Enigmatic clastogenic rhyolitic volcanism: The Corral de Coquena spatter ring,North Chile     

Stephen Self  Shanaka L. de Silva  Joaquín A. Cortés 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008

We report on the unusual occurrence of the products of lava fountaining in a Pliocene calc-alkaline rhyolitic monogenetic center from northern Chile. Corral de Coquena is a discontinuous ring of lava located in the moat of La Pacana caldera (23°27' S, 67°23.5' W), part of the Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex of the Central Andes. The volcanic structure is composed of a maar-like crater, with an associated pyroclastic (possibly phreatomagmatic) unit, that is overlain by rhyolitic glassy lava ramparts, in which evidence of spatter, agglutinate and clastogenic material is found. Typical explanations for the unusual textures in a rhyolitic lava, such as peralkaline composition, high volatile content, or superheated magma are untenable in this case. We propose that the most likely explanation for this extreme style of rhyolitic volcanism is a combination of moderately high eruption rate and efficient degassing prior to eruption. In the light of reports of several other bodies of fountain-fed silicic magma from the UK, US, and Japan, we propose that Corral de Coquena is a rhyolitic spatter ring superimposed upon a maar-like crater. We further propose that pyroclastic fountaining should be considered an end-member of the spectrum of eruptive styles of calc-alkaline silicic magmas, and that Corral de Coquena is a rare example, preserved because of the hyper-arid climate in the Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex.  相似文献   

陕西凤太矿集区铅锌矿床的成矿模型及其找矿意义     

王义天  胡乔青  王瑞廷  高卫宏  陈绍聪  魏然  王长安  汶博  温深文  唐敏杰 《矿床地质》2020,39(4):587-606

陕西凤太(凤县-太白)矿集区是南秦岭铅锌金多金属成矿带的重要组成部分,区内发育7个大中型铅锌矿床以及许多小型矿床(点)。关于铅锌矿床成因前人提出了多种观点,这些成因认识的根本分歧在于是同生成矿还是后生成矿,是一期成矿还是两期成矿。多年来笔者在凤太矿集区开展了比较全面的研究工作,文章综合这些研究成果,并结合近十年来有关的区域地质、矿产研究和找矿勘查工作等方面的新进展,系统论述了铅锌成矿地质特征、控矿因素、成矿流体和成矿元素来源,厘定成岩成矿时代和成矿动力学背景,建立成矿模型,并提出新的找矿方向。笔者认为凤太矿集区铅锌矿床形成于晚三叠世秦岭造山运动的后碰撞阶段,是区域大规模构造变形变质-岩浆作用-流体活动的产物,是同一期成矿事件中后生成矿流体在不同构造扩容空间充填交代形成不同矿化类型铅锌矿体,共同组成了一个多源流体成矿系统。根据成矿模型,提出了中泥盆世古道岭组灰岩的内部及灰岩与中酸性岩体接触带附近是今后深部找矿勘查的新目标。  相似文献   

新疆博格达山前带油气调查进展     

周新桂  高永进  杜小弟  杨有星  孙相灿  张金虎  文磊 《中国地质调查》2020,7(1):1-6

博格达山前带位于准噶尔盆地南缘冲断带东段,构造变形复杂、沉积演化认识不清、成藏主控因素不明等关键地质问题制约了该区油气勘探进程。中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心新疆项目组在博格达山前带开展了一系列野外地质调查、地震资料处理解释、烃源岩地球化学分析等综合研究,厘清了该区构造变形样式和演化过程,明确了二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩沉积中心,评价了油气资源潜力,提出了该区复式油气成藏模式。钻探实践进一步证实了该区良好的油气资源潜力,推动了该区油气勘探进程,对类似地区开展油气勘探具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

A Paleoproterozoic A—type Rhyolite   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

