集群计算在数字流域模型中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李铁键  刘家宏  和杨  王光谦 《水科学进展》2006,17(6):841-846

随着计算机技术的发展,以消息传递接口(MPI)标准为代表的高性价比集群计算技术使并行计算在大量传统的专业领域也得到了广泛应用.数字流域模型因需要对大范围流域进行分布式的水文、泥沙过程模拟而提出了较大规模的计算需求.同时,基于分水岭的单元划分方式和专门的河网编码方法使数字流域模型的并行化计算具有先天优势.提出了一种典型的并行调度流程,用于完成产汇流计算的动态任务分配.在自主搭建的MPI计算集群上进行的应用实验表明,集群计算提高了数字流域模型的计算效率,能够作为模型的计算平台.最后指出了此应用计算平台的发展方向.  相似文献   

Comparative streamflow characteristics in urbanizing basins in the Portland Metropolitan Area,Oregon, USA   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Heejun Chang 《水文研究》2007,21(2):211-222

This study investigates changes in streamflow characteristics for urbanizing watersheds in the Portland Metropolitan Area of Oregon for the period from 1951 to 2000. The objective of this study was to assess how mean annual runoff ratio, mean seasonal runoff ratio, annual peak runoff ratio, changes in streamflow in response to storm amount, the fraction of time that the daily mean flow exceeds the annual mean flow, 3‐day recession constants, and dry/wet flow ratio vary among watersheds with different degrees of urban development. There were no statistically significant changes in annual runoff ratio and annual peak runoff ratio for the mixed land‐use watershed (Tualatin River watershed) and the urban watershed (Johnson Creek watershed) during the entire study period. The Tualatin River watershed, where most of the urban development occurred in a lower part of the watershed, showed a statistically significant increase in annual peak runoff ratio during the 1976 and 2000 period. The Upper Tualatin River watershed illustrated a significant decrease in annual peak runoff ratio for the entire study period. With significant differences in seasonal runoff ratio, only Johnson Creek exhibited a significant increase in both wet and dry season runoff ratios. Streamflow during storm events declined rapidly in the urban watershed, with a high 3‐day recession constant. At an event storm scale, streamflow in Fanno Creek, which is the most urbanized watershed, responded quickly to precipitation input. The fraction of time that the daily mean flow exceeded the annual mean flow and dry/wet flow ratio are all lower in Johnson Creek. This suggests a shorter duration of storm runoff and lower baseflow in the urbanized watershed when compared to the mixed land use watershed. The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of spatial and temporal scale, climate variability, and basin physiographic characteristics in detecting the hydrologic effects of urbanization in the Pacific Northwest of the USA. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

中国流域水污染控制分区方法与应用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

王金南  吴文俊  蒋洪强  徐敏  谢阳村  赵康平 《水科学进展》2013,24(4):459-468

针对中国以往的流域分区方法主观性较强,尤其是对水污染控制单元的划分方法不统一,划分依据不充分等特点,提出了"流域-控制区-控制单元"三级分区体系,采取定性和定量分析相结合的方法进行流域水污染控制分区研究,重点在控制单元层面构建了层次分析模型,以区县为单元基于汇水特征、城镇布局、工业布局和农业布局4个因素进行评分比较,筛选区县主导排污去向,作为将其划入某一或某几个控制单元的依据。以松花江流域为例,将松花江流域划为三大控制区,33个控制单元,其中莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗在内的10个区县被拆分到两个或两个以上的单元,基于流域自然汇水特征,且充分体现流域水污染防治重点和方向,重点落实地方政府治污目标、责任和任务,为中国流域水污染防治规划的科学制定与实施提供重要依据。  相似文献   

A novel solution for outlier removal of ICESat altimetry data:a case study in the Yili watershed, China     

Xiaodong HUANG  Hongjie XIE  Guoqing ZHANG  Tiangang LIANG 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2013,(2)

  相似文献   

贵州铜仁碧江区耕地土壤硒富集分布特征及影响因素研究     

沈小庆  洪万华  涂飞飞  杨炳南  张德实  韩姚飞  余万泽 《贵州地质》2021,38(4):480-486

硒是重要的人体必需微量元素,对特色农业发展起着重要的助力作用。碧江区土壤硒元素含量平均值超过贵州省及全国硒含量均值。富硒耕地面积达29426 8万亩,具有较大的富硒资源开发潜力。成土母岩为炭质页岩所形成的土壤中硒元素含量高于其他类型成土母岩所形成的土壤,强酸性土壤中硒元素含量平均值高于其他酸碱度等级土壤,水田中硒元素含量平均值显著高于旱地、果园、水浇地等其他类型土地。成土母质是土壤中硒元素的主要来源及影响因素,pH值、有机质、土壤质地等理化条件对土壤硒元素有一定影响。  相似文献   

基于水系流域的地球化学异常分析方法——以1：50000丫他幅水系沉积物分析为例     

廖国忠 《地质与勘探》2018,54(2):315-324

地球化学异常靶区优选一直是勘查地球化学所面临的核心问题。目前地球化学异常靶区优选所采取的方法,主要是基于不同地质构造单元的地球化学异常评价方法和基于多元统计而发展的多元素定量化评价指标方法,然而这些异常评价方法缺少对水系中沉积物的物质来源区域进行限定。由于在一级水系中沉积的水系沉积物主要由一级水系流域内的岩石经过风化、剥蚀、搬运,最后在水系内沉积而成,因此一级水系中的水系沉积物的物源区域可近似与水系流域等同。本文通过水系流域的提取,以水系流域作为分析单元,对1∶50000丫他幅水系沉积物进行地球化学分析评价,通过与地质矿产资料对比,证明了本方法的有效性,并且缩小了地球化学异常区域,更精确地进行靶区定位。根据本文提出的方法,通过分析区内已知矿点所处流域的地球化学元素特征,将丫他幅内已有金矿划分为两种类型,对后期找矿工作有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

