油松和侧柏常绿树种对典型污染物的吸滞与富集作用          下载免费PDF全文

褚建民  王燕  王琼  李少宁  胡守明  王叶红 《气象与环境学报》2012,28(3):15-20

以城市森林生态系统常绿树种为对象,测定了油松（Pinus tabuliformis）和侧柏（Platycladus orientalis）叶片对大气污染物（SO₂、Cl₂）和土壤重金属污染物（Cu、Zn、As、Hg和Pb、Cd和Cr）的吸滞作用与富集作用。结果表明：油松和侧柏具有较强吸滞污染物的作用,对污染物的吸滞能力受环境污染程度、不同生长季节的污染元素种类等因素的影响。其中,油松在秋季对S、Cu、Zn、Pb和Hg具有较高的吸附能力,针叶中S、Cu、Zn、Pb和Hg含量平均值分别为2158.75、6.31、31.46、4.05 mg·kg-1和0.08 mg·kg-1;侧柏在秋季对Cu、Zn、Hg和Cd具有较高的吸附能力,叶片中Cu、Zn、Hg、Cd含量平均值分别为4.47、22.47、0.09 mg·kg-1和0.20 mg·kg-1;在不同立地条件下,油松和侧柏对污染物的吸滞与富集量有所差异,其中在土壤污染较重的石景山松林园样地,油松对大气污染物SO₂有较强的吸附能力,侧柏则表现出对Cl₂有较强的吸附能力。对重金属污染物而言,油松和侧柏对Cu、Pb、Cr和As有较高的富集作用。  相似文献   

祁连山石羊河上游山区土壤侵蚀的环境因子特征分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

汤萃文  张忠明  肖笃宁  杨国靖 《冰川冻土》2012,34(1):105-113

在GIS技术支持下, 运用通用水土流失方程USLE, 对祁连山北坡东段的哈溪林区的土壤侵蚀量及空间分布进行了模拟运算, 并定量分析了各种环境因子与土壤侵蚀之间的关系. 结果显示: 研究区平均土壤侵蚀模数为25.1 t·hm^-2·a^-1, 微度和轻度侵蚀面积占总面积的80%, 而强度到剧烈侵蚀产生的侵蚀量占78.3%; 各土地类型土壤侵蚀模数由高到低依次是裸地>草地>农田>灌丛>乔木林, 裸地侵蚀量占到总侵蚀量的54.9%; 乔木林和灌木林95%以上侵蚀面积属微度侵蚀区, 农田中度到剧烈侵蚀的面积比例达到35.9%, 高于草地和其他植被类型, 而草地剧烈侵蚀面积比例高于农田. 海拔高度范围与土壤流失量之间的关系与植被的海拔分布范围明显相关; 土壤平均侵蚀模数随坡度的增加而增大, 土壤侵蚀量主要分布在15°～45°的坡度范围, 不同植被覆盖下土壤流失随坡度变化的趋势可在一定程度上反映该类植被对土壤流失的防止作用.  相似文献   

Carbon dynamics in woody biomass of forest ecosystem in China with forest management practices under future climate change and rising CO2 concentration     

ZHOU Lei  WANG Shaoqiang  Georg KINDERMANN  YU Guirui  HUANG Mei  Robert MICKLER  Florian KRAXNER  SHI Hao  GONG Yazhen 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(5):519-536

It is critical to study how different forest management practices affect forest carbon sequestration under global climate change regime. Previous researches focused on the stand-level forest carbon sequestration with rare investigation of forest carbon stocks influ- enced by forest management practices and climate change at regional scale. In this study, a general integrative approach was used to simulate spatial and temporal variations of woody biomass and harvested biomass of forest in China during the 21st century under dif- ferent scenarios of climate and CO2 concentration changes and management tasks by coupling Integrated Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon budget （InTEC） model with Global Forest Model （G4M）. The results showed that forest management practices have more predominant effects on forest stem stocking biomass than climate and CO2 concentration change. Meanwhile, the concurrent future changes in cli- mate and CO2 concentration will enhance the amounts of stem stocking biomass in forests of China by 12%-23% during 2001-2100 relative to that with climate change only. The task for maximizing stem stocking biomass will dramatically enhance the stem stocking biomass from 2001~100, while the task for maximum average increment will result in an increment of stem stocking biomass before 2050 then decline. The difference of woody biomass responding to forest management tasks was owing to the current age structure of forests in China. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of long-term woody biomass to management practices for different forest types （coniferous forest, mixed forest and deciduous forest） under changing climate and CO2 concentration was also analyzed. In addition, longer rotation length under future climate change and rising CO2 concentration scenario will dramatically increase the woody biomass of China during 2001~100. Therefore, our estimation indicated that taking the role of forest management in the carbon cycle into the consideration at regional or national level is very important to project the forest carbon sequestration under future climate change and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration.  相似文献   

