Resistant biomacromolecules in marine microalgae of the classes Eustigmatophyceae and Chlorophyceae: Geochemical implications     

Franois Gelin  Ilco Boogers  Anna A. M. Noordeloos  Jaap S. Sinninghe Damste  Roel Riegman  Jan W. De Leeuw 《Organic Geochemistry》1997,26(11-12)

Non-hydrolysable macromolecular constituents (i.e. algaenans) were isolated from two out of seven marine microalgae investigated. Nannochloropsis salina and Nannochloropsis sp. from the class of Eustigmatophyceae produce highly aliphatic algaenans. Flash pyrolysis and chemical degradations with HI and RuO₄ allowed for the identification of their chemical structure, which is mainly composed of polyether-linked long-chain (up to C₃₆) n-alkyl units. The building blocks of this polymer were also recognized in lipid fractions. The green microalgae (Chlorophyceae) Chlorella spaerckii, Chlorococcum sp. and Nannochloris sp. were earlier thought to biosynthesize algaenans comprising aliphatic and/or aromatic moieties. However, a new isolation method utilizing trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) prior to the other hydrolyses revealed that the macromolecular material isolated from these three chlorophytes was either hydrolysable with TFA or artefacts from the former method. Similar to algaenans from fresh water green microalgae, the aliphatic eustigmatophyte algaenans are likely to be selectively preserved in depositional environments and might ultimately serve as source rock organic matter of marine crude oils. Furthermore, they may play an important role in the cycling of carbon.  相似文献   

The changing dietary habits of nineteenth‐century Australian explorers     

William Cooper  Glen McLaren 《The Australian geographer》1997,28(1):97-105

In the first decade of white settlement in New South Wales, ground exploration was limited by the critical shortage of horses and the inability to live off the land. Bush skills were lacking and muskets were extremely inaccurate. Subsequently, the introduction of kangaroo dogs, the willingness to consume even the least appetising animals, and the identification of edible native plants made explorers less dependent on what they could carry. Such skills were to become largely irrelevant after 1840, as fully mounted expeditions began to penetrate the interior, where game was scarce and there was no time for hunting.  相似文献   

The shoreline preservation index as a relative-age dating tool for late pleistocene shorelines: An example from the bonneville basin,U.S.A.     

Dorothy Sack 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1995,20(4):363-377

This paper evaluates the utility of the shoreline preservation index (s.p.i.) for estimating the age of late Pleistocene palaeolake shorelines, the relative influence of various factors on shoreline preservation, and whether shoreline preservation varies significantly with shoreline aspect. Sampled shorelines from the 3300 km² study area, which includes the Skull, Tule and Puddle Valley portions of the Lake Bonneville basin, range in age from approximately 26 to 12 ka. Their total s.p.i. values range from 23 to 69 per cent, average 46 per cent, and do not vary significantly with shoreline aspect. The data from Skull and Tule Valleys, where studied shorelines are of known age, are analysed first in order to determine if there are statistically significant associations between variables representing shoreline preservation, age, degree of geomorphic development and duration of subaerial exposure. Pairwise correlation is then repeated using observations from all three valleys in order to determine how data from the Puddle Valley shorelines, whose hypothesized ages are not supported by radiocarbon analyses, affect the results. Results show that s.p.i. is useful as a relative-age dating tool, that the postulated ages of the Puddle Valley shorelines are ordinally correct, and that geomorphic development is not an important influence on the preservation of these late Pleistocene shorelines. The relative importance of shoreline age and the relative unimportance of duration of subaerial exposure with respect to shoreline preservation suggest that subaqueous processes play a more substantial role in shoreline obliteration than is generally suggested.  相似文献   

燕山地区中、上元古界地层结构与油气保存条件分析     

ZHANG Shou-peng ))  BIAN Xue-mei )  HAO Yun-qing ) ) Basin  Reservoir Research Center  China University of Petroleum  Beijing    ) Geological Scientific Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield Company  SINPEC  Dongying 《地层学杂志》2007,(Z2)

