闽江河口湿地典型植物群落及交错带植硅体碳分布特征研究     

米慧珊  高会  翟水晶  孙志高  何涛 《第四纪研究》2019,39(1):99-107

湿地既是"碳汇"也是"碳源",研究发现,碳可以被长久稳定地封存在植硅体内,不同植物的植硅体封存碳的能力有明显差异。选取闽江河口鳝鱼滩湿地芦苇群落、短叶茳芏群落、互花米草群落及交错带为研究对象,研究这3种植物植硅体碳(Phytolith-Occluded Carbon,简称PhytOC)含量和储量的空间变化特征和影响因素,探讨PhytOC含量在纯群落和交错带的差异,为研究植物竞争和碳循环过程提供依据。结果表明:受水文条件、植物生长和空间扩展等影响,闽江河口湿地植物PhytOC含量整体表现为近岸区高于近海区,PhytOC储量表现为纯群落高于交错带。PhytOC含量依次表现为芦苇纯群落(4.14 mg/g) > 交错带芦苇(3.67 mg/g) > 与芦苇交错的短叶茳芏(3.08 mg/g) > 互花米草纯群落(2.70 mg/g) > 与互花米草交错的短叶茳芏(1.96 mg/g) > 交错带互花米草(1.86 mg/g) > 短叶茳芏纯群落(1.75 mg/g)。短叶茳芏与芦苇相互扩展中短叶茳芏植物整体及各器官PhytOC含量均升高,而与互花米草相互扩展时短叶茳芏除了根系、茎以外各器官PhytOC含量均下降。3种植物各器官在交错带中PhytOC储量分配比明显不同于纯群落,根系PhytOC储量的分配比上升,提高了根系竞争力。芦苇、短叶茳芏、互花米草通过植硅体封存的碳储量分别占植物碳储量的0.27%、0.15%和0.07%,但植物间的扩展过程影响了植物的PhytOC储量,其中短叶茳芏与互花米草形成的交错带中短叶茳芏下降幅度最高(56.29%),互花米草下降幅度最低(26.15%)。由此可见,植物的空间扩展对植物PhytOC含量、储量以及在不同器官的分配比都有一定的影响,短叶茳芏在与芦苇和互花米草竞争时分别采取不同的PhytOC分配机制。  相似文献   

内蒙古突泉盆地南部中侏罗世植物群初探     

张德军  张健  郑月娟  陈树旺  苏飞  黄欣  张海华 《地质与资源》2019,28(1):7-12

报道了突泉盆地南部牤牛海地区发现的植物大化石15属26种,主要包括有节类Noecalamites sp.、Equisetites sp.,真蕨类Todites goeppertianus、T.williamsoni、Cladophlebis argutula、C.hsiehiana、C.shansiensis,松柏类Pityospermum staratschini、P.nordenskioldi、Podozamites schenki、P.lanceolotus,银杏类Czekanowskia rigida、Ginkgo huttoni、Ginkgoites cf.Sibiricus、G.sibiricus、G.cf.marginatus、G.lepidus、Vittifoliolum paucinerve、Phoenicopsis speciosa、Sphenobailra sp.,苏铁类Nilssonia sinensis以及裸子植物花果和种子Carpolithus sp.等,其中以真蕨类（26.9%）和银杏类（38.5%）占优势,松柏类（19.2%）占一定比重,含少量的木贼类（7.7%）、苏铁类（3.8%）以及裸子植物花果和种子化石（3.8%）.结合前人在该地区发现Raphaelia diamensis,指示该套含可采煤层的细碎屑岩组合具有浓厚的中侏罗世早期的时代特征,应为中侏罗世万宝组.根据植物组合中主要发育真蕨纲的Cladophlebis,银杏纲银杏目的Ginkgo、Ginkgoites、Sphenobailra以及松柏纲苏铁衫杉科的Podozamites等分子,结合当时整个万宝组植物群面貌以及地层中含煤、发育沉积铁矿等特征,可推测研究区当时具有温暖潮湿的古气候环境.  相似文献   

