鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系马五_5亚段白云岩地球化学特征及成因模式     

于洲  丁振纯  吴东旭  魏柳斌  魏源 《海相油气地质》2017,22(4)

依据岩心、薄片以及实验分析资料,表明鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系马五_5亚段白云岩碳同位素分布区间与泥晶灰岩的分布区间类似,均介于-1.40‰~0.14‰,分布在同期海水值区间内;氧同位素组成介于-7.51‰~-5.98‰,较泥晶灰岩的偏正,但整体均较同期海水值偏负;稀土元素的配分模式与泥晶灰岩的相似,具有轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的特征;锶同位素也和泥晶灰岩的分布范围大致相当,且具有少数正常、多数偏正的特征。综合古气候、古沉积格局和海平面升降变化的特征,认为:(1)马五_5亚段白云岩主要由渗透回流白云石化作用形成,部分由蒸发泵白云石化作用形成;(2)白云岩空间分布受海平面升降变化与沉积古地貌背景的共同控制,古地貌较高的中央古隆起—靖西台坪和靖东隆起带这两个区域上白云岩在相对海退期更为发育;(3)白云石的岩石结构组分之间的差异性与其形成的沉积背景有关,粉晶白云岩在中央古隆起—靖西台坪和靖东隆起带上均广泛发育,颗粒白云岩和含硬石膏结核粉晶白云岩仅零星分布在中央古隆起—靖西台坪带上,而白云石化不彻底的灰质粉晶白云岩和白云质泥晶灰岩主要分布在洼地中心和边缘地带。  相似文献   

贵州新元古代陡山沱期碳酸盐岩帽沉积地球化学特征   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

姜立君  张卫华  高慧  杨瑞东 《地球学报》2004,25(2):170-176

通过对贵州新元古代陡山沱期不同相区碳酸盐岩帽的岩石特征和地球化学特征的研究,发现不同相区具有不同的同位素和岩石组合。铜仁地区当时处于浅海,其“碳酸盐岩帽”下部相的薄层白云岩,变形构造发育,δ^13C表现出高的负异常可达-12．48‰,而到上部相的厚层白云岩,δ^13C明显向正异常反向迁移,但还是处于-3．0‰～-1．0‰之间;当时为次深海的台江五河地区δ^13C明显偏负,在碳酸盐岩下部相底部为-8．278‰～-6．651‰;清镇地区当时为泻湖,其中陡山沱组底部碳酸盐δ^13C值为-3．718‰～-0．209‰,从下向上表现出Ca逐渐增加。可以看出,由于所处的环境不同导致其同位素数值有差异,但还是表现出全球都有分布的冰期后负异常的特点。岩石特征的研究发现虽然不同的沉积环境具有不同的岩石特征,但在3个地区均发现冰川沉积与碳酸盐岩沉积之间具有过渡特点的沉积特征,说明二者间并非是突变关系。由此对“雪球地球”假说提出新的认识。  相似文献   

Mineral precipitation and dissolution at two slag-disposal sites in northwestern Indiana,USA     

E.?R.?BaylessEmail author  M.?S.?Schulz 《Environmental Geology》2003,45(2):252-261

Slag is a ubiquitous byproduct of the iron- and steel-refining industries. In northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois, slag has been deposited over more than 52 km² of land surface. Despite the widespread use of slag for fill and construction purposes, little is known about its chemical effects on the environment. Two slag-disposal sites were examined in northwestern Indiana where slag was deposited over the native glacial deposits. At a third site, where slag was not present, background conditions were defined. Samples were collected from cores and drill cuttings and described with scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. Ground-water samples were collected and used to assess thermodynamic equilibria between authigenic minerals and existing conditions. Differences in the mineralogy at background and slag-affected sites were apparent. Calcite, dolomite, gypsum, iron oxides, and clay minerals were abundant in native sediments immediately beneath the slag. Mineral features indicated that these minerals precipitated rapidly from slag drainage and co-precipitated minor amounts of non-calcium metals and trace elements. Quartz fragments immediately beneath the slag showed extensive pitting that was not apparent in sediments from the background site, indicating chemical weathering by the hyperalkaline slag drainage. The environmental impacts of slag-related mineral precipitation include disruption of natural ground-water flow patterns and bed-sediment armoring in adjacent surface-water systems. Dissolution of native quartz by the hyperalkaline drainage may cause instability in structures situated over slag fill or in roadways comprised of slag aggregates.  相似文献   

古里雅冰帽硝酸根离子的来源分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

盛文坤  姚檀栋 《冰川冻土》1996,18(4):353-359

古里雅冰帽的ＮＯ３＾－离子主要来自亚洲粉尘和闪电，它周围附近的地表对冰帽ＮＯ３＾－离子的贡献较少。现代人类活动产生的ＮＯｘ气体及海洋中的ＮＯ３＾－离子能够到达冰帽之上的量是微不足道的。  相似文献   

南极乔治王岛柯林斯冰帽冰川发育条件   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

温家洪  康建成 《极地研究》2001,13(4):283-293

柯林斯冰帽具有显著的海洋性气候特征。据笔者实测资料 ,该冰帽冬季和夏季温度垂直递减率相当 ,为 0 .6 5℃ 1 0 0m ,冰区与无冰区间的温跃值约为 0 .3℃。年、日较差小 ,夏季气温较低 ,平衡线上夏季 (1 2月— 2月 )的平均温度为 0℃。同时 ,云雾多 ,湿度大 ,冰面接受到的太阳辐射小 ,形成了有利于冰川发育的热量条件。同时频繁的极地气旋活动给冰帽区带来了以固态降水为主的较丰沛的降水 ,成为有利于冰川发育的物质条件。夏季温度较低和年降水较丰沛是该冰帽发育有利的水热条件。  相似文献   

