考虑地层各向异性井壁稳定性研究进展     

Yin Shuai  Ding Wenlong  Yang Wenna  Zhao Wei  Zhang Min  Cong Sen 《地球科学进展》2015,30(11):1218-1230

考虑地层各向异性井壁稳定性研究对地质特征复杂的非常规油气储层开发意义重大,在对国内外近10年相关研究成果调研基础上对其主要进展进行了综述。影响井壁稳定性的地层各向异性因素包括:区域地应力大小、区域应力性质、岩石物理力学参数差异、井身结构、水化膨胀、微裂缝及弱层理盘角度等。详细梳理了各单因素对井壁稳定性的影响机制,地层应力系统及岩石强度对井壁稳定性的影响最大。对于具弱层理盘地层,沿不同钻井方向岩石强度差异较大;沿弱层理面地层容易发生水化膨胀,且往往微裂缝发育,井壁容易失稳,因此应采用高抑制钻井液体系或油基钻井液。在复杂地层钻井过程中,以上各单因素相伴而生,进行各单因素耦合条件下井壁稳定性分析对合理制定应对策略具有重要意义。加强考虑地层各向异性井壁稳定性基础理论、数值模拟及基于三维可视化建模的近实时井壁稳定动态模拟预测研究是该研究在未来的主要发展方向。  相似文献   

Inverse upscaling of hydraulic parameters during constant flux infiltration using borehole radar     

Dale F. Rucker 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(2):215-226

Modeling unsaturated flow in porous media requires constitutive relations that describe the soil water retention and soil hydraulic conductivity as a function of either potential or water content. Often, the hydraulic parameters that describe these relations are directly measured on small soil cores, and many cores are needed to upscale to the entire heterogeneous flow field. An alternative to the forward upscaling method using small samples are inverse upscaling methods that incorporate soft data from geophysical measurements observed directly on the larger flow field. In this paper, we demonstrate that the hydraulic parameters can be obtained from cross borehole ground penetrating radar by measuring the first arrival travel time of electromagnetic waves (represented by raypaths) from stationary antennae during a constant flux infiltration experiment. The formulation and coupling of the hydrological and geophysical models rely on a constant velocity wetting front that causes critical refraction at the edge of the front as it passes by the antennae. During this critical refraction period, the slope of the first arrival data can be used to calculate (1) the wetting velocity and (2) the hydraulic conductivity of the wet (or saturated) soil. If the soil is undersaturated during infiltration, then an estimate of the saturated water content is needed before calculating the saturated hydraulic conductivity. The hydraulic conductivity value is then used in a nonlinear global optimization scheme to estimate the remaining two parameters of a Broadbridge and White soil.  相似文献   

Warming permafrost in European mountains   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Charles Harris  Daniel Vonder Mühll  Ketil Isaksen  Wilfried Haeberli  Johan Ludvig Sollid  Lorenz King  Per Holmlund  Francesco Dramis  Mauro Guglielmin  David Palacios 《Global and Planetary Change》2003,39(3-4):215-225

Here we present the first systematic measurements of European mountain permafrost temperatures from a latitudinal transect of six boreholes extending from the Alps, through Scandinavia to Svalbard. Boreholes were drilled in bedrock to depths of at least 100 m between May 1998 and September 2000. Geothermal profiles provide evidence for regional-scale secular warming, since all are nonlinear, with near-surface warm-side temperature deviations from the deeper thermal gradient. Topographic effects lead to variability between Alpine sites. First approximation estimates, based on curvature within the borehole thermal profiles, indicate a maximum ground surface warming of +1 °C in Svalbard, considered to relate to thermal changes in the last 100 years. In addition, a 15-year time series of thermal data from the 58-m-deep Murtèl–Corvatsch permafrost borehole in Switzerland, drilled in creeping frozen ice-rich rock debris, shows an overall warming trend, but with high-amplitude interannual fluctuations that reflect early winter snow cover more strongly than air temperatures. Thus interpretation of the deeper borehole thermal histories must clearly take account of the potential effects of changing snow cover in addition to atmospheric temperatures.  相似文献   

