城市空间的生产——以近代上海江湾五角场地区的城市化为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张晓虹  孙涛 《地理科学》2011,31(10):1181-1188

城市地区景观的演变反映了人类活动对自然生态格局演替的人为干扰过程。由于人类活动的强度、频度及方式的差异,从半自然的农业生态景观演化为以人工建筑为主的城市生态景观的过程,可能呈现多样化的面貌。利用GIS技术将20世纪上半叶上海江湾五角场地区的土地利用状况逐年复原,发现其景观演变过程表现为由以农业生态景观为主转变为城乡景观杂错分布,并且这一进程因为各种政治事件的影响而呈现出明显的阶段性及空间差异性。揆诸史实,可知上海江湾五角场地区的城市化与城市空间的生产不仅是上海都市政治的产物,更是近代中国城市化的典型。  相似文献   

基于GIS和空间句法的历史街区保护更新规划方法研究—以江门市历史街区为例     

王成芳  孙一民 《热带地理》2012,32(2):154-159

基于GIS和空间句法集成的思路,以江门市历史街区保护更新规划为例,结合实地调研从空间实体的“点、线、面”3个层面分别建立建筑、街巷和地块GIS数据库,利用GIS多因子评价对建筑保护价值进行综合评价,运用空间句法定性定量的分析手段剖析历史街区的街巷路网结构及用地布局,尝试探索建立在量化、实证分析基础上的历史街区保护更新规划的技术方法和流程.研究结果表明:通过量算空间句法参数可以直观解析历史街区空间形态结构和智能性水平,对研究区的规划定位能提供较好的参考;通过空间句法与GIS集成分析对街巷和用地布局的合理性进  相似文献   

广西扶绥—崇左地区铝土矿矿产远景调查主要进展及成果          下载免费PDF全文

邓军  陈粤  黄宏伟  梁裕平  何海洲  陈胜  吴天生  杨志强  韦访  罗立营 《中国地质调查》2015,2(4):8-12

在龙州地区首次发现早石炭世的堆积型铝土矿矿源层,提出广西堆积型铝土矿至少存在早石炭世和晚二叠世两个时代的矿源层。探索运用高密度电阻率法寻找古风化壳沉积型铝土矿的有效性试验工作。提交新发现矿产地4处,探获新增铝土矿(334₁)资源量5 289.15万吨。重新厘定区域地层岩性及岩相特征,系统总结区内铝土矿矿床(点)的时空分布特征、控矿地质条件、成矿规律及找矿标志,建立了区域成矿模式和预测找矿模型,圈定成矿远景区5处,找矿靶区6处,开展区域矿产预测,初步评价了本区铝土矿资源潜力。为该地区下一步地质调查、矿产勘查规划和开发提供了丰硕的基础资料和有益参考。  相似文献   

Optimizing layout of pumping well in irrigation district for groundwater sustainable use in northwest China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Xin Liu  Sufen Wang  Zailin Huo  Fusheng Li  Xinmei Hao 《水文研究》2015,29(19):4188-4198

Optimizing layout of pumping well plays a vital role in curbing the groundwater level decline. A novel optimization model is presented in this study. First, the optimal well number is obtained by taking into account factors of local economy and environment based on nonlinear programming model. Then, the well spatial layout assessment model is attained based on information entropy weight and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). After that, the relative closeness to positive ideal solution of alternative (c_i) on the rationality of well spatial layout in cultivated land is calculated, and a set of alternatives are ranked according to the descending order of c_i. Finally, the well optimization layout is obtained by combining the optimal well number with well spatial layout assessment result based on the GIS data of pumping wells. As a case study, this method was applied in Yongchang Irrigation District of Shiyang River Basin, the arid region of northwest China. Results show that under the conditions of sustainable use of water resources, the irrigation district needed 724 wells for irrigation, with a decrease of 31.0% when compared with the existing number of wells. The wells with low flow rate and operating efficiency distributed in high density where groundwater is over‐exploitation were recommended to be closed. This well optimization layout method is expected to play a significant role in helping make plans for exploiting groundwater at more sustainable level, curbing the groundwater level decline trend, and improving the local ecological environment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Combined zircon and cassiterite U–Pb dating of the Piaotang granite-related tungsten–tin deposit,southern Jiangxi tungsten district,China     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

