Some Aspects of Fluorite and Vaterite Precipitation in Marine Environments*     

Karl J. Wittmann  Antonio P. Ariani 《Marine Ecology》1996,17(1-3):213-219

Abstract. Mysid shrimps of the genus Schistornysis precipitate either fluorite (CaF₂; S. spiritus) or vaterite (CaCO3; S. assimilis) for the formation of static bodies (statoliths). In S. assirnilis, 2.44 μg calcium and 3.66 μg carbonate are precipitated for each statolith. This corresponds to 69 mg or 30 mg ambient water, respectively, using the ion content of seawater for stoichiometrical comparison. Concentmtion factors of calcium or carbonate in relation to equivalent amounts of ambient water in the statocyst cavity are 760 or 3100, respectively. In S. spiritus, 3.79 μg calcium and 3.60 μg fluoride are precipitated. This corresponds to 9.3 mg or 2788 mg ambient water, respectively. Concentration factors with respect to statocyst water mass are 610 or 183.000. respectively. Ile high fluoride accumulation for the formation of statoliths alone contributes to a fluoride content of 4500 ppm with respect to body dry weight A minimum estimate for the role of mysids in the global fluoride cycle suggests that at least 62,000 tons of fluoride are bound in mysid statoliths. Due to rapid turnover of about seven days, mysid fluorite statoliths are a crucial factor by contributing to a turnover of at most 570,000 years for overall fluoride in the oceanic system.  相似文献   

萨拉乌苏河流域MGS1层段粒度与CaCO3记录的全新世千年尺度的气候变化     

王丰年  李保生  牛东风  李志文  温小浩  司月君  杜恕环  郭亿华 《中国沙漠》2012,32(2):331-339

 毛乌素沙漠东南缘萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾剖面MGS1层段含有11个由古沙丘砂与河湖相或古土壤构成的沉积旋回。通过对该层段粒度和CaCO3的分析,发现其河湖沼相和古土壤的平均粒径、分选系数、偏度和峰态的值明显高于古沙丘砂;CaCO3含量在古沙丘砂及其上覆的河湖相和古土壤中依次变化于0.07%~0.32%（平均值为0.16%）、0.05%~1.50%（0.27%）和0.06%~1.42%（0.64%）,并与平均粒径呈显著相关（相关系数0.8）;构成与沉积旋回波动韵律相同的11个峰谷交替的粒度和CaCO3旋回,指示了全新世气候冷、暖的变化过程和东亚冬夏季风千年尺度交替变化的气候旋回。这些旋回中的冬季风主导时期可与北大西洋8 200、5 000、4 000、2 700、1 400 a BP等寒冷事件进行对比,和中国若干地点的气候波动具有良好对应关系,可能表明全新世东亚季风在全球大气、海洋、陆地和全球冰量变化的共同作用下,表现为干冷冬季风和暖湿夏季风的相互交替的千年尺度的气候变化特征。  相似文献   

Biosilicium (BSi) in Sedimenten Mecklenburger Seen (Deutschland) und das Calciumcarbonat-Biosilicium-Verhältnis als Trophie- und Wasserstandsindikator Biogenic Silica (BSi) in Sediments of the Mecklenburgian Lake District (Germany) and the Calcite-Silica-Relation as Indicator for Trophy and Water Level     

G. Proft 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1994,22(4):177-184

The BSi content has been investigated in the surface sediments of lakes of different trophic state in the Mecklenburgian Lake District. The BSi content differs between 1 to 1000 mg BSi/g dry matter. High values were found in deep eutrophic lakes. Litoral sediments and shallow eutrophic lakes have lower contents. BSi content was found to be correlated with lake morphometry, depth, trophic level, sediment composition and especially with calcite. With the CaCO₃/BSi-value, 3 groups of lakes can be characterized:

