The application of the transient electromagnetic method in hydrogeophysical surveys   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jens E. Danielsen  Esben Auken  Flemming Jrgensen  Verner Sndergaard  Kurt I. Srensen 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2003,53(4):181

The transient electromagnetic (TEM) method has been used extensively for hydrogeophysical exploration in Denmark for the past decade. Innovative instrumentation combined with multi-dimensional modelling and interpretational insights based on experience gained through numerous case studies have proven to be a successful strategy. In the case study reported here, the combination revealed an unknown and unexpected buried valley complex. Drill hole data were in good agreement with estimates of both the bearings and depths of valleys defined by the TEM surveys. The Pulled Array Transient Electromagnetic (PATEM) system was built to provide high data density for increased lateral resolution. A High moment Transient Electromagnetic (HiTEM) system was developed for delineation of aquifers to depths up to 300 m. Because both of these systems provide high data density, data quality can be assessed as part of the interpretational strategy. When acquiring TEM measurements in areas as densely populated as the Danish countryside, precautions must be taken to minimize coupling between the TEM system and man-made conductors. Modelling the slope of the flanks of buried valleys has challenged the adequacy of the one-dimensional (1-D) assumption for inversion of TEM data. The study shows that for a valley structure in a low-resistive layer, the 1-D assumption is sufficient to track the presence of rather steep slopes. For a valley structure in a high-resistive layer, however, the insensitivity of the TEM method to resistors makes it difficult to determine a slope with a 1-D inversion, and only the overall structure is defined.  相似文献   

Geophysical investigation of buried Pleistocene subglacial valleys in Northern Germany   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gerald Gabriel  Reinhard Kirsch  Bernhard Siemon  Helga Wiederhold 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2003,53(4):159

Buried Pleistocene subglacial valleys are extensively used as groundwater reservoirs by waterworks in northern Germany, although little is known about the locations and size of these valleys and the internal structure of the sediment fill. This lack of knowledge about important groundwater reservoirs is a challenge for geophysics.This paper summarizes the geophysical investigation of two buried Pleistocene subglacial valleys in northern Germany—the Ellerbeker Rinne and the Bremerhaven–Cuxhavener Rinne—including seismic, gravity, and airborne electromagnetic (AEM) surveys. Seismic sections show the detailed structure of the paleovalleys. The reliability of interpretation is enhanced by vertical seismic profiles in wells. The maximum depths of the Ellerbeker Rinne and the Bremerhaven–Cuxhavener Rinne were found to be 360 and about 400 m, respectively. Gravity survey revealed Bouguer anomalies above the sediment fill of both buried valleys. The Ellerbeker Rinne produces a negative residual anomaly of −0.5 mGal, whereas the sediments of the Bremerhaven–Cuxhavener Rinne produce a positive anomaly. The latter one is superimposed by negative gravity anomalies due to near-surface structures. The Bremerhaven–Cuxhavener Rinne can be mapped by airborne electromagnetics at locations without saltwater intrusion, which would affect the measurements. The electrical conductivity of the clay layer at the top of the valley fill differs significantly from that of the surrounding sand. The combined use of these three geophysical methods, which measure different physical parameters, leads to a better understanding of the subsurface geology and the hydrogeology of the Pleistocene subglacial valleys.  相似文献   

岩溶发育垂直分带及其工程地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

熊道馄 《四川地质学报》2004,24(2):95-98

简述了岩溶发育的垂直分带性和岩溶发育的下限深度，概述了不同类型的岩溶发育垂直分带方案，讨论了现有岩溶发育垂直分带的特点。  相似文献   

渤海海底埋藏黄土及沿岸出露黄土的成因   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

刘敬圃  赵松龄 《海洋与湖沼》1995,26(4):363-368

根据自60年代以来渤海海底的15个地质钻孔及最近的大量海上调查资料，在其他学者对渤海沿岸出露黄土各种特征详尽研究的基础上，分析了晚更新世末期以来渤海的陆架区环境特征。结果表明，晚更新世末期强劲的西北冬季风使出露的渤海海底部分发生沙漠化，在下风头形成黄土堆积。部分黄土被全新世海相层覆盖形成埋藏黄土，在辽东半岛、庙岛群岛及山东半岛沿岸则形成出露黄土。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶作用与储层分布   总被引：30，自引：3，他引：27  

陈景山  李忠  王振宇  谭秀成  李凌  马青 《沉积学报》2007,25(6):858-868

在塔里木盆地奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩中识别出同生岩溶、风化壳岩溶、埋藏岩溶三种不同类型的古岩溶作用,综合分析认为它们是控制奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层形成的关键要素。同生期大气淡水选择性溶蚀颗粒碳酸盐岩所形成的粒内溶孔、铸模孔和粒间溶孔等,为储层提供了基质孔隙,储层分布受大气成岩透镜体控制,通常呈透镜体沿台地边缘高能相带断续分布。与风化壳岩溶作用有关的碳酸盐岩储层在区域上主要展布于奥陶系碳酸盐岩裸露的古潜山分布范围内,垂向上则局限于奥陶系碳酸盐岩侵蚀不整合面以下200 m深度范围内。根据风化壳岩溶的垂向与横向发育特征,指出其储层垂向上主要分布于地表岩溶带的覆盖角砾岩、垂直渗流岩溶带和水平潜流岩溶带内,平面上主要发育于岩溶高地边缘、岩溶斜坡区、岩溶谷地上游区、岩溶残丘等古地貌单元。埋藏岩溶作用常与有机质热演化过程中伴生的有机酸溶蚀碳酸盐矿物有关,往往沿原有的孔缝系统进行,具有期次多、规模不等的特点,是碳酸盐岩储层优化改造的关键因素之一。  相似文献   