The large low-grade Piaotang W–Sn deposit in the southern Jiangxi tungsten district of the eastern Nanling Range, South China, is related to a hidden granite pluton of Jurassic age. The magmatic-hydrothermal system displays a zonation from an inner greisen zone to quartz veins and to peripheral veinlets/stringers (Five-floor zonation model). Most mineralization is in quartz veins with wolframite > cassiterite. The hidden granite pluton in underground exposures comprises three intrusive units, i.e. biotite granite, two-mica granite and muscovite granite. The latter unit is spatially associated with the W–Sn deposit.Combined LA-MC-ICP-MS U–Pb dating of igneous zircon and LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating of hydrothermal cassiterite are used to constrain the timing of granitic magmatism and hydrothermal mineralization. Zircon from the three granite units has a weighted average ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 159.8 ± 0.3 Ma (2 σ, MSWD = 0.3). The cathodoluminescence (CL) textures indicate that some of the cassiterite crystals from the wolframite-cassiterite quartz vein system have growth zonations, i.e. zone I in the core and zone II in the rim. Dating on cassiterite (zone II) yields a weighted average ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 159.5 ± 1.5 Ma (2 σ, MSWD = 0.4), i.e. the magmatic and hydrothermal systems are synchronous. This confirms the classical model of granite-related tin–tungsten mineralization, and is against the view of a broader time gap of >6 Myr between granite magmatism and W–Sn mineralization which has been previously proposed for the southern Jiangxi tungsten district. The elevated trace element concentrations of Zr, U, Nb, Ta, W and Ti suggest that cassiterite (zone II) formed in a high-temperature quartz vein system related to the Piaotang granite pluton.  相似文献   

Magmatic–hydrothermal processes in Sangdong W–Mo deposit,Korea: Study of fluid inclusions and 39Ar–40Ar geochronology     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

The Sangdong scheelite–molybdenite deposit in northeast South Korea consists of strata-bound orebodies in intercalated carbonate-rich layers in the Cambrian Myobong slate formation. Among them, the M1 layer hosts the main orebody below which lie layers of F1–F4 host footwall orebodies. Each layer was first skarnized with the formation of a wollastonite + garnet + pyroxene assemblage hosting minor disseminated scheelite. The central parts of the layers were subsequently crosscut by two series of quartz veining events hosting minor scheelite and major scheelite–molybdenite ores, respectively. The former veins associate amphibole–magnetite (amphibole) alteration, whereas the latter veins host quartz–biotite–muscovite (mica) alteration. Deep quartz veins with molybdenite mineralization are hosted in the Cambrian Jangsan quartzite formation beneath the Myobong formation. In the Sunbawi area, which is in close proximity to the Sangdong deposit, quartz veins with scheelite mineralization are hosted in Precambrian metamorphic basement. Three muscovite ³⁹Ar–⁴⁰Ar ages between 86.6 ± 0.2 and 87.2 ± 0.3 Ma were obtained from M1 and F2 orebodies from the Sangdong deposit and Sunbawi quartz veins. The Upper Cretaceous age of the orebodies is concordant with the published ages of the hidden Sangdong granite, 87.5 ± 4.5 Ma. This strongly suggests that the intrusion is causative for the Sangdong W–Mo ores and Sunbawi veins.Fluid inclusions in the quartz veins from the M1 and F2 orebodies, the deep quartz-molybdenite veins, and the Sunbawi veins are commonly liquid-rich aqueous inclusions having bubble sizes of 10–30 vol%, apparent salinities of 2–8 wt% NaCl eqv., and homogenization temperatures of 180–350 °C. The densities of the aqueous inclusions are 0.70–0.94 g/cm³. No indication of fluid phase separation was observed in the vein. To constrain the formation depth in the Sangdong deposit, fluid isochores are combined with Ti–in–quartz geothermometry, which suggests that the M1 and F2 orebodies were formed at depths of 1–3 km and 5–6 km below the paleosurface, respectively. The similarity of the Cs (cesium) concentrations and Rb/Sr ratios in the fluid inclusions of the respective orebodies indicate an origin from source magmas having similar degrees of fractionation and enrichment of incompatible elements such as W and Mo. High S concentrations in the fluids and possibly organic C in the sedimentary source likely promoted molybdenite precipitation in the Sangdong orebodies, whereas the scheelite deposition in the deep quartz–molybdenite veins hosted in the quartzite is limited by a lack of Ca and Fe in the hydrothermal fluids. The molybdenite deposition in the Sunbawi quartz–molybdenite veins hosted in the Precambrian metamorphic basement rocks was possibly limited by a lack of reducing agents such as organic C.  相似文献   

蓄能式绳索取心液动潜孔锤的应用研究     

张飞 《地质与勘探》2017,53(6):1188-1196

蓄能式绳索取心液动潜孔锤钻具是在普通绳索取心钻具总成上端增加了发生和传递冲击载荷的结构,将冲击载荷通过绳索取心钻具外管传递至钻头。新疆达坂城黑沟-达拉地布拉克铀矿工区裂隙、构造蚀变带和构造破碎带发育,地层破碎,使用普通绳索取心钻具钻进,岩心极易堵塞、回次进尺短、频繁打捞内管、钻进效率极低。使用蓄能式绳索取心液动潜孔锤钻具钻进,增加了回次进尺,提高了钻进效率。论文依据施工现场使用情况,介绍了蓄能式绳索取心液动潜孔锤的结构和工作原理,统计、总结了应用情况,论述了绳索取心液动潜孔锤得出的应用结论。  相似文献   

湖北狮子立山锶(铅锌)矿区石英闪长玢岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其意义   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