湖北恩施地区土壤-植物系统中Se元素的 地球化学特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

郭宇  鲍征宇  马真真  李慧  魏昌华  严森 《地质通报》2012,31(1):151-155

在对恩施地区典型农业活动区——芭蕉、长平和鱼塘坝三地土壤中Se元素含量进行调查的基础上,通过与富Se土壤质量标准进行对比,发现除长平地区外,其余两地分别属于富Se和高Se地区,并通过土壤理化性质、形态分析和土壤中所生长的植物进行比较,初步研究了Se在土壤-植物体系中迁移转化的规律。结果表明：整体来看,鱼塘坝地区属于超富Se地区,植物中Se的含量也最高,长平地区属于非富Se地区,芭蕉地区则属于中等富Se地区;植物对Se的吸收受一定的土壤理化性质的影响,不同类型的植物对Se的吸收富集相差较大;形态分析研究表明,鱼塘坝地区土壤中生物可利用的Se含量较高,而芭蕉地区土壤中残渣态Se的比例较高,表现为Se的生物可利用性低于鱼塘坝地区。  相似文献   

水文情势、土壤和水电开发对河流湿地中植物的影响研究进展     

杨娇  厉恩华  夏盈  张莹莹  王学雷 《湿地科学》2020,18(1):115-121

开展环境对河流湿地中植物的影响研究,不仅有助于了解河流湿地中植物与生态环境之间的关系,而且对河流湿地中植物的保护和恢复工作具有重要意义。根据近年来发表的环境对河流湿地中植物的影响研究成果,对河流湿地中植物的范围进行了界定,综述了与河流湿地中植物关系密切的水文情势、土壤和水电开发对其的影响,指出未来对河流湿地中植物的影响研究的方向。  相似文献   

A comparison of the effectiveness of the roots of two grass species in reducing soil erosion on alluvial fans in south-east China     

Fangshi Jiang  Kaiwen He  Jiahui Lin  Hui Li  Zhenzhi Zhan  Jinshi Lin  Hongli Ge  Ming Kuang Wang  Yanhe Huang 《水文研究》2020,34(1):96-110

The effects of root systems on soil detachment by overland flow are closely related to vegetation types. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of two gramineous roots (Paspalum mandiocanum with shallow roots and Pennisetum giganteum with deep roots) on soil detachment capacity, rill erodibility, and critical shear stress on alluvial fans of benggang in south-east China. A 4-m-long and 0.12-m-wide flume was used. Slope steepness ranged from 9% to 27%, and unit flow discharge ranged from 1.39 × 10⁻³ to 4.19 × 10⁻³ m² s⁻¹. The mean detachment capacities of P. mandiocanum and P. giganteum lands were 18% and 38% lower than that of bare land, respectively, and the effects of root on reducing soil detachment were mainly reflected in the 0- to 5-cm soil layer. The most important factors in characterizing soil detachment capacity were root length density and soil cohesion, and soil detachment capacity of the two grass lands could be estimated using flow shear stress, soil cohesion, and root length density (NSE = 0.90). With the increase in soil depth, rill erodibility increased, whereas shear stress decreased. The mean rill erodibilities of P. mandiocanum and P. giganteum lands were 81% and 61% as much as that of bare land, respectively. Additionally, rill erodibilities of the two grass lands could be estimated as an exponential function by root length density and soil cohesion (NSE = 0.88). The mean critical shear stress of P. mandiocanum and P. giganteum lands was 1.29 and 1.39 times that of bare land, respectively, and it could be estimated with a linear function by root length density (NSE = 0.76). This study demonstrated that planting of the two grasses P. mandiocanum and P. giganteum could effectively reduce soil detachment and enhance soil resistance to erosion on alluvial fans, with the deep roots of P. giganteum being more effective than the shallow roots of P. mandiocanum. The results are helpful for understanding the influencing mechanism of root systems on soil detachment process.  相似文献   

Effects of Enclosure on Plant and Soil Restoration in the Junggar Desert     

WEI Peng  AN Shazhou  KE Mei  LI Chao  HOU Yurong  LAN Jiyong  KANG Shuai  JIN Junpeng 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(6):840-848

