A preliminary investigation into calcareous dinoflagellate cysts and problematic microfossils from an expanded Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary section at Kulstirenden, Stevns Klint, Denmark     

Andrew D. Leighton  Malcolm B. HartChristopher W. Smart 《Cretaceous Research》2011,32(5):606-617

Located to the north of the Stevns Klint Peninsula (Denmark), Kulstirenden shows the transition from Cretaceous chalks to Danian carbonates across the Cretaceous - Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary. The K/Pg boundary at Kulstirenden is represented by the Fiskeler Member (Fish Clay), a streaked marl interval with a smectite rich, red oxidised layer at its base marking the boundary. The Fiskeler Member is important as it includes the iridium concentration linked to the bolide impact which may have caused the end-Cretaceous mass extinction and is at its maximum thickness at Kulstirenden (c.45 cm). Calcareous dinoflagellate cysts (Calciodinelloideae) have been investigated from within the fine fraction (45-125 μm) at Kulstirenden in order to understand the ecological implications of these enigmatic microfossils. Several species were found within the Fiskeler Member, including Orthopithonella collarisWendler et al. (2001, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 115, 69-77). This species is of particular interest as it demonstrates reduced paratabulation and may indicate a transgressive period immediately after the K/Pg boundary event. O. collaris has been described as a morphotype formed under post-K/Pg environmental conditions and is, therefore, described as a “disaster” taxon that marks the K/Pg boundary at Stevns Klint. The distribution of this taxon is more extensive than previously documented, disappearing as carbonate sedimentation returned in the Cerithium Limestone Member of the Danian. Several calcareous microfossil specimens that were found cannot be associated with the dinoflagellates and display Bolboforma-like features. While the origins of Bolboforma are enigmatic, the current finding expands their stratigraphic range and suggests an appearance of this group of organisms found at Stevns Klint may give an insight into the inception of this group into the earliest Danian.  相似文献   

关于“超微细菌”的争论:灰岩成因研究的重要驱动力   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

梅冥相 《古地理学报》2011,13(4):363-374

在高倍(＞50000x)扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子显微镜(AFM)或透射电子显微镜(TEM)下,那些在岩石和矿物中所见到的纳米级别的物体常常吸引了地质学家们的注意.这些物体大小在25～300 nm之间,多呈球状、棒状或卵圆状;对这些物体的成因,存在不同的看法而导致了剧烈的争论.因为这些物体与真菌中的球菌和杆菌总体相...  相似文献   

南海东北部表层沉积中钙质超微化石的分布特征     

段虓  陈芳  彭学超  等 《江苏地质》2015,39(1):81-85

对南海东北部188个表层沉积样品进行了钙质超微化石分析.结果表明,除2个样品外,其他样品均含有超微化石,但丰度相差悬殊,在(9～1 684)个/10视域范围内变化.钙质超微化石相对丰度在平面上的分布可划分为3个区.共鉴定出钙质超微化石17属27种,以Florishaera profunda,Gephyrocapsa oceanica,G.spp.(small)和Emiliania huxleyi为优势种.调查区钙质超微化石的分布受多种因素的综合影响.重点讨论了水深、陆源物质的输入、碳酸盐溶解作用等因素对超微化石丰度及优势种分布的影响.  相似文献   

Pleistocene stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental variation from Lomonosov Ridge sediments, central Arctic Ocean   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Jakobsson  R. Lvlie  E. M. Arnold  J. Backman  L. Polyak  J. -O. Knutsen  E. Musatov 《Global and Planetary Change》2001,31(1-4)

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The nappe structure of the central Northern Calcareous Alps and its disintegration during Miocene tectonic extrusion—a contribution to understanding the orogenic evolution of the Eastern Alps     

W.?FrischEmail author  H.-J.?Gawlick 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2003,92(5):712-727

The classical concept of the nappe structure of the central Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA) is in contradiction with modern stratigraphic, structural, metamorphic and geochronological data. We first perform a palinspastic restoration for the time before Miocene lateral tectonic extrusion, which shows good continuity of structures, facies and diagenetic/metamorphic zones. We present a new nappe concept, in which the Tirolic unit practically takes the whole area of the central NCA and is divided into three subunits (nappes): Lower and Upper Tirolic subunit, separated by the Upper Jurassic Trattberg Thrust, and the metamorphic Ultra-Tirolic unit. The Hallstatt (Iuvavic) nappe(s) formed the highest unit, but were completely destroyed by erosion after nappe stacking. Remnants of the Hallstatt nappes are only represented by components of up to 1 km in size in Middle/Upper Jurassic radiolaritic wildflysch sediments ("Hallstatt Mélange" belonging to the Tirolic unit). Destruction of the continental margin started in Middle to Upper Jurassic time and prograded from the oceanic side towards the shelf. The original substratum of the external nappes (Bavaric units) of the NCA was largely the Austroalpine crystalline basement, of the internal nappes (Tirolic units) the weakly metamorphosed Palaeozoic sequences (Greywacke Zone and equivalents). Eocene movements caused limited internal deformation in the Tirolic unit.  相似文献   

