Borehole pressures in an air decked situation     

W. L. Fourney  S. Bihr  U. Leiste 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2006,10(1):47-60

In the late 1970s and early 1980s in conjunction with other oil and gas well stimulation studies, personnel from the Dynamic Effects Laboratory performed model testing to demonstrate the effectiveness of utilizing an open section of borehole just before a plug. We called the process stem induced fracturing. The open section beneath the stem was used to increase the pressure magnitude and spread out the duration of the pressure pulse. This technique was later utilized by Frank Chiapetta [Chiappetta, R.F. and Mammele, M.E., 1987, Analytical high-speed photography to evaluate air decks, stemming retention and gas confinement in pre-splitting, reclamation and gross motion applications. Proceedings of 2nd International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, Keystone, Colorado, USA, 257 - 309] in the fracture and fragmentation of rock in quarry blasting situations. He called his technique air deck blasting. In fact, Frank found that the Russians had previously discovered the same technique. There is currently interest in utilizing the same technique with an open hole beneath the explosive at the bottom of the bore hole to better remove the toe in a fragmentation shot. This paper reviews the development of stem induced fracturing and describes a series of model tests conducted to measure borehole pressure at points along a borehole when an explosive charge is detonated at the midpoint of the borehole. Tests were conducted in both stiff boreholes (aluminum) and less rigid boreholes (PMMA). Pressure time profiles were measured at the charge site, midway between the charge and the bottom of the hole, at the stemming at the top of the borehole, and at the bottom of the borehole. Crack initiation sites and crack propagation were also determined in the PMMA models. Some high speed pictures were taken of the event in the PMMA.  相似文献   

Flowpath structure in a limestone aquifer: multi-borehole logging investigations at the hydrogeological experimental site of Poitiers, France   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

O. Audouin  J. Bodin  G. Porel  B. Bourbiaux 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(5):939-950

Since 2002, a new hydrogeological experimental site (HES) has been developed in Poitiers, France. The overall research objective related to this site is to improve the understanding of flow and solute transport in carbonate aquifers. The benchmarking of various types of numerical models against the HES field data is one of the main research projects supported by three national scientific programs. Within this framework, the purpose of this report is to synthesize existing knowledge about both aquifer geology and flowpath structure, based on core analysis and well logging. The combined use of core-hole data, borehole logs and outcrop data provide valuable information about lithostratigraphy and fracturing. The comparison of flow-meter data with borehole images indicates that flowpaths in the HES aquifer are strongly constrained within (1) subhorizontal karstic structures and (2) subvertical fractures. The presence of karstic levels appears to be conditioned by the stratigraphy and are unevenly developed in the HES. The vertical interconnectivity between the three karstic levels seems to result from fractures occurrence in this limestone formation. Following the observations, data and interpretations, a conceptual model of the Dogger aquifer is proposed.

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Résumé  La vocation première du Site Expérimental Hydrogéologique (SEH) de Poitiers, France, est de fournir des données pertinentes-y compris des chroniques ou expériences long terme-pour la caractérisation, la quantification et la modélisation des transferts d’eau et de solutés dans les aquifères carbonatés. Depuis 2002, les investigations menées sur le SEH ont permis de recueillir une importante quantité de données concernant un aquifère calcaire captif de 100 m d’épaisseur. Ces données servent actuellement de support à un exercice de modélisation comparée (benchmark) soutenu par trois programmes scientifiques nationaux. Dans le cadre de ce projet, l’objectif ici est de synthétiser les connaissances actuelles relatives à la géologie et la structure des écoulements dans l’aquifère du Dogger. La structure lithostratigraphique et la fracturation de l’aquifère sont analysées à partir des carottes de forages, des affleurements, et des diagraphies de puits. L’analyse croisée des données de débitmétrie verticale et des imageries de parois des forages indique que les écoulements sont principalement associés à des structures karstiques subhorizontales et des fractures subverticales. Les niveaux karstiques sont irrégulièrement répartis sur le SEH mais apparaissent fortement corrélés avec des niveaux stratigraphiques précis. La connectivité hydraulique des différents niveaux karstiques semble liée à la fracturation des calcaires.