江苏省测震台网井下地震计方位角检测     

宫杰  张朋  张扬  张敏  王佳  居海华 《震灾防御技术》2022,17(1):181-187

为获取江苏省测震台网井下地震计精确方位角,架设地面参考地震计,将其精确指北,并与井下地震计检测结果进行对比,利用相关分析法计算22个深井台站精度较高的方位角。研究结果表明,受多因素制约,井下地震计检测结果普遍偏差较大,部分台站水平向分量几乎反向,如提井,需重新进行方位角检测;地面与井下地震计同频带有利于提高相关性,从而获取高精度检测结果;利用不同频带地震计进行井下地震计方位角检测时,对较宽频带地震计进行仿真处理尤为重要;溧阳2台站新建井下地震计检测结果表明相关分析法可应用于井下地震计方位角检测;尽可能选择台基噪声功率谱密度曲线具有明显波峰频段作为滤波频段,有利于提高地面与井下地震计观测数据相关性,提高方位角检测精度。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯北缘断裂托克托段晚第四纪活动特征     

刘华国  贾启超  龚飞 《震灾防御技术》2022,17(2):242-251

鄂尔多斯北缘断裂作为河套断陷带和鄂尔多斯地块的边界断裂,研究其晚第四纪活动特征,对于科学评价黄河流域内蒙古河套段的地震危险性具有重要意义。本文利用野外地质调查、微地貌测量、浅层人工地震勘探及钻孔联合剖面探测相结合的方法,综合地层年代样品测试结果,确定了该断裂托克托段的准确位置和最新活动特征。研究结果表明,鄂尔多斯北缘断裂托克托段沿线构造地貌不发育,推测断裂的最新活动可能尚未达到地表,地表的地貌陡坎应为河流侵蚀成因。断裂在深、浅地震反射剖面上表现为“Ｙ”字形的张性断裂系,主断裂倾向北,分支断裂倾向南,整体上陡下缓,具有多个地堑式分布的特点。跨断裂钻孔联合剖面上显示,单个分支断裂的同震垂直位移量为2～2.5 m,最新活动时代为43.5～70 ka。鄂尔多斯北缘断裂是一条晚更新世活动的深大断裂,具有一定的地震危险性。  相似文献   

强剩磁强退磁条件下的二维井中磁测反演   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘双  冯杰  高文利  邱礼泉  刘天佑  胡祥云 《地球物理学报》2013,56(12):4297-4309

强剩磁、强退磁改变了总磁化强度的大小和方向,给磁测资料解释带来困难.为此,本文利用二维井中磁测数据反演磁化强度矢量的二维分布.首先利用井中磁测的磁异常模量反演磁化强度大小的分布.然后,在已知磁化强度大小分布的前提下,拟合磁场分量,反演磁化强度方向的分布.其中,磁化强度大小和方向均用共轭梯度法求解,并通过预优矩阵改善磁化强度大小的反演效果.理论模拟说明,该方法能准确获得磁化强度矢量分布.磁化强度矢量反演结果包括感磁、剩磁及退磁的影响,这为研究强剩磁、高磁化率矿床提供了一种有效方法.  相似文献   

利用非平衡态温度测井数据估算地温梯度          下载免费PDF全文

王力峰  陆敬安  沙志彬  梁金强 《地质科学》2014,(3):864-873

掌握真实地温梯度对于深入了解易受温压场控制的天然气水合物赋存状态具有重要意义。在南海天然气水合物钻探区获取的地温梯度主要以海底表层的热流探针方式为主,由于海底表层尚未压实,地层物理属性多呈现高渗透性,易受到海底底流影响,导致了部分地温梯度无法推算到较深地层。而另一方面,井下原位温度测量虽然可获取真实的地温梯度,但其经济成本昂贵并且时效性低。为此本研究依据天然气水合物钻探井位单一非平衡态温度测井数据和钻井进程,在前人的数学模型基础上,尝试现场快速恢复地层地温梯度的操作,并利用有限的原位地温梯度进行对比分析。研究结果表明,该方法在一定程度上具有适用性,当测井温度变化率在较均匀层段（例如A-B段）,根据测井进程可大致估算具有参考意义的原始地温梯度。但应用该方法时也须谨慎,避免使用测井温度变化率在非均匀的数据段（例如B-C段）,因为模型中受到数学条件而忽略的多种不确定因素的权重,在外部参数环境波动较大时有可能增加,从而减弱了模拟过程中时间因子的主要作用量。  相似文献   