Review of shadow detection and de-shadowing methods in remote sensing     

AmirReza SHAHTAHMASSEBI  YANG Ning  WANG Ke  Nathan MOORE  SHEN Zhangquan 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(4):403-420

Shadow is one of the major problems in remotely sensed imagery which hampers the accuracy of information extraction and change detection.In these images,shadow is generally produced by different objects,namely,cloud,mountain and urban materials.The shadow correction process consists of two steps:detection and de-shadowing.This paper reviews a range of techniques for both steps,focusing on urban regions(urban shadows),mountainous areas(topographic shadow),cloud shadows and composite shadows.Several issues including the problems and the advantages of those algorithms are discussed.In recent years,thresholding and recovery techniques have become important for shadow detection and de-shadowing,respectively.Research on shadow correction is still an important topic,particularly for urban regions(in high spatial resolution data) and mountainous forest(in high and medium spatial resolution data).Moreover,new algorithms are needed for shadow correction,especially given the advent of new satellite images.  相似文献   

甘肃祁连山国家级自然保护区森林生态系统服务价值评估     

汪有奎  郭生祥  汪杰  袁虹  徐柏林  王多尧 《中国沙漠》2013,33(6):1905-1911

森林生态系统服务价值评估对于人们全面认识森林生态系统服务功能及制定森林资源保护法规政策具有重要意义。依据《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》（LY/T 1721-2008）、祁连山区森林生态系统定位观测数据、2008年森林资源调查数据及社会公共数据,对甘肃祁连山国家级自然保护区森林生态系统服务价值进行了评估。甘肃祁连山国家级自然保护区森林生态系统年服务价值总计为654.44亿元。按服务功能类型的价值比例从高到低排序为:保育土壤（46.59%）>生物多样性保护（25.53%）>涵养水源（14.03%）>固碳释氧（12.69%）>森林防护（0.50%）>积累营养物质（0.41%）>净化大气环境（0.24%）>森林游憩（0.01%）。按森林类型的价值比例从高到低排序为:灌木林地（63.7%）>有林地（34.1%）>疏林地（2.18%）。单位面积林地年均产生的生态系统服务价值为7.47万元·hm-2,其中,最大为有林地,其次是灌木林地,第三是疏林地。本文还对比分析了本次评估与以前较为全面的7次评估之间的差别及原因。  相似文献   

基于HASM的中国森林植被碳储量空间分布模拟   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

赵明伟  岳天祥  赵娜  孙晓芳 《地理学报》2013,68(9):1212-1224

当前区域尺度上森林碳储量估算主要依据森林资源清查数据,整个过程不仅消耗大量人力、物力,而且十分耗时,严重影响了森林碳储量估算的时效性。针对这一问题,本文提出了基于HASM的森林植被碳储量模拟方法,该方法以全球植被动态模型LPJ-Guess 输出的植被碳储量为驱动场,以森林清查样地数据为精度控制点,模拟生成中国陆地森林碳储量分布情况。研究以第7 次中国森林资源清查数据作为精度控制点数据源,同时作为本文模拟方法的精度验证。结果表明,中国森林碳储量为9.2405 Pg,考虑到森林资源清查是基于一定的郁闭度进行的,因此HASM模拟的结果与根据森林资源清查结果计算得出的7.8115 Pg 相比更符合实际情况,西南山区和东北林区是中国森林最主要的碳库,其碳储量分别占中国森林植被碳储量的39.82%和20.46%。同时与之前(1975-1995 年) 相比具有较大幅度的增长,表明近几十年来中国坚持大规模植树造林的碳汇效果显著。同时也表明基于HASM的森林植被碳储量空间分布模拟方法是有效的,模拟结果合理且精度较高,表明该方法在全球尺度上森林植被碳储量模拟及其它生态系统中碳储量模拟中具有应用潜力。  相似文献   