• CaCO₃/BSi = 0 oligotrophic and dystrophic lakes
• CaCO₃/BSi ≤ 10 mesotrophic and eutrophic deep lakes
• CaCO₃/BSi ≤ 10 eutrophic shallow lakes

The results from the recent sediments have been compared with those from older sediments. Using the CaCO₃/BSi-value, climatic change, trophic state, and sea level can be detected.  相似文献   

甘肃张掖白垩纪早Aptian期黑色页岩揭示的气候岁差驱动及其意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

谢琴  陈家胜  刘晓静  刘秀铭 《古地理学报》2022,24(2):375-388

白垩纪中期是温室气候的典型代表,在该时期地球经历了深刻的环境变化。有研究表明白垩纪中期欧洲低纬(约20°~30°N)地区海相地层的黑色页岩呈现斜率信号,同一时期同样纬度的中国地区以陆相沉积为主,但陆相低纬黑色页岩的轨道尺度周期研究较少。因此本研究选择甘肃张掖南台子白垩纪早Aptian期下沟组黑色页岩(古纬度约23°N)作为研究对象,以CaCO₃含量作为高分辨率古气候替代性指标,利用平均频谱拟合差和年代标尺优化法分析了南台子早Aptian期下沟组黑色页岩段的轨道周期变化,并利用频谱分析方法对调谐后的时间域序列进行分析。结果显示南台子下沟组黑色页岩段以岁差周期为主导,与欧洲低纬地区相关研究显著不同。这一气候变化的探索不仅提供了中国西北地区白垩纪轨道尺度气候变化的新证据,而且也有助于更全面认识白垩纪中期低纬地区气候变化的驱动机制。  相似文献   

试论开放体系中P_(CO_2)对CaCO_3溶解量的影响     

钱会 《地球科学与环境学报》1990,(2)

本文从化学平衡的角度讨论了开放体系中二氧化碳的分压(Pco_2)对CaCO_3溶解量的影响。根据定量计算的结果,CaCO_3的溶解量之所以随着Pco_2的升高而增大,主要是由于以下三方面的原因所造成的:首先,随着Pco_2的升高,水溶液的pH将会降低,从而使水溶液中CO_3~(2-)的含量减小,因此溶液中CaCO_3的浓度积将会减小,结果便导致了CaCo_3的溶解;其次,随着Pco_2的升高,水溶液中HCO_3~-的含量将会增大,这样便使得以CaHCO_3~+的形式结的Ca~(2+)的含量增多,这也导致了CaCO_3溶解量增的大;第三,CaCO_3解量增大的结果,使溶液的离子强度增加,这又导致了各离子活度系数的减小,从而也促进了CaCO_3的溶解。文章最后还讨论了应该怎样去定性地解释Pco_2对CaCO_3溶解量的影响,并认为使用反应; CaCO_3+H_2O + C_2OCa~(2+)+2HCO_3~-来定性地解释Pco_2对CaCO_3溶解量的影响,存在有以下两个方面的问题:第一,该反应没有反映出Pco_2升高或降低过程中水溶液中最重要的因素之一的〔H~+〕的变化;第二,对于与CaCO_3相平衡的水溶液,当Pco_2升高时,用该反应来解释会导致矛盾的结果。  相似文献   

海洋沉积记录中环境与生物地球化学信息及其对全球变化的指示   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

翁焕新  张兴茂 《第四纪研究》2003,23(5):529-536

文章研究了南海北部陆坡沉积柱中常量元素钠、钾、镁、铝和营养元素磷以及碳酸钙的含量变化特征,并从环境与生物地球化学的角度揭示了它们对全球变化的响应.研究结果显示,海洋沉积物中钾、铝含量变化与陆源区化学风化程度有关,而钠、镁含量变化受温度的控制;海洋沉积磷的积累与大气圈CO₂的变化相关联,沉积磷积累量的减少和碳酸钙积累量的增加,可能是引起冰期大气圈CO₂降低的一个关键性原因.  相似文献   