根据对燕山地区地层结构和岩石组成的分析,确定了以洪水庄组、铁岭组暗色泥、页岩(生)—雾迷山组白云岩(储)—洪水庄组泥、页岩(盖),以及铁岭组、下马岭组暗色泥、页岩(生)—铁岭组白云岩(储)—下马岭组泥、页岩(盖)为主的两套生储盖组合。对泥、页岩生烃指标进行了分析,确定了洪水庄组和下马岭组泥、页岩为主的两套烃源岩。结合地质演化过程的分析,认为燕山地区中、上元古界具有很好的含油气远景。  相似文献   

Evaluation of the oil and gas preservation conditions,source rocks,and hydrocarbon-generating potential of the Qiangtang Basin: New evidence from the scientific drilling project     

《China Geology》2023,6(2):187-207

The Qiangtang Basin of the Tibetan Plateau, located in the eastern Tethys tectonic domain, is the largest new marine petroliferous region for exploration in China. The scientific drilling project consisting primarily of well QK-1 and its supporting shallow boreholes for geological surveys (also referred to as the Project) completed in recent years contributes to a series of new discoveries and insights into the oil and gas preservation conditions and source rock evaluation of the Qiangtang Basin. These findings differ from previous views that the Qiangtang Basin has poor oil and gas preservation conditions and lacks high-quality source rocks. As revealed by well QK-1 and its supporting shallow boreholes in the Project, the Qiangtang Basin hosts two sets of high-quality regional seals, namely an anhydrite layer in the Quemo Co Formation and the gypsum-bearing mudstones in the Xiali Formation. Moreover, the Qiangtang Basin has favorable oil and gas preservation conditions, as verified by the comprehensive study of the sealing capacity of seals, basin structure, tectonic uplift, magmatic activity, and groundwater motion. Furthermore, the shallow boreholes have also revealed that the Qiangtang Basin has high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks in the Upper Triassic Bagong Formation, which are thick and widely distributed according to the geological and geophysical data. In addition, the petroleum geological conditions, such as the type, abundance, and thermal evolution of organic matter, indicate that the Qiangtang Basin has great hydrocarbon-generating potential.©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

元素分析在古海水原始信息保存性研究中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

袁桃  伊海生  兰叶芳  蒋艳霞 《地质论评》2018,64(3):584-596

基于古生代海相碳酸盐岩经历了沉积、埋藏、成岩等过程,是否仍然保存了原始古海水的地球化学信息这一长期争论和未解决问题开展了研究与探讨。通过常量元素分析、微量元素和稀土元素分析等手段,对古生代海相碳酸盐岩和钙质泥页岩的ΣREE值、Y/Ho值、Er/Nd值、Mn/Sr值,以及δEu和REE与δCe的相关性等进行了进一步分析研究。结果表明,该地区碳酸盐岩和钙质泥页岩受陆源物质影响较小、成岩蚀变较弱,较好地保存了该时期古海水的原始信息。这为进一步多角度多方法进行不同时期古海水原始信息保存性的综合性研究提供了可靠基础和新的参考。  相似文献   

洞穴遗址保存环境的探测与研究--以桂林甑皮岩遗址为例     

卫敏洁  姜光辉  郭芳 《中国岩溶》2020,39(1):54-61

合理开发、利用并保护洞穴遗址是传承和发扬遗址文化的重要前提。文章以桂林甑皮岩洞穴遗址为例,通过对遗址的探测与监测,在认识遗址水文地质单元和地下水特征的基础上,识别其在保存与开发过程中存在的问题,从而提出保护遗址的可能措施,同时也为类似条件洞穴遗址的保护提供参考。研究结果表明甑皮岩遗址的三个保护区存在的问题各不相同:核心保护区主要面临化学侵蚀的风险;一级保护区现有的保护手段缺乏多样性;二级保护区存在监测力度不够的问题。据此提出以下措施:(1)核心保护区应深入研究地下水和还原环境对文化层侵蚀作用的机制;(2)一级保护区应加强对污水排放的管理,增多保护洞穴遗址的形式和手段;(3)二级保护区应加大对环境指标的监测力度,管控保护区范围内工程的建设。由此扩展到一般性洞穴遗址的保护措施有:建立能够显示环境动态的长期监测体系;采用3S技术建立监测网络并辅助规划决策;规范洞穴遗址的勘查与规划管理;多途径提高洞穴遗址保护的宣传力度和公众的参与乐趣。  相似文献   