于津海  王德滋等 《中国地球化学学报》1999,18(3):219-228

The rhyolites in the upper Lueliang Group of Shanxi,China,are Paleoproterozoic weakly alkaline volcanic rocks.They are characterized by high,SiO2,NaO K2O,Zr,Nd,Ga,Y and REE contents and large FeO^*/MgO,Rb/Sr and Ga/Al ratios,and low CaO,Sr and Eu contents,and share much in common with the A-type granitic rocks.They erupted in the rift setting at the continental margin.Chemical features and isotope data,as well as high Nd and low initial Sr ratios,suggest that the original granitic magma was derived from partial melting of Late Archean metamorphic rocks in the lower crust due to the influence of basaltic magma and hot fluid in response to rifting.The A-type rhyolites were finally formed after the fractional crystallization of the dominant mineral feldspar.  相似文献   

Tephra glass chemistry provides storage and discharge details of five magma reservoirs which fed the 75 ka Youngest Toba Tuff eruption,northern Sumatra     

Nicholas J.G. Pearce  John A. Westgate  Guilherme A.R. Gualda  Emma Gatti  Ros F. Muhammad 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(1-2):256-271

The Youngest Toba Tuff contains five distinct glass populations, identified from Ba, Sr and Y compositions, termed PI (lowest Ba) – PV (highest Ba), representing five compositionally distinct pre-eruptive magma batches that fed the eruption. The PI–PV compositions display systematic changes, with higher FeO, CaO, MgO, TiO₂ and lower incompatible element concentrations in the low-SiO₂ PIV/PV, than the high-SiO₂ PI–PIII compositions. Glass shard abundances indicate PIV and PV were the least voluminous magma batches, and PI and PIII the most voluminous. Pressure estimates using rhyolite-MELTS indicate PV magma equilibrated at ~6 km, and PI magma at ~3.8 km. Glass population proportions in distal tephra and proximal (caldera-wall) material describe an eruption which commenced by emptying the deepest PIV and PV reservoirs, this being preferentially deposited in a narrow band across southern India (possibly due to jet-stream and/or plinian eruption transport), and as abundant pumice clasts in the lowermost proximal ignimbrites. Later, shallower magma reservoirs erupted, with PI being the most abundant as the eruption ended, sourcing the majority of distal ash from co-ignimbrite clouds (PI- and PIII-dominant), where associated ignimbrites isolated earlier (PIV- and PV-rich) deposits. This study shows how analysis of tephra glass compositional data can yield pre-eruption magma volume estimates, and enable aspects of magma storage conditions and eruption dynamics to be described.  相似文献   

东天山博格达地区石炭系构造-地层划分及成盆背景分析     

樊丹  李涤  何登发  侯烁钦  孙天鸽  杨浩  甄宇 《现代地质》2022,36(5):1206-1217

东天山博格达地区经历了古生代长期俯冲增生与中—新生代多期陆内变形改造作用,但对于博格达山石炭纪构造属性与演化阶段等问题始终存在争议,制约了对北疆晚古生代构造格局的认识。利用博格达山露头及其两侧盆地钻井、地震资料,运用盆地构造分析思路与方法从盆-山尺度开展了石炭系地层格架及岩浆活动特征综合对比研究,划分博格达地区石炭系构造-地层单元并分析石炭纪构造背景。研究结果显示:博格达山相邻的准噶尔盆地和吐哈盆地发育下石炭统与下伏地层(C₁/AnC)不整合,而上、下石炭统之间(C₂/C₁)、二叠系与上石炭统(P/C₂)不整合在博格达山及相邻盆地普遍存在,由此将博格达地区石炭系划分为下石炭统和上石炭统2个主要构造层,揭示研究区经历了两个主要的构造演化阶段。进一步结合构造变形演化、盆地构造沉降特征及构造环境分析结果,认为博格达山石炭纪为俯冲相关伸展背景下的弧后盆地,经历了早、晚石炭世两阶段伸展裂陷作用,并在裂陷晚期均明显遭受了周缘块体碰撞拼贴事件的影响。  相似文献   