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Resumen  Desde 2002, se desarrolló en Potiers, Francia, un sitio experimental hidrogeológico (SEH). El objetivo general de la investigación relacionada a este sitio es mejorar el entendimiento del flujo y transporte de solutos en acuíferos calcáreos. El punto de referencia de varios tipos de modelos numéricos utilizando los datos del SEH es uno de los principales proyectos de investigación financiados por tres programas científicos nacionales. Dentro de este marco, el propósito de este reporte es sintetizar el conocimiento existente tanto acerca de la geología como de la estructura de los caminos de flujo, basado en el análisis de testigos y perfiles de pozos. El uso combinado de testigos, perfiles de pozos e datos de afloramientos provee información valiosa acerca de la litoestratigrafía y el fracturamiento. La comparación de datos de medidores de flujo con imágenes de pozos indica que los caminos de flujo en el acuífero del SEH están fuertemente condicionados por (1) estructuras cársticas subhorizontales, y (2) fracturas subverticales. La presencia de niveles cársticos pareciera estar condicionada por la estratigrafía y estar desarrollada en forma no igualmente distribuida dentro del SHE. La interconectividad vertical entre tres niveles cársticos sería el resultado de la ocurrencia de fracturas en la formación de las calizas. En base a las observaciones, los datos e interpretaciones, se propone un modelo conceptual del acuífero Dogger.

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裸眼井声波全波测井中纵波和斯通利波的数值研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

张金钟 《地球物理学报》1987,30(3):323-329

本文利用射线展开理论、割线积分技术及留数定理,研究了裸眼井声波全波测井中纵波和斯通利波的性质。下面简要说明数值计算方法。 计算方法 考虑在无限大均匀地层中,有一充满流体的深井。在井轴上放一点状声源,则在井轴上离声源距离为z处的声压为  相似文献   

A meshless method for axisymmetric problems in continuously nonhomogeneous saturated porous media     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

A meshless method based on the local Petrov–Galerkin approach is proposed to analyze 3-d axisymmetric problems in porous functionally graded materials. Constitutive equations for porous materials possess a coupling between mechanical displacements for solid and fluid phases. The work is based on the u–u formulation and the incognita fields of the coupled analysis in focus are the solid skeleton displacements and the fluid displacements. Independent spatial discretization is considered for each phase of the model, rendering a more flexible and efficient methodology. Both displacements are approximated by the moving least-squares (MLS) scheme. The paper presents in the first time a general meshless method for the numerical analysis of axisymmetric problems in continuously nonhomogeneous saturated porous media. Numerical results are given for boreholes in continuously nonhomogeneous porous medium with prescribed misfit and exponential variation of material parameters in the excavation zone.  相似文献   

Poromechanical response of borehole in excavation disturbed zone     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

This paper presents time-dependent response of a cylindrical borehole in a poroelastic medium with an excavation disturbed zone. The general solutions are derived based on Biot’s theory of poroelasticity by employing Laplace and Fourier transforms. Both shear modulus and permeability coefficient are assumed to be changed from their original values in the disturbed zone. The general solutions are employed to formulate boundary value problems corresponding to a borehole subjected to axisymmetric loading applied at its surface, and contact problems of a rigid cylindrical plug in a borehole. Selected numerical results are presented to portray the influence of poroelastic effects and the excavation disturbed zone.  相似文献   

乌东德水电站坝址区河床深厚覆盖层组成与结构地质勘察研究     

李会中  郝文忠  潘玉珍  杨静  肖云华  谢实宇 《工程地质学报》2014,22(5):944-950

河床深厚覆盖层勘探取样与试验研究是我国西部水电工程勘察中最常见技术难题之一。金沙江乌东德水电站坝址区河床覆盖层厚度较大、成因多样、组成混杂、结构不均,高围堰与深基坑稳定问题突出。为此,作者所在单位开展了专题研究工作,在勘探取样技术与原位测试方法上进行了探索与创新为获得原状样而专门研制了单管与双管内筒式锤击取样器,为弥补钻探取样之不足而将可视化技术(如钻孔数字彩电、孔间电磁波CT)与常规物探方法(如地震法勘探、钻孔声波测试)相结合创新性开展原位测试,全面查明了河床覆盖层的组成及结构,开辟了河床深厚覆盖层地质勘察研究的新途径,不仅为河床深厚覆盖层工程特性室内试验研究提供了前提,而且为高围堰与深基坑稳定问题地质分析、工程评价及设计处理提供了充分可靠的地质依据,可为类似工程地质勘察研究所借鉴。  相似文献   

