A preliminary investigation into calcareous dinoflagellate cysts and problematic microfossils from an expanded Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary section at Kulstirenden, Stevns Klint, Denmark     

Andrew D. Leighton  Malcolm B. HartChristopher W. Smart 《Cretaceous Research》2011,32(5):606-617

Located to the north of the Stevns Klint Peninsula (Denmark), Kulstirenden shows the transition from Cretaceous chalks to Danian carbonates across the Cretaceous - Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary. The K/Pg boundary at Kulstirenden is represented by the Fiskeler Member (Fish Clay), a streaked marl interval with a smectite rich, red oxidised layer at its base marking the boundary. The Fiskeler Member is important as it includes the iridium concentration linked to the bolide impact which may have caused the end-Cretaceous mass extinction and is at its maximum thickness at Kulstirenden (c.45 cm). Calcareous dinoflagellate cysts (Calciodinelloideae) have been investigated from within the fine fraction (45-125 μm) at Kulstirenden in order to understand the ecological implications of these enigmatic microfossils. Several species were found within the Fiskeler Member, including Orthopithonella collarisWendler et al. (2001, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 115, 69-77). This species is of particular interest as it demonstrates reduced paratabulation and may indicate a transgressive period immediately after the K/Pg boundary event. O. collaris has been described as a morphotype formed under post-K/Pg environmental conditions and is, therefore, described as a “disaster” taxon that marks the K/Pg boundary at Stevns Klint. The distribution of this taxon is more extensive than previously documented, disappearing as carbonate sedimentation returned in the Cerithium Limestone Member of the Danian. Several calcareous microfossil specimens that were found cannot be associated with the dinoflagellates and display Bolboforma-like features. While the origins of Bolboforma are enigmatic, the current finding expands their stratigraphic range and suggests an appearance of this group of organisms found at Stevns Klint may give an insight into the inception of this group into the earliest Danian.  相似文献   

The nappe structure of the central Northern Calcareous Alps and its disintegration during Miocene tectonic extrusion—a contribution to understanding the orogenic evolution of the Eastern Alps     

W.?FrischEmail author  H.-J.?Gawlick 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2003,92(5):712-727

The classical concept of the nappe structure of the central Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA) is in contradiction with modern stratigraphic, structural, metamorphic and geochronological data. We first perform a palinspastic restoration for the time before Miocene lateral tectonic extrusion, which shows good continuity of structures, facies and diagenetic/metamorphic zones. We present a new nappe concept, in which the Tirolic unit practically takes the whole area of the central NCA and is divided into three subunits (nappes): Lower and Upper Tirolic subunit, separated by the Upper Jurassic Trattberg Thrust, and the metamorphic Ultra-Tirolic unit. The Hallstatt (Iuvavic) nappe(s) formed the highest unit, but were completely destroyed by erosion after nappe stacking. Remnants of the Hallstatt nappes are only represented by components of up to 1 km in size in Middle/Upper Jurassic radiolaritic wildflysch sediments ("Hallstatt Mélange" belonging to the Tirolic unit). Destruction of the continental margin started in Middle to Upper Jurassic time and prograded from the oceanic side towards the shelf. The original substratum of the external nappes (Bavaric units) of the NCA was largely the Austroalpine crystalline basement, of the internal nappes (Tirolic units) the weakly metamorphosed Palaeozoic sequences (Greywacke Zone and equivalents). Eocene movements caused limited internal deformation in the Tirolic unit.  相似文献   

Late Barremian to early Aptian calcareous nannofossil paleoceanography and paleoecology from the Ocean Drilling Program Hole 641C (Galicia Margin)     

Fabrizio Tremolada  Elisabetta Erba  Timothy J. Bralower 《Cretaceous Research》2006,27(6):887-897

