AN ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR CALCULATING THE INITIATION OF SEDIMENT MOTION     

Thomas LUCKNER Ulrich ZANKE 《国际泥沙研究》2007,22(2):87-102

This paper presents an analytical solution for calculating the initiation of sediment motion and the risk of river bed movement. It thus deals with a fundamental problem in sediment transport, for which no complete analytical solution has yet been found. The analytical solution presented here is based on forces acting on a single grain in state of initiation of sediment motion. The previous procedures for calculating the initiation of sediment motion are complemented by an innovative combination of optical surface measurement technology for determining geometrical parameters and their statistical derivation as well as a novel approach for determining the turbulence effects of velocity fluctuations. This two aspects and the comparison of the solution functions presented here with the well known data and functions of different authors mainly differ the presented solution model for calculating the initiation of sediment motion from previous approaches. The defined values of required geometrical parameters are based on hydraulically laboratory tests with spheres. With this limitations the derivated solution functions permit the calculation of the effective critical transport parameters of a single grain, the calculation of averaged critical parameters for describing the state of initiation of sediment motion on the river bed, the calculation of the probability density of the effective critical velocity as well as the calculation of the risk of river bed movement. The main advantage of the presented model is the closed analytical solution from the equilibrium of forces on a single grain to the solution functions describing the initiation of sediment motion.  相似文献   

The effect of wave-induced turbulence on intertidal mudflats: Impact of boat traffic and wind     

R. Verney  J. Deloffre  J.-C. Brun-Cottan  R. Lafite 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

Semi-diurnal and fortnightly surveys were carried out to quantify the effects of wind- and navigation-induced high-energy events on bed sediments above intertidal mudflats. The mudflats are located in the upper fluvial part (Oissel mudflat) and at the mouth (Vasière Nord mudflat) of the macrotidal Seine estuary. Instantaneous flow velocities and mudflat bed elevation were measured at a high frequency and high resolution with an acoustic doppler velocimeter (ADV) and an ALTUS altimeter, respectively. Suspended particulate matter concentrations were estimated by calibrating the ADV acoustic backscattered intensity with bed sediments collected at the study sites. Turbulent bed shear stress values were estimated by the turbulent kinetic energy method, using velocity variances filtered from the wave contribution. Wave shear stress and maximum wave–current shear stress values were calculated with the wave–current interaction (WCI) model, which is based on the bed roughness length, wave orbital velocities and the wave period (T_S). In the fluvial part of the estuary, boat passages occurred unevenly during the surveys and were characterized by long waves (T_S>50 s) induced by the drawdown effect and by short boat-waves (T_S<10 s). Boat waves generated large bottom shear stress values of 0.5 N m⁻² for 2–5 min periods and, in burst of several seconds, larger bottom shear stress values up to 1 N m⁻². At the mouth of the estuary, west south-west wind events generated short waves (T_S<10 s) of H_S values ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 m. In shallow-water environment (water depth <1.5 m), these waves produced bottom shear stress values between 1 and 2 N m⁻². Wave–current shear stress values are one order of magnitude larger than the current-induced shear stress and indicate that navigation and wind are the dominant hydrodynamic forcing parameters above the two mudflats. Bed elevation and SPM concentration time series showed that these high energy events induced erosion processes of up to several centimetres. Critical erosion shear stress (τ_ce) values were determined from the SPM concentration and bed elevation measurements. Rough τ_ce values were found above 0.2 N m⁻² for the Oissel mudflat and about 1 N m⁻² for the Vasière Nord mudflat.  相似文献   

TIME EVOLUTION OF LOCAL SCOUR AT OBSTACLES PROTRUDING FROM CHANNEL SIDE WALLS     

J. S. dos SANTOS  A. H. CARDOSO Civil Engineer  M. Sc. in Hydraulics  Water Resources  Project Engineer  ExxonMobil Production Company  U.S. East  P.O. Box  New Orleans  Louisiana -  U.S.A. E-mail: ahc@civil.ist.utl.pt Associate 《国际泥沙研究》2001,16(4)

