Catalyzed Reactions on Mineral Plaster Materials Used for Indoor Air Purification     

Jan Gunschera  Doreen Markewitz  Ulrich Koberski  Tunga Salthammer 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(5):437-446

Zeolites have been used for a long time for purification and catalytical purposes. Recently, first products appeared on the market using zeolites also for improving the indoor air quality so far volatile organic compounds (VOC) are concerned. However, porous compounds like zeolites can be found also in plaster material. Therefore, it was manifest to evaluate the capability of plaster with regard to air cleaning. In this article, the contribution of plaster compounds toward adsorption and catalytical decomposition of VOCs is evaluated using α‐pinene, chlorobenzene, 2‐ethoxyethylacetate, and pentanal as target substances under standard conditions (23°C, 50% r.H.). These compounds were chosen because of their VOC typical physicochemical properties like molecular dimensions, density, boiling point, vapor pressure, and octanol–water distribution coefficient (logk_ow). Hydrated lime and metakaolin were found out to have good adsorption properties under these circumstances. Also natural zeolites showed good results especially on pentanal. By investigations in environmental chambers the reduction potential of test plasters on chlorobenzene and 2‐ethoxyethylacetate concentrations could be shown. Application of coatings had no or only temporary influence on the performance of the plaster. Additional tests in small chambers demonstrated the possibility to improve the properties of plasters with help of FAU‐ or MFI‐type zeolites but the experiments also showed that α‐pinene and pentanal undergo chemical reactions. Further effort should be made on investigations also toward other compounds, especially more volatile ones like formaldehyde. Also additional building materials like insulation material or boards should be taken into account.  相似文献   

The use of local stone in the buildings of the Isle of Wight     

G.K. Lott 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(5):923-932

The charm of the Isle of Wight, so much appreciated by visitors and the local population alike, is very much a combination of its delightful scenery and unique assemblage of vernacular buildings. These buildings range from isolated farmhouses to elaborate manor houses, castles and churches all constructed using the indigenous stone resources of the island. Today, these stone buildings, many of which date back to medieval times, are increasingly in need of conservation repair to maintain them for future generations. Essential to such conservation work is the safeguarding of the island's indigenous building stone sources as many of the stones used are unique to the island and no longer quarried. Protecting these stone sources could also provide stone for new building projects which would help to further enhance the character of the island's towns and villages.  相似文献   

Interaction of Tectonic and Surface Geological Processes     

Paul T. Robinson Department of Earth Sciences  Dalhousie University  Canada 《Continental Dynamics》2000,(1)

1. Introduction to surface processesThe shape or morphology of Earth's surface is basically the result of the interplay between two competing forces - mountain building and erosion. Tectonic forces, driven by thermal energy from Earth's interior, cause the rocks of the crust to be folded, faulted and uplifted into high plateaus and mountain belts. As soon as uplift begins, the processes of erosion, driven by gravity, start to wear away the rocks. Masses of weathered rock move downhill under t…  相似文献   

Building vibrations and dynamic pavement loads induced by transit buses     

O. Hunaidi  W. Guan  J. Nicks 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2000,19(6):547

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bus suspension systems on building vibrations and dynamic pavement loads. Building vibrations and pavement loads induced by two instrumented buses having different characteristics were measured simultaneously under controlled field conditions. Field tests were performed at several vehicle speeds, normal and reduced tire pressures, and with roads having good surface condition as well as abrupt surface irregularities. Tests were carried out at two vibration complaint sites in Montréal. The level and frequency content of vibrations and loads induced by the two buses were evaluated and compared. The results show that the dynamic component of pavement loads induced by the two buses were significantly different but the difference in building vibration levels was not as significant.  相似文献   

Ground vibrations from sheetpile driving in urban environment: measurements, analysis and effects on buildings and occupants     

G. A. Athanasopoulos  P. C. Pelekis 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2000,19(5)

Following a comprehensive review of the subject of man-made ground vibrations, measurements of ground vibration caused by vibratory sheetpile driving in recent soil deposits are reported in terms of particle velocities vs. distance from the source of vibration. The measurements were conducted on paved surfaces and sidewalks in the inner urban environment. Reconstructed particle displacement paths indicated, predominantly, vertical vibrations of the Rayleigh type. The attenuation rate of vibrations with distance was compared to published results of other studies and satisfactory agreement was found to exist. Values of particle velocity measured in this study, however, were lower than corresponding values of other studies under comparable values of rated vibratory kinetic energy. This is possibly due to different soil conditions. Average and upper bound linear log–log attenuation relationships are proposed, which fit the results of measurements and are representative of the conditions likely to be encountered in the urban environment. Measurement of vibrations on higher floors of multistory reinforced concrete buildings indicated a significant amplification of vertical vibration and an average curve for amplification magnitude vs. floor level was fitted to the results of measurements. A comparison of measured values of vibration with the observed performance of buildings and with damage threshold values suggested by existing codes and standards indicated that the latter do not provide safety against damage caused by vibratory densification of loose sandy soils. On the other hand, the existing criteria for human exposure to vibrations in buildings, according to the results of this study, seem to adequately define the degrees of human discomfort.  相似文献   

