低频泥石流特征及其预测初步探讨   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

倪化勇  吕学军  刘宇杰  唐业旗 《工程地质学报》2007,15(5):612-620

同高频泥石流相比,低频泥石流更具有潜在危害性。近年来,低频泥石流的暴发给我国山区人们的生命财产安全、经济发展和社会进步以及山区生态环境带来了极大的影响。本文通过对低频泥石流沟实地考察以及对近年来我国暴发的约30例典型低频泥石流资料进行搜集整理,从其隐蔽性、活动性、规模和破坏性以及灾情等方面探讨了低频泥石流的特征;以茶园沟为例,采用灰色灾变预测方法,建立灰色灾变预测模型对其进行预测,经检验预测结果与实际发生年份一致,并且预测出2042年或2043年前后以及2095年或2096年前后茶园沟发生大规模泥石流的可能性较大;最后,针对低频泥石流的特征,提出了相应的防治建议。  相似文献   

黄土丘陵区廊道研究初探     

王峰  石辉 《云南地理环境研究》2005,17(5):10-14,72

以景观生态系统理论为指导,对黄土丘陵区进行了地貌景观结构分析,确定了其“廊道、斑块、基质”的景观模式,认为黄土堆积物可被看作为黄土丘陵区的基质;墚、塬、峁、台地和残塬等为被侵蚀的一种残存斑块;沟谷、河谷和道路是主要的廊道。提出了沟谷廊道的概念,初步分析了沟谷廊道在黄土丘陵区的特点:三道合一、分布自相似性、延伸速度快、水土流失的通道以及道路廊道狭窄。从景观生态理论与沟谷廊道治理目标相结合的观点出发,提出了优化整治的原则与治理措施,认为黄土丘陵区沟谷廊道的研究在生态环境治理和社会经济发展方面具有重要的研究价值。  相似文献   

ROCESSES OF EPHEMERAL GULLY EROSION   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Javier Casali 《国际泥沙研究》2000,(1)

IINTRoDUCTIONEphemeralgulliesaresmallerosionalchannelsonagriculturalIandscapescausedbytheconcentrationofoverlandflowtypicallybetweentwoopposingslopes(ahollow),oftenformedduringasingIerainfaIlevent.Sincethescouredsoilvolumeisnotverylargewithinthesegullies,farmerscaneasilyrefillthem.Ingeneral,ephemeralgulliescanreappearatornearthesamelocationonayearlybasisbecausethesurfacetopograPhyofthefielddoesnotchangeappreciably.Mostephemeralgulliesoccuroncultivatedfieldswithhighlyerodiblesoils,withlit…  相似文献   

泥石流沟活跃程度的评价方法   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

祁龙 《山地学报》2000,18(4):365-368

根据甘肃陇南等地５０条泥石流沟资料,建立了判别泥石流沟活跃程度的表达式Ｎ＝（Ａ／１００）（Ｊ／０．０６）＾０．３７５．Ｆ＾０．４,以及泥石流侵蚀模数式Ｅ＝Ｂ＋０．３３（Ａ／１００）（Ｊ／０．０６）＾０．３７５。  相似文献   

坡面土壤侵蚀过程研究进展   总被引：42，自引：9，他引：33  

郑粉莉  高学田 《地理科学》2003,23(2):230-235

基于土壤侵蚀发生方式,重点评述了坡面雨滴溅蚀、薄层水流侵蚀、细沟侵蚀和浅沟侵蚀的研究进展,指出了各自研究中存在的问题,并提出坡面侵蚀过程中亟待加强的研究领域。  相似文献   

Testing the use of an image‐based technique to measure gully erosion at Sparacia experimental area          下载免费PDF全文

Costanza Di Stefano  Vito Ferro  Vincenzo Palmeri  Vincenzo Pampalone  Fabrizio Agnello 《水文研究》2017,31(3):573-585

The first part of this investigation was aimed at testing the use of a three‐dimensional (3D) digital terrain model and a quasi‐tridimensional (2.5D) digital elevation model obtained by a large series of oblique images of eroded channels taken from consumer un‐calibrated and non‐metric cameras. For two closed earth channels having a different sinuosity, the ground measurement of some cross sections by a profilometer (P) was carried out and their real volume was also measured. The comparison among the three methods (3D, 2.5D, and P) pointed out that a limited underestimation of the total volume always occurs and that the 3D method is characterized by the minimum difference between measured and real volume. For this reason, 3D model can be used as benchmark. In the subsequent part of the investigation, the three ground measurement methods were applied for surveying of an ephemeral gully (EG) channel at the Sparacia area. The morphological and hydraulic variable values of the 24 surveyed cross sections determined by both 2.5D model and profilometer were compared. This comparison showed that the estimate error is generally less than ±10%. The EG measurements carried out by the three methods supported the applicability both of the empirical relationship between EG length and its eroded volume and the theoretical dimensionless relationship among the morphological variables describing the channelized erosion process. Finally, it was demonstrated that the effect of the distance interval on the EG volume measurement by 3D and 2.5D models is negligible for the investigated EG.  相似文献   