1 mnCnONLocal scour close to bridge piers and abUtInnts has long been a subect of concem for engineers, sinceit can We total or partial collapse of bridges. Until to the Present, local scour has been assessed, moshy,on the basis of resultS of labOratOry stodis. These sthes were cwhed out for steady flows lashng longenough as to gUarantee the develoPment of equlllbrium scour i.e., the develoPmen of scour holes whosedePth and 8haPe no lOnger significanti evolve with hme.In nta, such long l…  相似文献   

Logging the Lambeth Group Upper Shelly Beds for the Thames Tideway Tunnel in London,UK: More than just “dark grey clay with shells”     

Tim Newman 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2021,132(2):227-239

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Numerical Analysis of Adaptation-to-capacity Length for Fluvial Sediment Transport     

LI Zhi-jing  CAO Zhi-xian  Gareth PENDER  HU Peng 《山地科学学报》2014,(6):1491-1498

Over the last several decades,various sediment transport capacity formulations have been used by geomorphologists and engineers to calculate fluvial morphological changes.However,it remains poorly understood if the adaptation to capacity could be fulfilled instantly in response to differing inflow discharges and sediment supplies,and thus if the calculation of morphological changes in rivers based on the assumed capacity status is fully justified.Here we present a numerical investigation on this issue.The distance required for sediment transport to adapt to capacity（i.e.,adaptation-to-capacity length） of both bed load and suspended sediment transport is computationally studied using a coupled shallow water hydrodynamic model,in line with varied inlet sediment concentrations.It is found that the adaptation-to-capacity length generally decreases as the Rouse number increases,irrespective of whether the inlet sediment concentration increases or reduces.For cases with vanishing inlet sediment concentration a unified relationship is found between the adaptation-to-capacity length and the Rouse number.Quantitatively,the adaptation-to-capacity length of bed load sediment is limited to tens of times of the flow depth,whilst that of suspended sediment increases substantially with decreasing Rouse number and can be up to hundreds of times of the flow depth.The present finding concurs that bed load sediment transport can adapt to capacity much more rapidly than suspended sediment transport,and it facilitates a quantitative criterion on which the applicability of bed load or suspended sediment transport capacity for natural rivers can be readily assessed.  相似文献   

卫星油田PI层组基于砂体发育的地震反射模式     

张美玲  李钰  张士奇  曾科 《物探与化探》2012,(5):728-731

卫星油田PI层组为该油田的主力油层组,层组内单砂层厚度较薄、空间连续性差。将PI层组纵向上划分为上、中、下3个组合单元,利用地震波形能够给以较好的反映。测井曲线具备好的沉积微相识别能力,将每个单元里存在河道或河坝砂体定义为砂体发育,不存在的定义为互层发育,考察卫星油田三维地震工区近100口井资料识别的沉积微相与地震波形的对应关系,建立8种地震波砂体反射模式,依据模式可有效推测出卫星油田PI层组勘探空白区的砂体发育状况,为该油田部署有利井位提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

个旧大马芦锡矿层间氧化矿矿床特征及成矿模式     

朱启金 《云南地质》2012,(1):26-31

大马芦锡矿层间氧化矿床规模大、品位高、工业利用价值大。按"向、断、凹式"、"断裂加互层式"及"断裂式"成矿模式,结合实际指出具体找矿方向及找矿区域,对增加矿山资源储量、延长矿山服务年限、促进矿山经济发展起积极作用。  相似文献   

Quantifying clinothem geometry in a forced‐regressive river‐dominated delta,Panther Tongue Member,Utah, USA     

HÅVARD D. ENGE  JOHN A. HOWELL  SIMON J. BUCKLEY 《Sedimentology》2010,57(7):1750-1770

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察尔汗盐湖S3盐层晶间卤水分异特征及成因的统计研究          下载免费PDF全文

徐少康 《盐湖研究》1993,1(4):9-20

1962年,苏联学者М.Г.Баляшко提出了干盐湖晶间卤水分异的成因理论一“重力垂直分异”说,后来,此理论被我国盐矿地质学家引用到察尔汗盐湖。本文首次在“系统论”思想指导下,及数理统计方法深入细致地研究了该湖S_3盐层晶间卤水分异特征,提出了新的晶间卤水分异成因理论—“阶段性淡化”说,具有重要的经济和理论意义。  相似文献