地震震源与灾害评估分析:中国四川2008年5月12日Ms 8.0汶川地震     

陈胜早 《高校地质学报》2008,14(3)

汶川5月12日8.0级地震在构造上起因于印度板块与欧亚板块以每年约5 cm的速度聚敛,并因此而引起青藏高原的地壳物质向四川盆地及中国东南大陆运移.主震震源及余震活动集中于以龙门山为中轴的一条长约350 km、宽约100 km的地震活动带.震源深度一般分布丁地壳脆性-韧性转换边界以上约10～20 km区间的地壳震源层之中,属浅源构造地震.主要震源机制与龙门山构造运动方式密切相关,以其地壳厚度向西急剧加厚、重力梯度带、高波速比(Vp/Vs～2.2)等深部异常及逆冲断层兼具走滑性质的地质构造为特征.在震源辐射、路径传播和场地效应研究的基础上,分别计算并比较了岩石和土壤条件下的地震响应谱,特别强调了土壤条件下的场地放大效应;同时对与地震安全性有关的一些问题如地质灾害、地震频谱设计、地震早期预警系统及中、长期至短期地震预报等进行了探讨;特别提供了一个由加权平均计算、以岩石条件下震波衰减模式为基础的地震频谱设计参考实例.地震构造与动力学研究可融人工程地质与环境工程等学科发展.经历汶川地震考验的一些新近设计和建设的工程项目可为今后改进工程建筑规范与标准提供重要而有益的参考.地震预报是当今一大难题,但需探索研究,不可懈怠.地震减灾与预防足目前比较切合实际的安全举措.  相似文献   

浅谈西部测图工程野外测绘工作如何进行有效管理   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

付洪波  李伟  于喜旺 《测绘与空间地理信息》2008,31(4)

阐述了在西部测图工程中,结合两年的野外测绘生产实践,总结出一套完整的西部测图工程野外测绘工作的有效管理模式,为西部测图的顺利实施提供可靠保障,使西部测图工程野外测绘工作的管理更加科学和高效.  相似文献   

开发利用好水利信息资源为水利信息化打下坚实基础   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张李荪  徐俊  孙文萍 《中国勘察设计》2008,(1):53-56

信息资源是行业最重要的资源之一。开发利用信息资源既是行业信息化的出发点,又是行业信息化的归宿。对于水利这一个信息密集型行业,需要逐步实现水利信息化,充分利用现代信息技术,深入开发和广泛利用水利信息资源,利用水利信息化推动水利现代化。  相似文献   

矿区控制网布网方案的选择     

解海宁 《测绘与空间地理信息》2008,31(6)

用计算机模拟法,讨论了控制网不同观测量的平差结果,提出了选择矿区控制网方案的原则.  相似文献   

印度洋岸边某电站工程的岩土工程问题初探     

李忠明  李朝阳  刘红卫 《岩土工程技术》2008,22(6):320-323

从海岸地带的地理地质环境入手,针对燃煤电站工程的特点,就工程建设中的几个主要岩土工程问题,分析探讨了其成因、特点和对工程建设的制约与影响程度．提出了解决这些问题的对策和建议。  相似文献   

高地震区公路隧道地震动力响应分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱长安  高波  索然绪 《岩土工程技术》2008,22(5):232-235

基于土一结构相互作用理论,对高地震区一实际重大工程的公路隧道洞口段结构进行了抗震计算,得到了衬砌结构各控制点的位移、加速度及内力响应规律。结果表明：在人工合成地震波条件下,衬砌墙脚、拱腰为抗震薄弱位置;结构的加速度波形与输入波形相似;这些结果为抗震设计提供了一些依据。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地西南部砂6井第三系沉积相研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

胡望水  周萍  肖传桃  赵国柱 《四川地质学报》2008,28(3):169-173

结合前人的研究成果,运用野外地质剖面、测井相标志的研究方法,对柴达木盆地西南第三系沉积相进行了较全面、系统的研究,描述了柴达木盆地砂6井第三系主要发育的三种沉积相及发育的主要类型,指出了研究区内有利于油气生成和储集的沉积相类型。  相似文献   