建筑物风化与地貌学研究     

朱立平 《地理科学进展》1997,16(1):62-70

岩石风化是地貌学研究的重要内容，但对其机制的研究也可应用于建筑物风化及其抗蚀性的领域。本文从岩石风化研究的角度出发，参考了大量建筑物风化研究的有关文献，认为建筑物风化研究的思想和实践对地貌学的风化理论研究有重要的借鉴意义。同时认为，在环境污染日益严重的今天，岩石风化研究不应该仅仅局限于地貌学理论与地貌演化领域，也应涉及建筑物风化研究的应用领域。  相似文献   

BIM与GIS集成的建筑物间距规划审批方法     

彭雷  汤圣君  刘铭崴  李佩瑶  朱庆  郭晗 《地理信息世界》2016,(2):32-37

建筑物间距规划方案审批是工程质量管理中的重要步骤,传统的规划审批方案以二维CAD线划数据为基础,其在数据完整性和可视化表达方面存在明显的局限性。BIM丰富的几何语义信息和3D GIS良好的数据管理与可视化分析能力为建筑规划审批提供了更为可靠的解决方案。本文设计实现了将典型BIM数据(revit数据格式)几何及其语义集成到3D GIS的技术方案,并开发了BIM与GIS集成的建筑间距自动化审批功能,为三维环境下建筑规划审批提供了更有效与可靠的技术支撑。  相似文献   

云南省城镇上山压力指标体系测算与分析     

许明军  杨子生 《地域研究与开发》2016,(1)

在提出城镇上山压力概念的同时构建了城镇上山压力指标体系,并进一步运用层次分析法、德尔菲法和综合模糊评价法测算和分析了2020年云南各州(市)的压力等级。研究结果表明:1由于耕地资源、人口、经济发展水平、农村社会发展不同,云南省城镇上山压力存在明显的空间非均衡性;2将云南城镇上山压力分为4个等级:Ⅰ等超高压主要位于滇中中部地区,Ⅱ等高压主要分布于滇中西部和东部、滇东南西部以及滇西南南部,Ⅲ等中压主要分布于滇中中部、滇西南大部分地区、滇西北的东部地区和滇东北北部,Ⅳ等低压主要分布于滇东南的东部和滇西北的西北部;3通过差异化的上山政策可以缩小城镇上山压力的非均衡性差距,云南省未来城镇上山的重点区域主要集中在滇中中东部、滇东南西部以及滇西南南部。  相似文献   

建筑结构基础隔震技术的研究和应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陆鸣  田学民  王笃国  李丽媛 《震灾防御技术》2006,1(1):31-38

本文介绍了建筑结构基础隔震基本原理、隔震系统分类、隔震技术进展、隔震设计一般流程、隔震相关专著、隔震规范和应用软件,并提出隔震技术推广中有待解决的几个问题。  相似文献   

Comparative analysis of coatings on granitic substrates from urban and natural settings (NW Spain)     

Jorge Sanjurjo-Sánchez  Juan Ramón Vidal RomaníCarlos Alves 《Geomorphology》2012,138(1):231-242

Rock coatings are frequent on natural rock outcrops and even more on stone surfaces of historical buildings and monuments. They are interesting as some of them have a protective effect against erosion. In the last 30 years, research on rock coatings has been performed separately on either buildings or natural outcrops. This paper studies and compares thin coatings found on granitic rock surfaces of historical buildings with coatings found on natural granite outcrops in a same climatic area (NW Spain) by analysing their surface and cross-sections. As rock surfaces of buildings have known age they can be used to assess rates of weathering and coating growth. This is the first comparative study of formation of coatings on natural and built surfaces in the same region. Both endogenous (rock characteristics) and exogenous factors (climatic conditions, air pollution) that could affect the coatings formation are considered to assess the origin and formation of coatings. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analyses of the underlying rocks, XRD analyses of the coatings and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations of surface and cross-sections of the coatings, performing Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray maps, were carried out to establish their composition. Fieldwork and results indicate that natural outcrops are widely covered by biological coatings or coatings formed due to rock weathering, while coatings found on rock ashlars are highly variable with air pollution, other building materials, organic droppings and micro-environmental factors contributing to coatings on rock ashlars in a more significant way than substrate characteristics and exposure time.  相似文献