Experimental study on lag time for a small watershed     

Shifeng Zhang  Changming Liu  Zhijun Yao  Lei Guo 《水文研究》2007,21(8):1045-1054

This paper is focused on the lag time of flow confluence. Lag is described empirically by the precipitation factor in hydrological modelling, but the traditional way to establish the relationship between lag and intensity is not very satisfactory in arid and semi‐arid regions. A total 215 rainfall–runoff experiments were conducted to reveal the effects of net rain duration on lag and intensity. The results show that a correlation between lag and rain intensity exists under certain conditions. There is a critical value in net rain intensity (0·8–1 mm min^?1) in the correlation curve of lag and net rain intensity in the given experimental watershed in the laboratory. Similarly, a critical value of net rain duration also exists. This value is the total confluence time. The features of lag time change significantly if intensity or duration is less or greater than the critical value. The study also explores the joint effects of net rain intensity and duration on lag. The formula established among lag, intensity and duration resulted in a better fit. Therefore, the two‐parameter (intensity and duration) empirical formula for lag is better than the traditional single‐parameter (intensity) method. This two‐parameter correlation formula can also be applied to a temporally and spatially uneven runoff processes. A typical field watershed is selected to test the results of the experiments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Water and carbon fluxes of European ecosystems: an evaluation of the ecohydrological model RHESSys     

Bärbel Zierl  Harald Bugmann  Christina L. Tague 《水文研究》2007,21(24):3328-3339

This study investigated whether the regional hydro-ecological simulation system RHESSys is a suitable tool for long-term global change impact studies under selected climatic conditions of Europe, taking advantage of the strongly varying climate along elevational gradients in mountain regions. We performed a validation of RHESSys using daily, monthly and yearly data on (1) streamflow and snow cover in five Alpine catchments and (2) water and carbon fluxes at 15 EUROFLUX sites. The simulation results generally agreed well with observations. RHESSys reasonably reproduced daily and monthly streamflow, as well as the seasonal cycle and amplitude of typical Alpine discharge regimes. Furthermore, RHESSys was capable of capturing the key features of the carbon cycle of various forested ecosystems, including significant differences between managed and close-to-natural forests, and more subtle distinctions between coniferous and deciduous systems. Our analyses confirmed that RHESSys is a suitable tool for studying global change impacts on mountain hydrology. Regarding the simulation of the carbon cycle, this investigation detected some data and model limitations that are discussed in detail. Finally, suggestions for model improvements are made, mainly concerning the formulations of decomposition and respiration rates in biogeochemical models. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Comment on Cao W,Bowden BW,Davie T,Fenemor A. 2006. ‘Multi‐variable and multi‐site calibration and validation of SWAT in a large mountainous catchment with high spatial variability’. Hydrological Processes 20(5): 1057‐1073     

Kati White Migliaccio  Indrajeet Chaubey 《水文研究》2007,21(23):3226-3228

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Daily streamflow modelling and assessment based on the curve‐number technique     

Jin‐Yong Choi  Bernard A. Engel  Ha Woo Chung 《水文研究》2002,16(16):3131-3150

A cell‐based long‐term hydrological model (CELTHYM) that can be integrated with a geographical information system (GIS) was developed to predict continuous stream flow from small agricultural watersheds. The CELTHYM uses a cell‐by‐cell soil moisture balance approach. For surface runoff estimation, the curve number technique considering soil moisture on a daily basis was used, and release rate was used to estimate baseflow. Evapotranspiration was computed using the FAO modified Penman equation that considered land‐use‐based crop coefficients, soil moisture and the influence of topography on radiation. A rice paddy field water budget model was also adapted for the specific application of the model to East Asia. Model sensitivity analysis was conducted to obtain operational information about the model calibration parameters. The CELTHYM was calibrated and verified with measured runoff data from the WS#1 and WS#3 watersheds of the Seoul National University, Department of Agricultural Engineering, in Hwaseong County, Kyounggi Province, South Korea. The WS#1 watershed is comprised of about 35·4% rice paddy fields and 42·3% forest, whereas the WS#3 watershed is about 85·0% forest and 11·5% rice paddy fields. The CELTHYM was calibrated for the parameter release rate, K, and soil moisture storage coefficient, STC, and results were compared with the measured runoff data for 1986. The validation results for WS#1 considering all daily stream flow were poor with R², E² and RMSE having values of 0·40, ?6·63 and 9·69 (mm), respectively, but validation results for days without rainfall were statistically significant (R² = 0·66). Results for WS#3 showed good agreement with observed data for all days, and R², E² and RMSE were 0·92, 0·91 and 2·23 (mm), respectively, suggesting potential for CELTHYM application to other watersheds. The direct runoff and water balance components for watershed WS#1 with significant areas of paddy fields did not perform well, suggesting that additional study of these components is needed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

SEFIDROOD RIVER SUB-WATERSHED-DAM-ESTUARY AND DEGRADATION MODEL： A HOLISTIC APPROACH IN IRAN     

ForoodAZARIDEHKORDI MajidFMAKHDOUM NobukazuNAKAGOSHI 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(4):328-333

The major concern of this article is to address the shortcoming and outgoing effects of the human activities on the landscape patterns and their consequences in the Sefidrood River watershed in Iran. A flow of data includes three inputs; each of them belongs to one part of three zones of a fluvial system. The three parts of the Sefidrood River fluvial system include Zone 1, a sub-watershed as degradation modeling site, Zone 2, Sefidrood Dam asdam site, and Zone 3, 17kin away from the Sefidrood River path to the Caspian Sea as ending point site. The degra-dation model in the Zone 1 provides a suitable mean for decision support system to decrease the human impacts oneach small district. The maximum number for degradation coefficient belongs to the small district with the highest physiographic density, relatively cumulative activities, and a lower figure for the habitat vulnerability. The human degradation impact were not limited to the upstream. The investigation to the Sefidrood Dam and ending point of the Sefidrood River depicts that sedimentation continues as a significant visual impact in the Sefidrood Dam reservoir and the estuary.  相似文献   