Subglacial Preservation of Valley Morphology at Amundsenisen,Western Dronning Maud Land,Antarctica     

Jens-Ove Nslund 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1997,22(5):441-455

On the high altitude polar plateau of Amundsenisen, western Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, a subglacial valley, with a broad horizontal valley floor interpreted as a sediment floodplain or valley delta, was studied by radio echo sounding. In addition, a small, probably glacial, valley was mapped within the same subglacial massif. Basal ice temperatures were calculated using field data on precipitation, air temperature and ice sheet thickness. Discoveries of old landforms which have been preserved more or less intact beneath the former Fennoscandian and Laurentide ice sheets have received increasing attention during the last decade. The aim of this study is to investigate whether preservation of landforms occurs under the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, and to discuss under that climatological and glaciological circumstances preservation may take place. The results show that the ice sheet covering the investigated localities is frozen to bed, and therefore has an insignificant erosional capability. The observations suggest that a large-scale subglacial sediment deposit and a small valley formed by glacial erosion have survived beneath a cold-based ice sheet marginal zone for a long time period. The process of glacial preservation, recognized for bedrock features and tentatively observed for sediment accumulations, should act on similar large-scale landforms under any cold-based ice sheet, present or past. On the basis of existing studies of the age and stability of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, a Middle Pliocene age is suggested for the preserved landforms. The presence of the presumed sediment-filled valley further indicates that no prolonged periods of basal melting have occurred at the Amundsenisen study area during the ice sheet history, which includes the Quaternary glaciation periods. Finally, calculations of basal temperature for localities at different altitudes within the same subglacial massif were used to demonstrate local altitudinal control of glacial preservation. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

论羌塘盆地油气勘探前景   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王剑  付修根  沈利军  谭富文  宋春彦  陈文彬 《地质论评》2020,66(5):1091-1113

羌塘盆地与中东油气区同属于特提斯构造域,是我国陆上新区面积最大的海相盆地。近20年来,我国油气地质工作者在条件极其艰苦的藏北高原开展了系统的油气地质调查和研究工作,完成了从含油气盆地分析到资源潜力评价、战略选区、靶区预测、井位论证及实施科探井的全过程,获得了一系列新发现和新认识,提出了羌塘盆地是我国最有希望取得突破的油气勘探新区。但是,对上述认识也还存在不同的看法,特别是对油气保存条件和盆地生烃潜力,还存在“好”与“不好”两种截然不同的观点。本文根据最近完成的羌塘盆地科探井工程（羌科 1井）及其配套的地质—地球物理工作所取得的最新资料,结合近20年来羌塘盆地油气地质调查所取得的成果,重点围绕烃源岩与保存条件这两个方面,对羌塘盆地油气地质特征进行论述,力求客观、准确评价羌塘盆地油气保存条件,同时分析、预测了盆地生烃潜力及油气远景,并提出下一步油气勘探建议,以期持续推进羌塘盆地未来油气勘探工作,早日实现盆地油气勘探重大突破。  相似文献   

徐家围子断陷不同储量丰度气藏形成条件的定量研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

付广  庞磊 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2009,39(6):976-982

为了定量研究徐家围子断陷不同储量丰度气藏形成条件,利用气藏解剖和成藏条件时空匹配关系对该断陷气藏形成的主控因素、形成条件和储量丰度进行了研究,得到源岩供气能力、断裂输导天然气能力和封盖保存能力是气藏形成的3个主控因素。沙河子组源岩供气能力以较好和差为主,断裂输导天然气能力以好为主,封盖保存能力也以好为主。气藏形成条件综合评价以中等气藏为最多,其次是形成条件为好的气藏,差形成条件的气藏最少。气藏以中等储量丰度为主,高和低储量丰度气藏较少;二者之间为正比关系。要形成高储量丰度的气藏,气藏形成条件综合评价应为好等级;要形成中等储量丰度的气藏,气藏形成条件综合评价应为中等等级。  相似文献