追忆李四光对防震减灾的贡献,以系统整体观指导防震应急   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高庆华  杜建军  周显强 《地球学报》2008,29(3):385-391

笔者在追忆李四光地震科学和防震减灾指导思想的基础上,提出了以系统整体观指导防震应急的新论点,包括:运用地壳运动整体观研究地震规律;应用地震预测整体观进行地震预测;划分活动性构造体系,研究构造活动性;加强综合监测,研究各种地震前兆和相关的自然变异的发展趋势;圈定地震风险区,制定防震应急预案等.并结合中国的实际情况进行了论述.  相似文献   

Cambrian explosion: Birth of tree of animals   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0  

D. Shu   《Gondwana Research》2008,14(1-2):219

Excluding the sponges the Kingdom Animalia is usually divided into three subkingdoms: Diploblasta, Protostomia and Deuterostomia. The Cambrian Explosion consists of three major episodes, two of which were in the early Early Cambrian (one represented by the small skeletal fossils “SSFs” at the base of the Cambrian and the other represented by the succeeding Chengjiang faunas “CFs”), and the other episode as their prelude took place in the “Eocambrian” (i.e. the latest Precambrian), represented by the Ediacaran faunas. This unique Big Bang of life has been recognized as giving birth to the entire morphological Tree Of Animals (or metazoans), in short the TOA. Its “seed” in the deep Precambrian, represented by some sort of protist from which the complete TOA must have grown, remains unknown paleontologically. However, the fossil evidence suggests that the three major episodes of the Cambrian Explosion are responsible for the earliest radiations of the three subkingdoms of animals respectively. While the observed Ediacaran fauna might constitute only a small part of the whole Ediacaran biota, our evidence supports that it was dominated by diploblasts (the “trunk” of the TOA) with only a few possible stem-group triploblasts. The Early Cambrian in turn in two phases explosively yielded almost all the major triploblastic crown-branches (Bilateria: the huge “crown” of the TOA), which include the other two subkingdoms: first the extremely diverse protostomes in the Meishucunian Age and then followed by a nearly entire lineage of early deuterostomes from the Chengjiang, including even its most derived member – the earliest true vertebrates. Among the four most significant milestones of morphological origins and radiations in animal history, the first one (i.e. appearance of metazoans) took place in the Ediacaran Period or earlier times, and the other three can be seen in the windows available from the Chengjiang and the Meishucunian fossil assemblages. The newly discovered extinct Phylum Vetulicolia, which has primitively segmented body with simple gill slits in its anterior division, most probably represents one of the roots of the deuterostome subkingdom. Showing a mosaic of basic features possessed in both the bilateral vetulicolians and some primitive echinoderms, the soft-bodied vetulocystids are best regarded as one of the roots of the extant pentamerous echinoderms. Standing on the “top” of the deuterostome super-branch in the early Cambrian TOA are the “the first fish” Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys, which bear paired eyes and salient proto-vertebrae. These animals represent the real root of the remainder of the vertebrates or craniates. On the contrary, yunnanozoans, including Yunnanozoon and Haikouella, possess neither eyes nor unequivocal vertebrae, and may have nothing to do with the craniates, let alone the vertebrates. Those enigmatic creatures share a similar body-plan with vetulicolians and should be treated as a side-branch within the lower deuterostomes.  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of migration–accumulation of oil resources     

Yirang Yuan  Yuji Han 《Computational Geosciences》2008,12(2):153-162

Numerical simulation of oil migration and accumulation is to describe the history of oil migration and accumulation in basin evolution. It is of great value to the evaluation of oil resources and to the determination of the location and amount of oil deposits. This thesis discusses the characteristics of petroleum geology and permeation fluid mechanics. For the three-dimensional problems of Dongying hollow of Shengli Petroleum Oil Field, it puts forward a new model and a kind of modified method of upwind finite difference fractional steps implicit interactive scheme. For the famous hydraulic experiment of secondary migration–accumulation, the numerical simulation test has been done, and both the computational and experimental results are basically identical. For the actual problem of Dongying hollow, the numerical simulation test and the actual conditions are basically coincident. Thus, the well-known problem has been solved.  相似文献