渗储层进行分类研究,并且分析各类流动单元的特征及其控制因素,得出结论:该区储层可分为三类流动单元,各类流动单元的判别公式,不同的类型在动态、静态上有不同的表现;其分布的差异,宏观上受沉积微相的控制,微观上受成岩作用、岩石自身储集空间特征的限制。  相似文献   

大庆油田葡萄花油层组储层非均质性主控因素分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

单敬福  纪友亮 《沉积与特提斯地质》2006,26(4):95-100

本文对萨尔图油田中部葡萄花油层组的非均质性进行定量半定量研究,认为葡萄花油层组PⅠ2小层层内非均质性最严重,与沉积微相密切相关;单砂层垂向上渗透率的变化以正韵律和复合式韵律为主,局部发育反韵律模式;层内非均质性强弱依次为PⅠ2a、PⅠ3、PⅠ2b、PⅠ1、PⅠ4;层间非均质性在PⅠ3和PⅠ4间表现得最强,其它相对要弱;各小层平面非均质性相差无几,整体表现为较强的非均质性。  相似文献