北美西部内陆海盆Niobrara组的钙质超微化石及其环境意义——Ⅰ：钙质超微化石及其分带     

刘怀宝  D.K.Watkins 《高校地质学报》2004,10(1):1-25

北美西部内陆海盆上白垩统Niobrara组中的钙质超微化石十分丰富,且多保存良好,呈现典型的晚白垩世远洋钙质超微化石组合面貌,经系统鉴定,计有60属100余种和亚种。为适应不同的环境,Kansas西部和South Dakota东部的钙质超微化石组合面貌稍有不同。经与白垩纪颗石藻化石带对比,可将Kansas西部的Niobrara组划分为6个化石带(CC13～CC18)和8个亚带,其中,根据本文研究地区的化石序列,CC15和CC16带被进一步划分。根据与同一剖面所建立的无脊椎动物化石带对比,钙质超微化石CC17带的时代被重新厘定,即该带应始于中Santonian的晚期,结束于晚Santonian的早期,并据此将Santoniatr／Campanian的界线划在CC18带之内。  相似文献   

Late Barremian to early Aptian calcareous nannofossil paleoceanography and paleoecology from the Ocean Drilling Program Hole 641C (Galicia Margin)     

Fabrizio Tremolada  Elisabetta Erba  Timothy J. Bralower 《Cretaceous Research》2006,27(6):887-897

Calcareous nannofossil assemblages at Site 641C (Galicia Margin, North Atlantic) were investigated in order to determine changes in fertility and temperature of surface waters. Taxa such as Zeughrabdotus spp. <3.5 μm, Biscutum constans, Discorhabdus rotatorius and Diazomatolithus lehmanii, which thrived in higher fertility conditions, are particularly abundant across the CM0 interval as opposed to those with oligotrophic affinities such as Watznaueria spp. and Nannoconus spp., which are generally reduced in abundance. The abundances of nannoconids are much lower than those observed in Tethyan sections, indicating higher fertility conditions. Slumpings and low recovery prevent the identification of the onset of the “nannoconid crisis”, but a sharp drop in nannoconid abundances, observed prior to the CM0 interval, correlates with the “nannoconid decline” observed in several Tethys sections.The normalized ratio between low and high fertility taxa (Fertility Index) was used to characterize the nannofossil assemblages in terms of productivity changes. The highest values of the Fertility Index were observed across magnetic chron CM0. The paucity of cold water taxa such as Seribiscutum spp. and Repagulum parvidentatum suggests warm water conditions throughout the deposition of upper Barremian–lower Aptian sediments on the Galicia Margin.  相似文献   

Growing folds and sedimentation of the Gosau Group, Muttekopf, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria     

Hugo Ortner 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2001,90(3):727-739

Analysis of the three-dimensional geometry of Upper Cretaceous clastics in the Muttekopf area (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria) indicate fold and fault structures active during deposition. Coniacian continental to neritic sedimentation (Lower Gosau Subgroup) was contemporaneous with displacements on NW-trending faults and minor folding along NE-trending axes. From the Santonian onwards (sedimentation of the deep-marine Upper Gosau Subgroup) the NW-trending faults were sealed and large folds with WSW-trending axes developed. The direction of contraction changed to N-S after the end of Gosau deposition in the Danian (Paleocene). Synorogenic sedimentation patterns indicate continuous contraction from the Coniacian to the Late Maastrichtian/?Danian. Therefore, large-scale extension as observed in the central part of the Eastern Alps cannot be documented in the western parts of the Northern Calcareous Alps. A combination of subduction tectonic erosion for the frontal parts and gravitational adjustment of an unstable orogen after nappe stacking for the internal parts possibly accounts for the different development of Gosau basins in the frontal and trailing regions of the Austroalpine wedge.  相似文献   

Conodont colour alteration indices: Palaeotemperatures and metamorphism in the Northern Calcareous Alps — a general view     

H. -J. Gawlick  L. Krystyn  R. Lein 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1994,83(3):660-664

The middle and eastern parts of the Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA) can be subdivided into two distinct units with a lateral boundary marked by abrupt changes in the conodont colour alteration index (CAI-values). The first of these is a northern unit (Tirolikum) with a relatively homogeneous distribution of no or low grade conodont alteration (CAI 1.0–2.0). The thermal overprint is thought to be relatively young and related to a heat flow from the Tauern crystallization. The second unit consists of the Juvavic nappe system (Juvavikum), which is distributed along the southern rim of the NCA but also covers some of the northern parts of the Tirolikum. With respect to its CAI-distribution the Juvavikum is more heterogeneous on a regional and local scale, with some local CAI-inversions. The Juvavikum additionally shows distinctly different sets of CAI-values one with weak (CAI 1.0–1.5) and another with strong alteration (CAI 5.5–7.0) — at present the highest known thermal overprint measured in the NCA. The metamorphism is relatively old as it predates the Late Jurassic—Early Cretaceous gravity tectonic emplacement of the Juvavikum onto the Tirolikum. The high CAI-values of parts of the Juvavic nappe system are though to be related to tectonic burial in an accretionary wedge formed parallel to the closure of the Vardar Ocean. The low CAI values of the Tirolikum apparently exclude a direct juxtaposition of the two units at the time of metamorphism.  相似文献   

滇东南喀斯特峰丛地区灰岩土壤的基本性质和综合评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郝性中 《云南地理环境研究》1993,5(1):65-75

本文以云南省西畴西部为例,阐述了滇东南喀斯特峰丛地区灰岩土壤的形成、分类和分布规律。从土壤的颜色、结构、机械组成、化学组成、游离碳酸钙、pH值、有机质含量、碳氮比、氮磷钾含量、盐基代换量和盐基饱和度、微量元素含量等方面,对灰岩土壤的基本理化性质进行了分析和评价,提出了合理利用途径。  相似文献