水生态系统服务功能变化的驱动因子分析--以三工河流域为例   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

刘蕾  夏军  丰华丽  占车生  尹雄锐 《干旱区地理》2005,28(3):347-351

以新疆三工河流域为研究对象,分析了影响该流域水生生态系统服务功能的变化的驱动因子。研究表明,人类活动是最主要的影响因素,尤其是土地利用变化对水生生态系统的影响最为深刻,是水生态系统服务功能变化的主要驱动因子。  相似文献   

中国东部不同特征小流域水文对比观测试验分析          下载免费PDF全文

王强  许有鹏  王跃峰  王杰  周才钰  傅维军  赵艳 《水科学进展》2019,30(4):467-476

为探讨中国东部地区变化环境下水循环演变机制,通过水文站网加密观测、构建不同特征试验流域等方法,揭示了不同土地利用和不同城镇化水平下水文要素分布及响应规律。结果表明:①小流域内场次极端降雨局部差异较大,主要受到微地形和风向的影响。②鄞江镇试验流域水位涨幅和单位雨量水位涨幅均高于天然画龙溪试验流域,主要受到了流域大小和城镇化率等因素的影响。③城镇用地和耕地土壤水消退过程较快,林地退水过程相对较慢;浅层10cm、20cm和40cm土壤含水率对降雨滞后响应时间分别为0~0.25h、0.25~0.75h和0.5~0.75h,而深层(60cm和80cm)土壤含水率由于受到优势流的影响,响应较为复杂,响应时间变动范围较大。④小流域地下水对降雨的响应存在滞后性,响应时间为6.5~12h。  相似文献   

模拟流域地貌发育过程的空间数据获取与分析   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  

肖学年  崔灵周  王春  李占斌 《地理科学》2004,24(4):439-443

运用数字摄影测量与GIS技术对人工模拟降雨条件下小流域模型地貌发育过程进行了动态监测研究,获得了小流域模型不同发育阶段地貌形态高精度、高分辨率的DEM数据、等高线、纵横剖面等数据,计算出了流域模型各种地貌形态参数,并利用GIS技术进行流域发育过程的空间形态进行了可视化和空间分析.研究表明,数字摄影测量与GIS技术可准确快速获取流域地貌形态的相关参数及小流域土壤侵蚀的空间定量分布,对于黄土高原小流域降雨侵蚀产沙过程与地貌形态特征定量作用关系研究及小流域土壤侵蚀预报模型建立具有重要科学意义.  相似文献   

红河流域气温变化的气候特征分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

尹文有  肖子牛  郑皎  王继红 《云南地理环境研究》2008,20(Z1):1-6

利用红河流域及其周边地区23个气象站1961年~2005年的年平均气温资料,对红河流域的气温变化特征进行诊断分析,结果表明:近45年来,红河流域气温呈现明显的增暖趋势,无论是整个流域还是上游、中游地区其增温速度均高于全球增温速度。并且,红河流域的气温变化还存在明显的区域差异和季节差异,中游地区增温幅度大于整个流域和上游地区,全流域及上游、中游地区都表现为冬半年增温趋势和幅度大于夏半年。红河流域增温突变出现在20世纪80年代,显著性增温出现在90年代后,特别是1998年以后更为明显。  相似文献   

基于DEM的北京市大流域界线重新勘定研究     

张超  苏伟  徐丽丽  朱德海  李海霞 《地理与地理信息科学》2008,24(3):53-56

大流域区划数据是反映水资源分布的重要数据,也是土地利用总体规划和农业结构总体规划所必需的重要基础数据。针对当前没有与北京市土地利用现状数据一致的大流域区划数据,参照北京市已有的流域划分数据与方案,以DEM和SPOT5遥感影像为基础数据源,通过GIS数据处理、水文特征分析与流域划分等生成北京市五大流域区划数据;通过三维景观图等对大流域界线进行调整,重新勘定北京市大流域界线。  相似文献   

挠力河流域三维地下水流数值模拟   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

卢文喜  李平  王福林  郭龙珠 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2007,37(3):541-545

在分析概化挠力河流域地质及水文地质条件的基础上,建立了研究区地下水流系统的三维数学模拟模型,运用Visual MODFLOW软件进行求解,并对研究区未来7年的地下水流场进行了预报。模型预报过程中用迭代逼近方法预报二类边界,用频谱分析法预报年降水量和地下水开采量,实现了随机模型与确定性模型相耦合。结果表明,研究区地下水多年平均补给量为20.9×10⁸ m³/a。从预报的等水位线图看出,按照预测的开采量进行开采,研究区的地下水位在预报期间略有下降,每年平均下降0.329 m。  相似文献   