西藏谢通门县切琼地区典中组流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及地球化学特征     

曾成  闫茂强  沈志远  高强  魏俊浩  毛国正  邓永明 《大地构造与成矿学》2022,(1):154-174

西藏中拉萨地块切琼地区广泛发育的林子宗群火山岩被认为是印度大陆与亚洲大陆碰撞火山作用的响应,对于揭示大陆碰撞的时限和过程具有重要的意义。本文对区内流纹岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及全岩元素地球化学研究,结果显示:研究区流纹岩年龄为67.1±0.1 Ma,符合林子宗群典中组火山岩年龄范围。该流纹岩具有富Si、高K、低Ti、过铝质特征;富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,(Gd/Yb)_N=0.57~1.16,普遍出现负Eu异常(δEu=0.05~0.08),相对富集大离子亲石元素(Pb、Rb、Th、U),亏损高场强元素(P、Ti),并且明显亏损Ba和Sr,属于高钾钙碱性过铝质系列,具有陆源弧火山岩的特点;锆石¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf值在0.282673~0.282804之间,_εHf(t)在?2.1~+2.3之间,平均为?0.6,t_2DM变化于875~1117 Ma之间。综合分析表明,切琼地区林子宗群典中组流纹岩形成于俯冲构造环境,源于古老地壳物质再循环,且混染了少量幔源物质。对比区域上相关矿床,结合切琼地区已发现矿点,表明切琼地区典中组火山岩具有一定寻找浅成低温热液型、矽卡岩型矿床的潜力。  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114000656     

Wenhao Tang  Zhicheng Zhang  Jianfeng Li  Ke Li  Zhiwen Luo  Yan Chen 《地学前缘(英文版)》2015,6(4)

Apatite fission track (AFT) analysis on samples collected from a Paleozoic series is used to constrain the cooling history of the Bogda Mountain, northwest China. AFT ages range from 136.2 to 85.6 Ma a...  相似文献   

新疆西天山伊犁地区石炭纪火山—沉积序列及盆地性质   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

白建科  李智佩  徐学义  孙吉明  牛亚卓 《地质论评》2015,61(1):195-206

新疆西天山伊犁地区作为中天山微板块的一部分,呈"倒三角形"被缝合带或断裂带所围限。其上广泛出露的石炭纪火山—沉积岩系,是研究西天山石炭纪盆地性质和天山古生代造山作用演化过程最为直接的载体。本文通过对石炭纪火山—沉积剖面的岩石组合、地层序列、构造环境及盆地演化过程研究表明:伊犁地区石炭纪火山—沉积岩与下伏地层(前寒武纪结晶基底或前石炭纪褶皱基底)之间呈广泛的区域性角度不整合接触;火山—沉积岩系由下到上可以划分为2个序列,分别对应于盆地伸展—裂陷演化的两个旋回:序列Ⅰ:大哈拉军山组底部扇三角洲相、向上出现2次爆发相—喷溢相的火山喷发旋回,阿克沙克组底部扇三角洲相,向上过渡为滨浅海相—开阔台地相;序列Ⅱ:伊什基里克组由下到上由3次爆发相—喷溢相的火山喷发旋回构成,东图津河组为浅海陆棚相。西天山伊犁地区石炭纪火山—沉积序列反映了后碰撞伸展环境下的裂谷盆地充填演化过程。  相似文献   

西天山早石炭世构造环境:大哈拉军山组底部沉积地层学证据   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

白建科  李智佩  徐学义  李婷 《沉积学报》2015,33(3):459-469

西天山伊犁地区广泛出露早石炭世大哈拉军山组火山-沉积岩系, 其内赋存了金、铁、铜等重要的金属矿床。但迄今为止, 关于大哈拉军山组形成构造环境还存在很大的争议。通过区域地层对比, 研究区大哈拉军山组与下伏地层之间存在区域性角度不整合接触关系。其底部自下而上依次发育砾岩、粗砂岩、砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、碳酸盐岩、安山岩。沉积学和层序序列分析显示, 该组底部的陆源碎屑岩建造组合形成于扇三角洲沉积环境, 进一步可划分出扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘和前扇三角洲3个亚相, 向上出现的碳酸盐岩形成于浅海碳酸盐岩台地环境。这种沉积物由粗到细、水体由浅到深, 沉积环境由陆相变为海相的地层充填序列, 反映了一种裂陷拉伸的动力学背景。因此, 西天山早石炭世大哈拉军山组火山-沉积建造形成于后碰撞裂谷环境。  相似文献