First-principles-based calculations of the CaCO<Subscript>3</Subscript>–MgCO<Subscript>3</Subscript> and CdCO<Subscript>3</Subscript>–MgCO<Subscript>3</Subscript> subsolidus phase diagrams     

B. P. Burton  A. Van de Walle 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2003,30(2):88-97

 Planewave pseudopotential calculations of supercell total energies were used as bases for first-principles calculations of the CaCO₃–MgCO₃ and CdCO₃–MgCO₃ phase diagrams. Calculated phase diagrams are in qualitative to semiquantitative agreement with experiment. Two unobserved phases, Cd₃Mg (CO₃)₄ and CdMg₃(CO₃)₄, are predicted. No new phases are predicted in the CaCO₃–MgCO₃ system, but a low-lying metastable Ca₃Mg(CO₃)₄ state, analogous to the Cd₃Mg(CO₃)₄ phase is predicted. All of the predicted lowest-lying metastable states, except for huntite CaMg₃(CO₃)₄, have dolomite-related structures, i.e. they are layer structures in which A _m B _n cation layers lie perpendicular to the rhombohedral [111] vector. Received: 6 May 2002 / Accepted: 23 October 2002 Acknowledgements This work was partially supported by NSF contract DMR-0080766 and NIST.  相似文献   

地下河水人工补给洞穴滴水、碳酸盐(钙)沉积特征及景观恢复探讨   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

张美良  朱晓燕  吴夏  张碧云  潘谋成 《中国岩溶》2015,34(1):17-26

岩溶旅游洞穴碳酸盐岩沉积物景观容易受到污染、风化,为了探讨受污损洞穴碳酸盐沉积物的修复方法以确保岩溶旅游洞穴的可持续发展,对广西桂林七星岩No.15支洞距洞口约150 m长洞段的滴水物化指标、现代碳酸盐岩沉积物进行了为期4年的监测分析。结果表明:（1）该洞段的滴水主要源于抽取地下河水的水柜渗漏及降水补给,地下河水和滴水的电导率、[Ca2＋] 、[HCO3-]在4个水文年中的变化趋势基本相同,雨季洞穴滴水电导率、[Ca2＋] 、[HCO3-]等显著降低,降雨稀释效应明显;（2）现代洞穴碳酸盐岩沉积具有明显的季节性变化,雨季洞穴滴水量/速率、碳酸钙沉积速率加快,最大沉积量达0.8 g／半月,洞穴入口约150 m长洞段快速滴水碳酸盐最大沉积量达2～4 g／半月,旱季碳酸盐沉积速率减少,最大沉积量仅为0.4 g／半月;（3）抽取岩溶地下水经由地表补给洞穴滴水可提高滴水的电导率、[Ca2＋] 、[HCO3-]及CaCO3饱和度,促使大量碳酸盐(CaCO3)快速沉积,实现对洞穴受风化、污染景观的修复,新沉积的碳酸钙(CaCO3)还可以将基岩裂隙和洞穴内破损、破裂的钟乳石重新“粘结”起来,利于洞穴的稳定性。   相似文献   

Mechanical twinning in calcite considered with the concept of ferroelasticity     

S. Bueble  W. W. Schmahl 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1999,26(8):668-672

The mechanical twinning of calcite is compared with ferroelastic behavior. For calcite a paraelastic prototype phase does not exist, therefore a virtual prototype is defined with cubic m3m symmetry. Using this condition the strain tensors of all domain states of mechanical twinning are calculated. With the use of the strain tensors, application of Sapriel's strain compatibility law gives the crystallographic orientations of all possible twin planes between different domain states. The findings indicate that the twin walls are {1 0 0} and {1 1 0} planes with respect to the morphological rhombohedral lattice. These twin plane orientations from the equated strain tensors are in accordance with the r-and e-twin systems commonly observed in calcite. Received: 17 December 1998 / Revised, accepted: 24 April 1999  相似文献