黄土高原小流域土地利用优化调控   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐勇  汤青 《地理学报(英文版)》2009,19(5):577-586

At present, land use optimization at small watershed scale is the key measure to control soil erosion, restore the eco-environment and improve the farmers’ living standard on the Loess Plateau, China. Based on the land use survey maps of 1966, 1988, 1997, 2003 and the digital topographic map of 1984 in Yangou watershed, and assisted by spatial techniques of GIS, the basic characteristics and driving forces of land use change in Yangou watershed are analyzed. According to the summarization of land-use optimization characteristics since 1997, and with the help of continuous monitoring data for years and farmer investigation data, this paper appraises eco-environmental benefits, economic benefits and sustainability of Yangou watershed. We have used sediment reduction benefits, coverage ratio of permanent vegetation, per capita food production and per capita income of farmers as indices. The results show that Yangou watershed project has successfully controlled the soil and water loss and the farmers’ living standard has been improved markedly by reasonable adjustment to land use structure. The benefit of sediment reduction is higher than 80% and the coverage ratio of permanent vegetation reaches 61.03%. In 2006, the per capita income increased by 1493 yuan compared with the year 1998. The successful measures and experiences of Yangou watershed are worth promoting on the Loess Plateau.  相似文献   

Resample or not?! Effects of resolution of DEMs in watershed modeling   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B. Dixon  J. Earls 《水文研究》2009,23(12):1714-1724

  相似文献   

The influence of freeze–thaw cycles of active soil layer on surface runoff in a permafrost watershed     

Genxu Wang  Hongchang Hu  Taibin Li 《Journal of Hydrology》2009,375(3-4):438-449

As a result of global warming, the discharges from rivers in permafrost regions have varied significantly. However, its mechanism remains unclear. One of possible factors is active soil freeze–thaw cycle, which may influence surface runoff in the variation of permafrost water cycle processes. In this study, a typical permafrost watershed in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau was selected, its hydrological processes were monitored from 2004 to 2007, and the effects of the freezing and thawing depth of the soil active layer on runoff processes were assessed. The runoff modulus, runoff coefficient, direct runoff ratio, recession gradient and their seasonal variations were estimated and analyzed. The active soil dynamics and water budget were analyzed to prove the features of the surface runoff and the influences of active soil freeze–thaw processes. The primary factors influencing surface runoff processes during different seasons were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and statistical regression methods. The results showed that the high runoff coefficient and low direct runoff ratio were the main characteristics during the spring flood period (May–June) and during the autumn recession period (September). The runoff modulus and its year-to-year variability were the greatest in the summer flood period. The direct runoff ratio decreased from 0.43 in May to 0.29 in September, with the exception of the highest ratio, which occurred during the summer recession period (July). The active soil thawing in the upper layer of depth of 60 cm had contributed to increase in discharge, but the increase in thawing depth deeper than 60 cm led to a decrease in surface runoff and slowness in the recession process. Precipitation played a small role in the spring flood runoff and the autumn runoff. The soil active layer freeze–thaw variation, which affected seasonal soil water dynamic and water budget and reformed seasonal runoff characteristics, along with vegetation cover changes, is considered the potential major factor in control of the hydrological processes in the permafrost region.  相似文献   

Estimation of peak flows from small watersheds on the Loess Plateau of China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Suhua Fu  Xin Wei  Guanghui Zhang 《水文研究》2008,22(21):4233-4238

Peak flow rate from watersheds is an important criterion used to develop soil conservation plans and to design engineering projects. A peak flow rate equation used in the CREAMS model, with four parameters, can be employed to predict peak flow rate. The purpose of this study was to test and improve this equation of peak flow rate in CREAMS for use on the Loess Plateau of China. Data from 331 storms in 20 small watersheds were used to verify the the peak flow rate equation in CREAMS. The calculated flow rates using the CREAMS equation greatly underestimated the measured peak flows. The model efficiency was only 0·15. Nonlinear regression analysis was then performed to develop a new equation: which gave a model efficiency of 0·94. A second set of data, including 68 storms from four completely different watersheds, was used to test the new equation, with a resultant model efficiency of 0·90. The result has significant implications for improving the design of soil and water supporting practices, for assessing the soil and water resources, and for implementing conservation programmes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献