Mineralogical and geochemical features of alluvial sediments from the Lobo watershed (Southern Cameroon): Implications for rutile exploration     

《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2018,350(3):119-129

This paper is focused on the morphological, mineralogical, and geochemical features of alluvial sediments from the Neoproterozoic Pan-African belt to explore rutile. The fine-grained sediments, which contain a large proportion of rutile, are made up of quartz, rutile, zircon, brookite, tourmaline, andalusite, and kyanite. The high SiO₂ and TiO₂ contents highlight the predominance of silica minerals in the alluvia from the humid tropical zone. La/Sc, La/Co, Th/Sc and Zr/Cr ratios reflect the contribution of felsic and mafic sources. The highest Ti contents, which occur at the outlet of the Lobo watershed, indicate the resistance of rutile. The REE distribution could be linked to the heavy mineral sorting. The low (La/Yb)_N ratios and high Zr contents are attributed to the high proportion of zircon. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns indicate high felsic sources, which are the regional rocks. Ultimately, the Yaoundé Group constitutes a favorable potential target for further rutile exploration.  相似文献   

基于深度卷积网络和分水岭分割的耕地地块识别方法     

朱昱  潘耀忠  张杜娟 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(12):2389-2403

耕地地块作为精准农业的重要支撑,现有地块边界大多依靠人工勾绘。随着遥感技术的发展,基于遥感影像自动提取耕地地块成为研究主要方向,其中基于深度学习的方法能够克服传统检测方法难以适应复杂场景的局限而被广泛使用,但现有检测方法仍存在问题,基于深度卷积模型直接识别耕地区域会丢失内部边界、而基于边缘检测模型识别耕地边界时则会同时得到大量无关边界;此外,现有的基于阈值提取地块的策略所提取的地块不够规整,存在内陷的问题。针对上述问题,本研究提出一种基于深度卷积网络和分水岭分割的耕地地块提取方法,从信息检测和地块提取两方面进行改进：① 将耕地边界视作一种地物类别,在深度卷积网络中进行类别概率检测,帮助实现对耕地边界的语义识别。② 基于改进后的D-LinknetXt网络进行检测,其网络架构适合于对耕地边界这类线性目标的提取,同时更换原始D-Linknet网络的残差单元,帮助提高了网络的特征提取能力。③ 基于分水岭分割对耕地地块进行提取,利用了区域分割方法获取边界的封闭性,并且这种以区域为单元进行分割并合并的方式,解决了原有方法在像元尺度上基于阈值提取所遇到的提取地块存在内陷的问题,使地块更规整准确。在一景高分二号影像上进行检验,并设计两类精度指标,从全局边界精度和地块几何精度两方面进行方法性能评估。实验结果表明,本方法的精度优于3种对比方法,在代表边界精度的F1分数上达到了0.933,地块几何精度为0.829。本研究所提出的方法能够更加准确的对耕地地块进行提取,并适用于实际应用中。  相似文献   

A total water management analysis of the Las Vegas Wash watershed,Nevada     

Thushara Ranatunga  Yu Sun  Y. Jeffrey Yang 《自然地理学》2014,35(3):220-244

Climate change, land-use change, and population growth are fundamental factors affecting future hydrologic conditions in streams, especially in arid regions with scarce water resources. Located in the arid southwest within the Las Vegas Wash watershed, Las Vegas is one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas of the country. In the past 30?years, because of climate and land-use changes, it has experienced a decrease in clean water supply but an increase in water demand. To alleviate some of these problems, large amounts of water have been pumped into the city from different sources, such as Lake Mead, and the urban wastewater is treated and returned back to the reservoir for water augmentation. However, in the face of continual global climate change and urbanization in the watershed, long-term planning for sustainable water management is critical. This research was designed to provide a comprehensive analysis incorporating hydrologic modeling, population projection, land-use change modeling, and water management policies to examine the total water balance and management options in this arid and rapidly urbanizing watershed under various scenarios of climate regime, population growth, land-use change, and total water management programs for the year 2050.  相似文献   

Free advanced modeling and remote-sensing techniques for wetland watershed delineation and monitoring     

Javier Martínez-López  María F. Carreño  José A. Palazón-Ferrando  Julia Martínez-Fernández  Miguel A. Esteve 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(8):1610-1625

Watershed scale studies focusing on hydrological pressures influencing freshwater ecosystem dynamics are necessary for the establishment of suitable wetland ecological indicators. Enhanced and reproducible methods for watershed modeling and land-cover assessment are thus essential tools for wetland monitoring and management. However, few integrated studies propose advanced open source methodologies for watershed modeling and assessment. In this study, a set of GIS methodological tools was applied and further developed in order to delineate wetland watersheds and map their land-cover changes over time. Watersheds draining to 11 semiarid Mediterranean saline wetlands were delimited and map algebra operations were applied on the digital elevation model in the Campo de Cartagena coastal plain to enhance watershed delimitation. land-use/land-cover maps of wetland watersheds were obtained for years 1987 and 2008 by means of supervised classification of Landsat images. A set of four spectral indices was included in the classification analysis using a combination of bands in order to improve the discrimination of vegetation, water bodies, infrastructure, and bare soil. An iterative classification procedure based on maximum likelihood and random selection of training areas was applied. Contextual information based on automatic image segmentation of Landsat scenes was also included as ancillary layers. Watershed areas obtained ranged from 70 to 17,000 ha and delineation was improved in the Campo de Cartagena coastal plain. The proposed image classification methodology showed high accuracies and improved standard classification techniques. The proposed methodology is based on free and open source tools, which makes it broadly applicable.  相似文献