不同尺度下森林土壤特性空间变异与取样策略     

曾宏达  ;杨玉盛  ;陈光水  ;尹云峰  ;李熙波 《福建地理》2008,(3):32-39

采用网格法采样,对天然更新的次生阔叶林群落林分尺度（40m×40m）和植物个体尺度（2m×2m）的0～20cm土壤分别取样80个和64个,测定pH、有机质、全N、水解N、有效P、速效K等6个指标．结合传统统计与地统计方法,分析在2种尺度下不同土壤性质空间变异特征与样本容量．研究结果表明,各土壤性质的变异系数、极差和半变异函数的基台值均随尺度的放大而增加;不同土壤性质变异性从大到小顺序依次为：有效P〉速效K〉有机质〉全N〉水解N〉pH,说明在相同的精度要求和置信水平下,土壤性质的变异越大,其合理的取样数应相应增加;半变异函数结构说明,除有效P和pH外,多数土壤空间变异主要受随机性因素影响,且无明显基台效应．最后,在对比分析2种尺度下土壤的空间变异特征和样本容量的基础上,探讨优化森林土壤的取样策略．  相似文献   

Land use/cover, landforms and fragmentation patterns in a tropical dry forest in the southern Pacific region of Mexico   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Leopoldo Galicia  Alba Esmeralda Zarco-Arista  Karla Ivette Mendoza-Robles  José Luis Palacio-Prieto  Arturo García-Romero 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2008,29(2):137-154

In spite of widely documented studies of deforestation rates and land use/cover changes in tropical dry forests in Mexico, relatively little is known about fragmentation patterns in such forests. This study defines the spatial distribution of landforms and land use/cover types the lower Papagayo River basin and examines their influence on fragmentation patterns and biological diversity in a tropical dry forest in that southern Pacific region. The land use/cover map was constructed from aerial photographs, Landsat TM imagery (2000) and fieldwork. Landform units were defined based on altitude, slope, lithology and morphology. Landscape fragmentation parameters were obtained using FRAGSTATS (version 3.3) considering the numbers of patches, mean, minimum and maximum patch size, edge density, total edge and connectivity. Results show tropical dry forest to be remnant vegetation (~11 per cent), characterized by isolation and low connectivity. Land use/cover types have different effects on fragmentation patterns. Agriculture and cattle raising produce similar numbers of patches, but with a different mean size; and human settlements have a scattered distribution pattern. The abandonment of rural agricultural livelihoods has favoured the expansion of secondary tropical dry forest characterized by continuity and high connectivity, which suggests a high regeneration potential from land abandonment. It can be concluded that tropical dry forest fragmentation and recovery at regional scales depend on such landscape attributes as lithology, slope, geomorphology and management.  相似文献   

努尔苏丹樟子松人工林土壤粒度组成特征研究     

娄泊远  王永东  周娜  闫晋升  艾柯代·艾斯凯尔 《干旱区地理》2022,45(1):219-225

为了揭示努尔苏丹不同林龄樟子松人工林对土壤粒度组成的影响,通过野外采样与室内分析相结合,分析了努尔苏丹周边不同林龄樟子松人工林土壤粒度与分形维数特征,研究了分形维数与土壤特性之间的关系.结果表明:(1)研究区土壤粒度组成以粉粒为主,砂粒次之,黏粒最少,樟子松人工林的种植能够显著提升土壤表层细颗粒物质含量.不同林龄人工林...  相似文献   

贵州省喀斯特地貌分布面积及分布特征分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

邓晓红  毕坤 《贵州地质》2004,21(3):191-193,177

对贵州省喀斯特地貌进行了特征分析,讨论了喀地貌类型及其与人口、经济、植被和河网密度等的关系。  相似文献