Calcareous nannofossil assemblages at Site 641C (Galicia Margin, North Atlantic) were investigated in order to determine changes in fertility and temperature of surface waters. Taxa such as Zeughrabdotus spp. <3.5 μm, Biscutum constans, Discorhabdus rotatorius and Diazomatolithus lehmanii, which thrived in higher fertility conditions, are particularly abundant across the CM0 interval as opposed to those with oligotrophic affinities such as Watznaueria spp. and Nannoconus spp., which are generally reduced in abundance. The abundances of nannoconids are much lower than those observed in Tethyan sections, indicating higher fertility conditions. Slumpings and low recovery prevent the identification of the onset of the “nannoconid crisis”, but a sharp drop in nannoconid abundances, observed prior to the CM0 interval, correlates with the “nannoconid decline” observed in several Tethys sections.The normalized ratio between low and high fertility taxa (Fertility Index) was used to characterize the nannofossil assemblages in terms of productivity changes. The highest values of the Fertility Index were observed across magnetic chron CM0. The paucity of cold water taxa such as Seribiscutum spp. and Repagulum parvidentatum suggests warm water conditions throughout the deposition of upper Barremian–lower Aptian sediments on the Galicia Margin.  相似文献   

Growing folds and sedimentation of the Gosau Group, Muttekopf, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria     

Hugo Ortner 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2001,90(3):727-739

Analysis of the three-dimensional geometry of Upper Cretaceous clastics in the Muttekopf area (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria) indicate fold and fault structures active during deposition. Coniacian continental to neritic sedimentation (Lower Gosau Subgroup) was contemporaneous with displacements on NW-trending faults and minor folding along NE-trending axes. From the Santonian onwards (sedimentation of the deep-marine Upper Gosau Subgroup) the NW-trending faults were sealed and large folds with WSW-trending axes developed. The direction of contraction changed to N-S after the end of Gosau deposition in the Danian (Paleocene). Synorogenic sedimentation patterns indicate continuous contraction from the Coniacian to the Late Maastrichtian/?Danian. Therefore, large-scale extension as observed in the central part of the Eastern Alps cannot be documented in the western parts of the Northern Calcareous Alps. A combination of subduction tectonic erosion for the frontal parts and gravitational adjustment of an unstable orogen after nappe stacking for the internal parts possibly accounts for the different development of Gosau basins in the frontal and trailing regions of the Austroalpine wedge.  相似文献   

Conodont colour alteration indices: Palaeotemperatures and metamorphism in the Northern Calcareous Alps — a general view     

H. -J. Gawlick  L. Krystyn  R. Lein 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1994,83(3):660-664

The middle and eastern parts of the Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA) can be subdivided into two distinct units with a lateral boundary marked by abrupt changes in the conodont colour alteration index (CAI-values). The first of these is a northern unit (Tirolikum) with a relatively homogeneous distribution of no or low grade conodont alteration (CAI 1.0–2.0). The thermal overprint is thought to be relatively young and related to a heat flow from the Tauern crystallization. The second unit consists of the Juvavic nappe system (Juvavikum), which is distributed along the southern rim of the NCA but also covers some of the northern parts of the Tirolikum. With respect to its CAI-distribution the Juvavikum is more heterogeneous on a regional and local scale, with some local CAI-inversions. The Juvavikum additionally shows distinctly different sets of CAI-values one with weak (CAI 1.0–1.5) and another with strong alteration (CAI 5.5–7.0) — at present the highest known thermal overprint measured in the NCA. The metamorphism is relatively old as it predates the Late Jurassic—Early Cretaceous gravity tectonic emplacement of the Juvavikum onto the Tirolikum. The high CAI-values of parts of the Juvavic nappe system are though to be related to tectonic burial in an accretionary wedge formed parallel to the closure of the Vardar Ocean. The low CAI values of the Tirolikum apparently exclude a direct juxtaposition of the two units at the time of metamorphism.  相似文献   

滇东南喀斯特峰丛地区灰岩土壤的基本性质和综合评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郝性中 《云南地理环境研究》1993,5(1):65-75

本文以云南省西畴西部为例,阐述了滇东南喀斯特峰丛地区灰岩土壤的形成、分类和分布规律。从土壤的颜色、结构、机械组成、化学组成、游离碳酸钙、pH值、有机质含量、碳氮比、氮磷钾含量、盐基代换量和盐基饱和度、微量元素含量等方面,对灰岩土壤的基本理化性质进行了分析和评价,提出了合理利用途径。  相似文献   

西菲律宾海盆-马里亚纳海槽区柱状岩芯中钙质超微化石分析及地层时代     

李文勤 《海洋科学》1991,(2)