埕岛—桩海地区潜山滑脱构造与油气聚集          下载免费PDF全文

熊伟 《地质科学》2019,(1):79-94

运用三维地震、钻井资料,揭示了埕岛-桩海地区古生界与太古宇接触面滑脱构造基本特征及形成机理,剖析了其在油气勘探中的作用。主滑脱面为下古生界与太古宇之间的不整合面,表现为沿不整合面发育多条叠瓦状排列上陡下缓的低角度滑脱断层,倾末端收敛于不整合面,并未切穿下伏太古宇地层,致使滑脱断层切割形成的不同块体地层发生明显的翘倾旋转或缺失。平面上自西向东,滑脱强度、滑脱距离存在明显差异,西部滑脱作用强度最大,滑脱距离最远,导致下古生界地层严重缺失,中生界地层直接不整合覆盖于太古宇基底之上;中部滑脱作用活动强烈,滑脱距离较远,古生界潜山表现为一系列类似“飞来峰”的三角形残丘形态;东段滑脱作用活动较弱,古生界潜山被分割成一系列反向断块,各个断块地层保存相对较完整。综合分析表明,研究区潜山滑脱运动主要发生在郯庐断裂左旋走滑向右旋走滑的转换时期;滑脱作用改善了潜山储层物性,主滑脱面、滑脱断层与主油源断层共同构成了本区立体输导网络,为该区整体含油连片提供了有利条件。  相似文献   

渤海湾盆地海域片麻岩潜山风化壳型储层特征及发育模式     

王德英  王清斌  刘晓健  赵梦  郝轶伟 《岩石学报》2019,35(4):1181-1193

渤海湾盆地海域太古代-古元古代片麻岩潜山分布面积巨大,已发现多个油气田,有重要勘探价值。本文综合应用岩心、铸体薄片、X衍射、扫描电镜、常规物性、锆石测年、矿物溶蚀模拟等实验手段及统计分析方法落实了渤海片麻岩风化壳型储层地质特征、成因机理及发育模式。研究表明,片麻岩中长英质矿物含量大于70%有利于形成潜山裂缝型优质储层;大气水风化淋滤作用对长石类矿物的溶蚀,形成大量次生孔隙和沿裂缝的溶蚀扩大孔隙,极大改善了片麻岩潜山的储层物性;构造作用产生的断裂和节理不仅可以直接提供储集空间,还可以作为渗流通道加大风化淋滤作用的影响深度和范围,促进深部岩石的溶蚀改造,加速风化过程。上述主控因素指导下建立自上往下发育粘土带、砂化带、砂化砾石带、裂缝带和基岩带的片麻岩风化壳型潜山储层发育模式。  相似文献   

华山山前断裂中段晚第四纪活动的地貌表现及响应   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

杨源源  高战武  徐伟 《震灾防御技术》2012,7(4):335-347

调查了华山山前断裂中段（石堤峪-杜峪）晚更新世以来,尤其是全新世以来的断层构造地貌,讨论了它们的成因、特点及对断裂活动的响应关系。断层构造地貌主要包括：断层三角面、断层陡坎、洪积阶地、埋藏型洪积扇以及冲沟裂点。对各大沟峪峪口的洪积阶地进行了大比例尺微地貌测量,并在部分沟峪两侧沿断层崖陡坎及冲沟沟床布置了测线。结合T1、T2级洪积阶地位错测量结果及其14C年龄计算得到,华山山前断裂中段6000a-2000aB.P.的垂直滑动速率为1.485mm/a;2000aB.P.以来的垂直滑动速率为3.73mm/a。最后结合野外调查与理论认识,建立了正断层作用下洪积阶地与埋藏型洪积扇的演化模式。本研究结果支持华山山前断裂是1556年华县814级地震发震构造的观点。  相似文献   

Simulating the influence of physicochemical parameters on subsurface oil on beaches: Preliminary results     

A.M. Bernabeu  D. Rey  A. Lago  F. Vilas 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(8):1170-375

Monitoring of sandy beaches after the Prestige oil spill revealed thick subsurface layers (up to 1 m thick) of grey-coloured sand. These horizons were sometimes found under more than 3 m of clean sand. Examination of the sand by electron microscopy confirmed that the colouring was due to oil-coated sand grains, and revealed a sequence of degradation of buried oil. Further analysis of the sand revealed high concentrations of hydrocarbon in the oil-coated sand and that the main biomarkers were indicative of biodegradation, even though the oil was buried.A set of experiments was designed to analyze the evolution of oil from tar balls to coatings. The results revealed that biodegradation is a secondary process in the changes that take place in the buried oil, and that water flow slows down the appearance of grey sand and that low salinity may hinder the oil degradation process.  相似文献   

Study on Electrical Potential by Buried Source Electrode within the Horizontally Layered Half-space Model     

Nie Yong’an  Yao Lanyu 《中国地震研究》2010,24(2):167-178

The paper first studies the analytical expression of electrical potential by a point current source in a uniform half-space medium,and then focuses on the distribution of electrical potential in a horizontally layered half-space model by a point current source within the surface layer or the bottom layer.Finally,the electrical potential by a source electrode in any layer of a layered half-space model is presented.  相似文献