Improved method for modelling sediment transport on unpaved roads using KINEROS2 and dynamic erodibility     

Alan D. Ziegler  Thomas W. Giambelluca  Ross A. Sutherland 《水文研究》2002,16(15):3079-3089

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面向流域的定量降水估测产品检验订正     

许凤雯  王志  狄靖月  包红军  赵琳娜 《气象》2016,42(10):1245-1255

伴随着多源降水融合技术的发展,我国卫星、雷达反演、地面雨量观测计定量降水估测(QPE)产品已逐步趋于成熟,有效弥补了仅基于常规雨量站降水数据时空分辨率不足的缺陷,为江河流域面雨量产品开发和应用提供了契机;而对QPE产晶进行适用性检验和汀正是其在面向流域面雨量应用中的前提和基础。本研究利用国家气象中心及国家气象信息中心开发的QPE产品,结合水文站点实测降水数据,分别从产品误差的时空分布、流域的平均误差、不同量级降水的产品质量等角度,综合利用TS评分、命中率、漏估率、空估率以及ROC曲线等多种统计检验方法总体评估降水产品的适用性;采用递减平均法对每日的定量降水估测和实况降水的误差进行相关统计,在此基础上,对初始的QPE产品进行了优化订正,建立了基于QPE的流域面雨量产品;最后以沂河临沂站以上流域的水文要素预报为例,验证了订正产品对水文模式预报改进效果。上述研究表明,基于多源降水融合的QPE面雨量产品开发,在一定程度上可弥补目前国家级流域面雨量业务精细化不足,提升了国家级水文气象业务的技术能力。  相似文献   

Reducing hillslope size in digital elevation models at various scales and the effects on slope gradient estimation     

Chatchai Tantasirin  Masahiko Nagai  Taravudh Tipdecho  Nitin K. Tripathi 《国际地球制图》2016,31(2):140-157

Several models simulate watershed areas by delineating hillslopes. Hillslope size depends on the length of stream tributaries, which are affected by the drainage area threshold (DAT). There is no universal approach to identify the appropriate DAT. Therefore, a method to derive the DAT and a series of steps to delineate a watershed into smaller sizes were proposed in this study, and the impact of hillslope size on slope gradient estimation was investigated. The DAT obtained in this study was smaller than that obtained using other methods, resulting in a shorter length of the tributaries. Dividing these tributaries into equal short segments and using them to delineate the study area reduced the size of the hillslope. The results revealed that the shorter the length of the tributaries, the smaller the hillslope size. The accuracy of gradient estimation increased when the size of the hillslope was reduced.  相似文献   

An improved tree crown delineation method based on live crown ratios from airborne LiDAR data   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Fang Fang  Junghee Lee  Kyoungmin Kim 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2016,53(3):402-419

Individual tree crowns are one of the basic forest inventory data, which can be used in various forest-related studies such as biomass and carbon stock estimation. High-resolution remote-sensing data including airborne LiDAR-derived surfaces have been widely used for delineating tree crowns. This study proposes an improved tree crown delineation algorithm that can be effectively applied to a range of forests with a limited number of parameters considering its operational use with airborne LiDAR data. The proposed algorithm integrates morphological operators, Otsu’s method, marker-controlled watershed segmentation, and the concept of crown ratios. The proposed algorithm was compared with the region growing method, a widely used tree crown delineation algorithm. The two algorithms were evaluated over 10 plots in rugged terrain located in Kangwon Province in South Korea. Results show that the proposed approach produced much better performance (~87% matched on average) for 10 plots with a range of tree densities than the region growing method (~60% matched on average). The proposed algorithm worked better for sparse plots than dense ones. It also worked well for deciduous plots (plots 1 and 4). On the other hand, the region growing method produced relatively low accuracy with many merged crowns, which requires additional postprocessing such as a resplit step.  相似文献   

水文循环模拟中下垫面参数化方法综述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵玲玲  刘昌明  吴潇潇  刘丽红  王中根  苏磊 《地理学报》2016,71(7):1094-1104

针对水文循环模拟中地形、土地利用覆被等流域下垫面参数化方法众多,且模拟效果相差较大的现状。本文首先根据水文循环模拟中产汇流原理,对常用水文循环模拟中产汇流模拟方法进行汇总和分类;在此基础上,对产流模拟中的降水径流相关系数法、蓄满产流和超渗产流等及汇流模拟中的等流时线、单位线、圣维南方程、马斯京根法等主要模拟方法中地形、土地利用覆被和土壤类型参数化方法进行分析和讨论;根据其中流域地形、土地利用覆被和土壤类型参数化方法对机理过程的描述程度,将其分为无明确表示类、率定型参数类、确定型参数类、物理过程表达类;进而阐明不同参数化方法中流域地形、土地利用覆被和土壤类型对水文循环模拟结果的响应和贡献。最后回归模型本质,阐述水文循环模拟中流域下垫面参数化方法中存在经验关系对复杂机理简单表述的合理性和物理机理过程描述的欠缺性问题,并预估未来水文循环模拟中下垫面参数化方法朝着简洁实用化和复杂机理化两个方向发展。  相似文献