本文通过对取自西菲律宾海盆及马里亚纳海糟区85kL和77KG,66KG,6lKL,57KL岩芯中钙质超微化石的分析研究,划分了上述岩芯的地层时代。66KG,61KL,57KL地层时代为更新世晚期;77KG0～l0cm和10～20cm地层时代分别为更新世晚、中期;以下(20～30cm)地层时代为早中新世晚期。85kL所处水深位于碳酸盐补偿深度(CCD)以下,岩芯中无化石保存。  相似文献   

Impact of treated sewage sludge application on phosphorus release kinetics in some calcareous soils   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Alireza Hosseinpur  Hamed Pashamokhtari 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(5):1015-1021

Treated sewage sludge contains significant amount of phosphorus and is widely used in agriculture. Kinetics of P release in soils is a subject of importance in soil and environmental sciences. There are few studies about P release kinetics in treated sewage sludge amended soils. For this purpose, sludge was mixed with ten soils at a rate equivalent to 100 Mg sludge ha⁻¹, and P desorption was determined by successive extraction using 0.01 M CaCl₂ over a period of 65 days at 25 ± 1°C. Phosphorus release rate was rapid at first (until about first 360 h) and then became slower until equilibrium was approached. Average of P released within 360 h for the unamended and amended soils was about 65 and 73% of the total desorbed P, respectively. Zero-order, first-order, second-order, power function, simplified Elovich and parabolic diffusion law kinetics models were used to describe P release. First-order, Elovich, power function and parabolic diffusion models could well describe P release in the unamended and amended soils. Correlation coefficients between P release rate parameters and selected soil properties showed that in the control soils, calcium carbonate equivalent and Olsen-extractable P; and in the amended soils, calcium carbonate equivalent, cation exchange capacity, organic matter and Olsen-extractable P were significantly correlated with P release parameters. The results of this study showed that application of sewage sludge can change P release characteristics of soils and increase P in runoff.  相似文献   

Susceptibility analysis for slides and rockfall: an example from the Northern Calcareous Alps (Vorarlberg, Austria)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Michael Ruff  Joachim Rohn 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(2):441-452

In this paper a tool for semi-quantitative susceptibility assessment at a regional scale is presented which is applicable at areas with complex geological setting. At a study area within the Northern Calcareous Alps geotechnical mappings were implemented into a Geographical Information System and analysed as grid data with a cell size of 25 m. The susceptibility to sliding and falling processes was considered according to five classes (very low, low, medium, high, very high). Susceptibility to sliding was analysed using an index method. The layers of lithology, bedding conditions, tectonic faults, slope angle, slope aspect, vegetation and erosion were combined iteratively. Dropout zones of rockfall material were determined with help of a Digital Elevation Model. The movement of rolling rock samples was modelled by a cost analysis of all potential rockfall trajectories. These trajectories were also divided into five susceptibility classes. The susceptibility maps are presented in a general way to be used by communities and spatial planners. Conflict areas of susceptibility and landuse were located and can be presented destinctively.  相似文献   

斯里兰卡普塔勒姆地区钙质结核的特征及成因          下载免费PDF全文

罗雷  洪天求  张炜  郑建国  唐国艺 《地质科学》2016,(4):1357-1367

斯里兰卡国普塔勒姆地区滨海沉积物中发育钙质结核,其与我国黄海和东海钙质结核在成分、结构、构造和古生物化石等方面均存在差异。该地区钙质结核含有大量的海相生物化石及其碎屑,CaO的含量＞44.14％, SiO₂的含量＜12.75％,与同地区的碳酸盐软泥相比,结核相对富铁贫硅和富锶贫钡,说明生物对结核的影响大于对碳酸盐软泥的影响。结核的碳、氧同位素值负偏明显,δ¹³C＜-4.54‰,,δ¹⁸O＜-6.37‰,具有轻碳轻氧的特征。结核的矿物成分、古生物化石、主微量元素和碳、氧同位素资料说明其形成于海相环境,后期因海平面下降,受到大气淡水和地下水的影响,元素含量发生变化,形成颇具特色的钙质结核。  相似文献