Borehole image-based evaluation of coral reef porosity distribution characteristics     

Jin-chao Wang  Chang-qi Zhu  Sheng Hu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(7):1008-1017

In this study, we used digital borehole image camera to obtain images of porosity distribution in coral reefs in South China Sea, and developed an effective evaluation system for such distributions. First, the original images are preprocessed, allowing the pore regions to be automatically detected. The depth and sectional functions are established to measure five parameters: pore count, pore radius, radius concentration rate, total pore area ratio, and fractal dimension count. These are used to calculate the characteristic values of porosity distributions, and their fuzzy relationships are used to build the evaluation model, determine the Hamming distances between distributions, and establish the relationships between the characteristics and coral rock classifications. Test results from applying the method on a deep borehole image segment show the results to be consistent with other methods, and the following conclusions can be reached: (1) the porosity evaluation model is a viable way to analyze porosity distribution characteristics; (2) the resulting classification method is viable; and (3) porosity distribution analysis on coral reefs has important implications.  相似文献   

岩性扫描测井解释评价方法及其地质应用     

苏洋  赖锦  赵飞  别康  李栋  黄玉越  张有鹏  王贵文 《地质论评》2024,70(2):2024020023-2024020023

作为新兴的测井仪器,岩性扫描测井（LithoScanner）通过获取地层元素含量,进一步获得地层矿物含量,帮助地质学家解决复杂岩性识别等地质学难题。为了充分推广其在地质学领域的应用, 笔者等对岩性扫描测井的原理和解释处理流程进行梳理,并对应用过程中出现的典型案例进行分析。LithoScanner测井可直接获取地层岩性特征,帮助识别地层界面,并实现页岩等复杂岩性、岩相的准确识别。而脆性矿物含量、有机碳含量等也可被LithoScanner测井准确获取,从而计算地层中的脆性指数和有机碳的含量。LithoScanner测井可以探测黄铁矿、煤层等特殊矿物组分,因此可以辅助核磁共振测井资料解释评价。最后指出LithoScanner测井与相应的岩芯和实验数据进行比对,提高LithoScanner测井的可靠性。研究有助于将LithoScanner测井中蕴含的大量地质信息进行挖掘与解读,并消除该资料应用中的一些误区,从而推广LithoScanner测井应用领域。  相似文献   

A back analysis scheme for refined soil stratification based on integrating borehole and CPT data     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2024,15(1):101688

Utilizing both borehole and Cone Penetration Testing (CPT) data in soil stratification helps to get more convincing soil stratification results. However, the soil classification results revealed by borehole (Unified Soil Classification System, USCS) and CPT tests (soil behavior type, SBT) are commonly not consistent. This study proposes a feasible solution to integrate the borehole and CPT data with the tree-based method. The tree-based method is naturally suitable for soil stratification tasks as it aims to divide the subsurface space into several clusters based on the similarities of the soil types. A novel boundary dictionary method is proposed to enhance the model performance on complex soil layer conditions. A probabilistic mapping matrix between the USCS-SBT system is built based on a collected municipal database with collocated borehole and CPT data. The optimal soil stratification results can be selected based on considering multiple borehole information and pruning the structure of trees. The structure of the trees can be optimized in a back analysis perspective with the Sequential Model-Based Global Optimization (SMBO) algorithm which aims to maximize the possibility of observing the borehole information based on the USCS-SBT probabilistic mapping matrix. The uncertainties of the optimal soil stratification results can be estimated based on a weighted Gini index method. The performance of the proposed method is validated based on a real case in New Zealand with a cross-validation method. The results indicate that the proposed method is robust and effective.  相似文献   

Predicting the excavation damaged zone within brittle surrounding rock masses of deep underground caverns using a comprehensive approach integrating in situ measurements and numerical analysis     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(2):101273

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