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101.
Recent satellite and ground-based observations prove that during the formative period of earthquakes VLF/LF and ULF electromagnetic emissions are observed in seismogenic areas. This work offers an original model of self-generated electromagnetic oscillations of local segments of the lithospheric origins of the emissions. In the paper, the seismogenic area is considered to be an oscillatory-distributed system. This model simplifies physical analyses of the nonlinear effects and qualitatively explains the mechanisms that generate very low frequency electromagnetic waves in the period prior to an earthquake. 相似文献
102.
This article presents a procedure to calculate the bearing capacity of suction anchors subjected to inclined average and cyclic loads at the optimal load attachment point using the undrained cyclic shear strength of soft clays based on the failure model of anchors proposed by Andersen et al. The constant average shear stress of each failure zone around an anchor is assumed and determined based on the static equilibrium condition for the procedure. The cyclic shear strength of each failure zone is determined based on the average shear stress. The cyclic bearing capacity is finally determined by limiting equilibrium analyses. Thirty-six model tests of suction anchors subjected to inclined average and cyclic loads were conducted, which include vertical and lateral failure modes. Model test results were predicted using the procedure to verify its feasibility. The average relative error between predicted and test results is 1.7%, which shows that the procedure can be used to calculate the cyclic bearing capacity of anchors with optimal loading. Test results also showed that the anchor was still in vertical failure mode under combined average and cyclic loads if an anchor was in vertical failure mode under static loads. The anchor failure would depend on the vertical resistance degradation under cyclic loads if an anchor was in lateral failure mode under static loads. Cyclic bearing capacities associated with the number of load cycles to failure of 1000 were about 75% and 80% of the static bearing capacity for vertical failure anchors and lateral failure anchors, respectively. 相似文献
103.
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to develop a method for calculating side friction resistance during the jetting process to improve drilling efficiency. Side friction dynamics in length of time was determined by means of dynamic force analysis of the conductor during the jetting process by experiment, and the real-time calculation model of side friction between the formation and conductor was developed. In particular, 3-1/2″, 5-1/2″, and 9-5/8″ conductors were used to simulate actual field operation. The calculated values match well with the true values. Simulation experiments were performed in the central fishing harbor of Bohai Sea, Tianjin Province, China. 相似文献
104.
Design of shallow foundations relies on bearing capacity values calculated using procedures that are based in part on solutions obtained using the method of characteristics, which assumes a soil following an associated flow rule. In this paper, we use the finite element method to determine the vertical bearing capacity of strip and circular footings resting on a sand layer. Analyses were performed using an elastic–perfectly plastic Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model. To investigate the effect of dilatancy angle on the footing bearing capacity, two series of analyses were performed, one using an associated flow rule and one using a non-associated flow rule. The study focuses on the values of the bearing capacity factors Nq and Nγ and of the shape factors sq and sγ for circular footings. Relationships for these factors that are valid for realistic pairs of friction angle and dilatancy angle values are also proposed. 相似文献
105.
介绍了地基载荷试验的方法及原理,讨论了如何应用该方法来检测地基的承载力及压缩特性,并结合工程实例,对存在不同程度缺陷的地基试验曲线进行了分析。 相似文献
106.
107.
M.Monirul Qader Mirza 《Climate Policy》2003,3(3):233-248
Developing countries are vulnerable to extremes of normal climatic variability, and climate change is likely to increase the frequency and magnitude of some extreme weather events and disasters. Adaptation to climate change is dependent on current adaptive capacity and the development models that are being pursued by developing countries. Various frameworks are available for vulnerability and adaptation (V&A) assessments, and they have both advantages and limitations. Investments in developing countries are more focused on recovery from a disaster than on the creation of adaptive capacity. Extreme climatic events create a spiral of debt burden on developing countries. Increased capacity to manage extreme weather events can reduce the magnitude of economic, social and human damage and eventually, investments, in terms of borrowing money from the lending agencies. Vulnerability to extreme weather events, disaster management and adaptation must be part of long-term sustainable development planning in developing countries. Lending agencies and donors need to reform their investment policies in developing countries to focus more on capacity building instead of just investing in recovery operations and infrastructure development. 相似文献
108.
109.
地基承载力动测的附加质量法 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
本文介绍的方法是将地基的振动问题等效为质量弹簧体系,并在该体系上附加一级或多级质量块,测出该体系的动刚度及地基土的参振质量;再通过动静关系求得地基承载力。从理论及方法上摆脱了土动力学中求地基土动刚度及参振质量的困扰。 相似文献
110.
The ultimate bearing capacity of two closely spaced strip footings, placed on a cohesionless medium and loaded simultaneously
to failure at the same magnitude of failure load, was determined by using an upper bound limit analysis. A logarithmic spiral
radial shear zone, comprising of a number of triangular rigid blocks, was assumed to exist around each footing edge. The equations
of the logarithmic spiral arcs were based on angles φL and φR rather than soil friction angle φ; the values of φL and φR were gradually varied in between 0 and φ. The ultimate bearing capacity was found to become maximum corresponding to a certain
critical spacing between the footings. For spacing greater than the critical, the bearing capacity was found to decrease continuously
with increase in the spacing. The extent of the spacing corresponding to which the ultimate bearing capacity becomes either
maximum or equal to that of a single isolated footing increases with increase in φ. The results compare reasonably well with
the available theoretical and experimental data. 相似文献