人工降雨条件下冲沟型泥石流起动试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

倪化勇 《工程地质学报》2015,23(1):111-118

下垫面以位于贡嘎山东坡的熊家沟为模型,开展了不同降雨强度条件下冲沟型泥石流起动的模拟试验,初步研究了冲沟型泥石流的形成机理和演化特征.试验研究表明:(1)在强降雨条件下,水体入渗速度、不同深度土体含水量变化与降雨强度呈反比例关系,降雨强度越大,越不利于水体入渗,而有利于坡面汇流、冲沟径流和下切侵蚀; (2)在强降雨和径流条件下,土体破坏方式、破坏程度以及泥石流形成机理表现出差异性.相对较小雨强降雨条件下,土体破坏方式以滑坡为主,泥石流形成模式表现为滑坡液化与转化起动,雨强较大降雨条件下,土体破坏方式以侵蚀垮塌为主,泥石流形成模式为洪流席卷垮塌体和沟床揭底; (3)起动试验中泥石流阵性特征明显.在强降雨条件下,雨强与泥石流的规模、黏度之间没有正相关性,雨强越大,泥石流黏度越小,试验中多出现的是高含砂洪流,而相对较小雨强作用下由土体液化转化形成的泥石流黏度较大.试验现象和结果与熊家沟泥石流起动、发生过程具有较高的一致性.  相似文献   

Short‐term versus medium‐term monitoring for detecting gully‐erosion variability in a Mediterranean environment     

Irene Marzolff  Johannes B. Ries  Jean Poesen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(12):1604-1623

This study investigates how medium‐term gully‐development data differ from short‐term data, and which factors influence their spatial and temporal variability at nine selected actively retreating bank gullies situated in four Spanish basin landscapes. Small‐format aerial photographs using unmanned, remote‐controlled platforms were taken at the gully sites in short‐term intervals of one to two years over medium‐term periods of seven to 13 years and gully change during each period was determined using stereophotogrammetry and a geographic information system. Results show a high variability of annual gully retreat rates both between gullies and between observation periods. The mean linear headcut retreat rates range between 0·02 and 0·26 m a^–1. Gully area loss was between 0·8 and 22 m² a^–1 and gully volume loss between 0·5 to 100 m³ a^–1, of which sidewall erosion may play a considerable part. A non‐linear relationship between catchment area and medium‐term gully headcut volume change was found for these gullies. The short‐term changes observed at the individual gullies show very high variability: on average, the maximum headcut volume change observed in 7–13 years was 14·3 times larger than the minimum change. Dependency on precipitation varies but is clearly higher for headcuts than sidewalls, especially in smaller and less disturbed catchments. The varying influences of land use and human activities with their positive or negative effects on runoff production and connectivity play a dominant role in these study areas, both for short‐term variability and medium‐term difference in gully development. The study proves the value of capturing spatially continuous, high‐resolution three‐dimensional data using small‐format aerial photography for detailed gully monitoring. Results confirm that short‐term data are not representative of longer‐term gully development and demonstrate the necessity for medium‐ to long‐term monitoring. However, short‐term data are still required to understand the processes – particularly human activity at varying time scales – causing fluctuations in gully erosion rates. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

四川省都江堰龙池8·13麻柳沟泥石流灾害特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

亓星  余斌  马煜  吴雨夫  张健楠 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2011,22(1):17-21

麻柳沟位于都江堰市龙池镇龙溪河右岸,＂5.12＂地震后麻柳沟流域内产生了大量的崩滑体,物源丰富。2010年8月13日,在强降雨作用下该沟暴发中等规模的泥石流,沟口堆积体积达8×104 m3,损毁了沟口处3户居民的房屋,并於埋了龙池景区公路。本文通过麻柳沟的实地调查取样和洪痕断面测定,分析了麻柳沟泥石流的形成条件和基本特点,并通过计算泥石流的容重、流速、流量等静动力学特征参数,对该泥石流沟的发展趋势进行预测。  相似文献   

崩岗侵蚀地貌的演变过程及阶段划分   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张大林  刘希林 《福建地理》2011,(2):23-28

崩岗是中国南方一种常见的土壤侵蚀类型,也是一种严重的水土流失方式,多分布于低山丘陵区的花岗岩风化壳之上.崩岗的形成和发展是2个不同的阶段,并始终受到水力和重力的作用.2种外力对比关系的不同使崩岗的演变过程具有明显的阶段性.通过选取适当的指标体现这种规律性,可以对崩岗的发展阶段进一步划分,对崩岗的治理控制具有重要的意义.  相似文献