朱乔乔  谢桂青  韩颖霄 《岩石学报》2017,33(11):3484-3494

湖北狮子立山锶(铅锌)矿床是我国重要的超大型锶矿床之一,产出于鄂东矿集区北部铁山岩体东缘的狮子立山岩体(主要为石英闪长玢岩)与三叠纪蒸发岩地层(嘉陵江组)的接触带或附近。本文对矿区内的石英闪长玢岩与成矿作用之间的关系和该岩体的年代学开展了详细的研究工作。结果表明,狮子立山岩体与锶矿成矿作用可能存在密切的联系,矿床中的部分Sr可能来自于石英闪长玢岩的强烈蚀变。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb的定年工作得到2个石英闪长玢岩样品的形成时代分别为138.6±0.8Ma和138.9±1.2Ma,二者在误差范围内基本一致,这些数据与前人获得的铁山岩体的成岩时代基本一致,暗示本次测得的石英闪长玢岩的样品年龄可靠性较高,且很可能与铁山岩体是同一地质背景下的产物,即形成于区域晚侏罗-早白垩世岩石圈由挤压到伸展的转换环境。狮子立山岩体的侵位地层及矿床中硫同位素组成的特征与程潮和金山店矽卡岩型铁矿具有明显的相似性,暗示在狮子立山矿床附近具有寻找矽卡岩型铁矿床的潜力。  相似文献   

云南因民铁铜矿区辉长岩类中黑云母-金红石化特征及其指示意义     

孙紫坚  方维萱  鲁佳  王同荣  郭玉乾  宋丽红 《现代地质》2017,31(2):267

对云南因民铁铜矿区深部辉长岩类中金红石、黑云母、碳酸盐和绿泥石的矿物地球化学特征进行研究,以探讨赋存于辉长岩类中的铁氧化物铜金型矿(化)体的成岩成矿环境。金红石由岩浆结晶和多期蚀变作用形成,其结晶温度为820~1 082 ℃,多期蚀变温度为444~730 ℃,金红石与黑云母密切共生;黑云母可划分为原生高钛镁质黑云母、热液蚀变镁质黑云母和铁质黑云母,形成温度分别为653~750 ℃、525~619 ℃和551~577 ℃,氧逸度均位于Ni NiO缓冲剂附近,表明黑云母形成于高温强氧化环境,有利于金红石化;铁白云石-菱铁矿化揭示了强还原环境,交代蚀变金红石;绿泥石多由铁镁矿物蚀变形成,形成于中低温(174~243 ℃)、低氧逸度(-4468~-5142)和高硫逸度(-1442~-1976)的强还原环境,有利于金属硫化物形成。本区岩浆结晶演化和黑云母-金红石化蚀变具有高温强氧化地球化学岩相学特征,有利于钛、铁矿化,后期叠加中低温强还原地球化学岩相,为IOCG矿床成矿的有利地球化学岩相学类型。  相似文献   

青海都兰县阿斯哈金矿区花岗斑岩岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学与Hf同位素研究     

岳维好  周家喜  高建国  黄艳华  贾福聚 《大地构造与成矿学》2017,41(4):776-789

阿斯哈金矿区钻孔中新发现的花岗斑岩,呈岩脉、岩株或舌状分布。岩石呈灰-灰白色,细-中粒斑状结构,块状构造。主要矿物为石英、斜长石、钾长石、黑云母及少量角闪石,副矿物有磁铁矿、钛铁矿、锆石、磷灰石和榍石等。全岩高硅(SiO_2=70.03%~72.83%),高钾(K_2O=3.96%~5.21%),低P_2O_5(0.09%~0.10%),低FeO~T/MgO(1.76~3.91),A/CNK值(1.04~1.29)多数小于1.1,为高钾钙碱性系列弱过铝质-过铝质花岗岩类岩石,具有I型花岗岩特征。样品具有轻稀土富集和中等负Eu异常(δEu=0.71~0.78)特征,且富集大离子亲石元素(LILE:K、Rb、Th、U等)、亏损高场强元素(HFSE:Nb、Ta、Ti等)。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,其结晶年龄为222.1±3.9 Ma(MSWD=5.4,n=15),形成于晚三叠世。锆石Hf同位素组成(ε_(Hf)(t)=-4.3~-1.4)和二阶段Hf模式年龄(t_(DM2)=1.34~1.53 Ga),表明新发现的花岗斑岩源于古老地壳物质的深熔或重熔,并可能有幔源物质的加入。上述特征表明,阿斯哈金矿区花岗斑岩形成于东昆仑晚古生代-早中生代构造-岩浆旋回的碰撞晚期-后碰撞阶段,可能是晚三叠世幔源岩浆底侵下地壳岩石部分熔融的产物,并在形成过程中有幔源物质的加入。此外,研究区花岗斑岩的侵位与沟里地区(包括阿斯哈)金多金属矿床的形成具有内在的联系。  相似文献