煤层开采覆岩破坏的层析成像研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

冯锐  林宣明 《地球物理学报》1996,39(1):114-124

用电磁波层析技术对邵武煤矿煤层开采后的覆岩破坏进行了探测，分析了吸收系数、介电常数和电导率的关系及数值范围，根据地质资料进行了综合解释．所得结果较准确地重现了地下结构的形态、裂隙带的位置和煤层开采后的变化过程，指导了对破碎带的成功堵漏，解决了生产中的一个难题．  相似文献   

Identification and valuation of paramagnetic radicals in natural dolomites as an indicator of geological events     

R. W. A. Franco  F. Pelegrini  A. M. Rossi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2003,30(1):39-43

 Geological sedimentary dolomite samples from the Superior Proterozoic are studied using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The complex spectra in the g=2.0 region is composed of Mn²⁺ lines and signals due to crystallization and radiation-induced defects. Measurements in microwave frequencies of 9.5 GHz (X-band) and 35 GHz (Q-band), and thermal and/or radiation treatments allowed identification of seven paramagnetic radicals in the g=2.0 region: (1) isotropic organic radical; (2) axial SO₂ ⁻; (3) axial PO₂ ⁰ or PO₂ ²⁻; (4) isotropic CO₂ ⁻; (5) axial CO₂ ⁻; (6) axial CO₃ ³⁻; (7) isotropic unknown line. The use of these paramagnetic centres as indicators of geological events is discussed. Received: 18 March 2002 / Accepted: 3 October 2002  相似文献   

乾宁古冰帽的发现及意义     

孙广友 《地理科学》2002,22(6):753-756

乾宁古冰帽于1982年被作者发现,发育于大雪山顶部的夷平面上,海拔高度为4300～4400 m,地理坐标为101°14′～101°30′E,30°20′～30°38′N,是青藏高原位置最东、海拔最低的一个更新世古冰帽,生成环境独特。它还具有中心区缺少冰蚀过程遗迹的独特性质,其机理在于冰帽中心区冰层太薄、动能低、冰体侵蚀力弱,而边缘带冰层增厚。侵蚀力也增强。它的发现对进一步探讨青藏高原第四纪冰川问题具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Mineralogy of primary carbonate-bearing hypabyssal kimberlite, Lac de Gras, Slave Province, Northwest Territories, Canada     

John P. Armstrong  Mark Wilson  Robert L. Barnett  Tom Nowicki  Bruce A. Kjarsgaard   《Lithos》2004,76(1-4):415-433

A suite of fresh, Late Cretaceous to Eocene hypabyssal kimberlites from the Lac de Gras field were studied in order to understand better carbonate, silicate and oxide paragenesis. The samples have excellent preservation of textures and primary mineralogy and are archetypal or Group 1 kimberlite. Five kimberlite localities are identified as calcite-bearing based on the presence of high Sr–Ba calcite as phenocrysts, microphenocrysts and in segregations. Three kimberlite localities are identified as dolomite-bearing based on the presence of mixed calcite–dolomite segregations containing oscillatory and banded textures of calcite–dolomite solid solution and dolomite (±magnesite). Sr–Ba calcite are characterized by high X_Ca (>0.95) and are enriched in Sr (4900–11,100 ppm) and Ba (3200–14,200 ppm). The calcite–dolomite and dolomite–magnesite solid solution compositions span the X_Ca range from 0.42 to 0.95, and typically have Sr and Ba contents in the range of 1000–4000 ppm. The carbonate, silicate and oxide mineral compositions suggest that the origin of the calcite-bearing versus dolomite-bearing kimberlites studied is related to subtle differences in parent magma composition, in particular, the CO₂/H₂O ratio. Formation of the carbonates reflects the latter part of a protracted magmatic crystallization sequence, in which Sr–Ba calcite precipitates from an evolved kimberlite melt. Subsequently, calcite–dolomite solid solution and dolomite is precipitated from localized, Mg-rich carbonate fluids at relatively high temperatures (higher than serpentine stability).  相似文献   

菱镁矿开采引起的Dubravsk"非汉字符号" Massif水文地质结构中的地下水化学成分变化     

Peter Bajto 《岩石学报》2004,20(4)

Dubravsky Massif菱镁矿体的开采产生了部分局限在石炭纪低裂缝渗透变质岩中的喀斯特型裂缝含水层。大量的开矿过程对含水层中的地下水循环和化学成分都造成了可观的变化。本文研究了在这种复杂条件下地下水化学成分变化成因模型。根据化学配位模型,计算出所选矿物的饱和指数,从而指示所有喀斯特裂缝含水层饱和带中的地下水对菱镁矿、白云石、方解石的过饱和度和石膏的不饱和度。假设地下水未受人类活动的污染,而白云石中黄铁矿的氧化对成矿影响甚微,则水化学数据的统计描述代表了含水层中的水文地球化学背景。矿山中矿石焙烧释放的富氮气体凝聚产生的醋酸,能促进菱镁矿和白云石的溶解。这样产生的地下水相对背景值来说则富集NO3,Mg,和TIC。因此,由于地下开矿,岩溶作用估计将是原来的1.5倍。尽管有污染,这些所测参数并没有超过斯洛伐克卫生保健部颁发的No.29／2002 Z.z.饮用水标准临界值。因此采矿后含水层的开采也是可行的。  相似文献