Identification of non-linear and non-stationary soil properties during the 1995 Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake     

A. Mikami  T. Sawada  T. Ekawa 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2003,23(4):279

An extended Kalman filter algorithm with local iteration is presented for the identification of non-linear and non-stationary soil properties. Borehole-array strong motions were recorded at a liquefied site during the 1995 Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake. In this study, a modified Kalman filtering method in which the extended Kalman filter is iteratively used at every local time-step to track rapid parameter changes is proposed. The method is then applied to the instrumented soil layer, which is modeled by an equivalent linear model. An identification of non-linear and non-stationary soil properties was conducted successfully; and non-linear restoring force–displacement relationships including progression with time were obtained.  相似文献   

库尔勒地震台钻孔应变阶变异常的识别分析     

高丽娟  杨又陵  邢喜民 《内陆地震》2013,(3):270-275

通过对新疆库尔勒台钻孔应变出现的阶变异常进行统计,将它和周边300 km范围内MS≥5.0地震对应,分析映震效果,又将阶变异常和辅助观测水位对比分析.分析结果表明,阶变异常一定程度上和水位关系密切,地震的前兆意义不明显.  相似文献   

The Southward Extension of Cathaysia Block: Evidence from Zircon UPb Dates of Borehole Volcanics in the Northern South China Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

XU Changhai  QUE Xiaoming  SHI Hesheng  ZHOU Zuyi  MA Changqian 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(5):1370-1386

Five Paleogene volcanics sampled from the northern South China Sea were analyzed via LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating,including basalt and andesite from Borehole SCSV1 and volcanic agglomerate from Borehole SCSV2,respectively.A total of 162 zircon U-Pb dates for them cover an age range from Neoarchean to Eocene,in which the pre-Paleocene data dominate.The Paleogene dates of 62.5±2.2 Ma and 42.1±2.9 Ma are associated with two igneous episodes prior to opening of South China Sea basin.Those pre-Paleocene zircons are inherited zircons mostly with magmatogenic oscillatory zones,and have REE features of crustal zircon.Zircon U-Pb dates of 2518–2481 Ma,1933– 1724 Ma,and 1094–1040 Ma from the SCSV1 volcanics,and 2810–2718 Ma,2458–2421 Ma,and 1850 –993.4 Ma from the SCSV2 volcanics reveal part of Precambrian evolution of the northern South China Sea,well comparable with age records dated from the Cathaysia block.The data of 927.0±6.9 Ma and 781±38 Ma dated from the SCSV2 coincide with amalgamation between Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks and breakup of the Rodinia,respectively.The age records of Caledonian orogeny from the Cathaysia block are widely found from our volcanic samples with concordant mean ages of 432.0±5.8 Ma from the SCSV1 and of 437±15 Ma from the SCSV2.The part of the northern South China Sea resembling the Cathaysia underwent Indosinian and Yanshannian tectonothermal events.Their age signatures from the SCSV1 cover 266.5±3.5 Ma,241.1±6.0 Ma,184.0±4.2 Ma,160.9±4.2 Ma and 102.8±2.6 Ma,and from the SCSV2 are 244±15 Ma,158.1±3.5 Ma,141±13 Ma and 96.3±2.1 Ma.Our pre-Paleogene U-Pb age spectra of zircons from the borehole volcanics indicate that the northern South China Sea underwent an evolution from formation of Precambrian basement,Caledonian orogeny,and Indosinian orogeny to Yanshannian magmatism.This process can be well comparable with the tectonic evolution of South China,largely supporting the areas of the northern South China Sea as part of southward extension of the Cathaysia.  相似文献