Enclosure is commonly used in the restoration of degraded grasslands. However, the effects of enclosure on grassland plant and soil restoration remain controversial, particularly in deserts. To assess the effects of enclosure on desert plants and soil properties, using high throughput sequencing, the differences between plants and soil were systematically analyzed before and after enclosure construction. The soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of the three desert flora increased and decreased, but the difference was not significant; enclosure increased plant height, coverage, aboveground biomass, and species richness by 58.99%, 59.35%, 33.29%, and 51.21%, respectively, in a Seriphidium transiliense formation; by 15.49%, 33.52%, 20.85%, and 5.13%, respectively, in a Haloxylon persicum formation; and by 83.80%, 31.51%, 76.66% and 33.33%, respectively, in an Anabasis salsa formation. For soil bacteria, enclosure significantly increased the average number of operational taxonomic units and Shannon-Wiener index by 12.74% and 2.92%, respectively, under S. transiliense formation and by 17.08% and 3.17%, respectively, under H. persicum formation. However, enclosure had no significant effect on the average number of operational taxonomic units or Shannon-Wiener index under A. salsa formation. Enclosure significantly increased desert plants, soil bacterial diversity, and desert plant community productivity; however, the increase in soil nutrient content was not significant. These results demonstrate that enclosure is effective for restoring desert ecosystems but may have little effect on the soil nutrient content.  相似文献   

泛北极地区植被数据集与制图：回顾与展望     

薛守业  徐海燕  甘子鹏  梁冰妍  种碧莹  王莉  张博  李小明  李莉莎  毛楠  刘桂民  吴晓东 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(3):421-436

泛北极地区位于北半球高纬度地区,主要属于低温限制型生态系统,因而泛北极地区植被对全球变暖敏感。要明确泛北极地区陆地生态系统对全球变暖响应过程和机理,就需要高精度的植被类型分类数据作为基础资料。但是,目前泛北极地区植被数据的结果还不完善。为更好地认识泛北极地区植被类型分类的现状、发展历史和未来研究方向,本文综述了泛北极地区植被类型制图的数据来源、植被类型划分方法和植被类型制图研究方法。总体而言,泛北极地区的植被调查从20世纪20年代就陆续开展,目前部分区域尺度上的地表覆盖类型的结果,但具体的植被类型制图工作还存在一系列难题。主要原因包括植被野外调查实测数据较少和分布不均、植被类型分类标准不一、苔原植被群落的异质性大、制图技术和分类算法优化困难等。因此,在下一步泛北极植被类型制图工作中,需要制定标准化分类策略,规范数据获取及数据库的整理工作,并发展新的制图方法,从而促进植被类型制图研究工作。  相似文献   

滇池历史地理初步研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

于希贤 《云南地理环境研究》1999,11(1):7-15

初步研究了地质时代滇池的形成,人类历史时期滇池及周围的环境演变发展的过程,特别是生产活动,文物古迹的分布和气候,动植物的变迁,提出保护自然景观和社会经济发展之间,关系处理好了,是可以和谐共进的。  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地固沙造林针叶树种选择的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吕荣  刘朝霞  李维向 《中国沙漠》1998,18(1):81-86

选择樟子松、油松等五种针叶树种在毛乌素沙地进行栽植试验,通过对成活率与保存率、生长量、蓄积量、抗逆性等14年的观测,从单项及多指标综合选优及排序,确立樟子松为毛乌素沙地针叶树造林的优选树种。  相似文献   

波兰郁金香在中国的气候适生地研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

韩永翔  姚志华  张平兰  费晓玲 《干旱气象》1999,(3)

通过对波兰郁金香的水、热条件与中国大陆所有站点进行气候滑移相似分析表明,波兰郁金香在中国最适宜引种的范围很大,气候相似的大部分地方集中在３ 个地区：一是３４ ～３９°Ｎ、１０２～１１４°Ｅ的倒梯形区域;二是３５ ～４２°Ｎ、１１５ ～１２５°Ｅ的倒三角形区;三是西藏的部分地区。  相似文献