Distribution of n-alkanes and PAHs in atmospheric aerosols     

A. Gelencsr  T. Barcza  Gy. Kiss  . Molnr  J. Hlavay  E. Mszros 《Atmospheric Research》1998,46(3-4)

The concentrations of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are determined in atmospheric aerosol samples collected at a rural sampling site in Hungary. For the n-alkanes the chromatographic profiles are established and the average carbon number and carbon preference index (CPI) are calculated. An attempt is made to obtain the origin of n-alkanes found in atmospheric aerosol samples. Based on the results of the measurements the probable importance of a round-the-year biogenic source for the n-alkanes with CPIs close to unity is emphasized.  相似文献   

海洋生物过程在海洋吸收大气二氧化碳中的作用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

徐永福  王明星 《气象学报》1998,56(4):436-446

使用一个包括浮游生物（植物、动物和细菌）和无生命氮（有机碎片、溶解有机氮、硝酸盐和铵）的食物网来描述发生在海洋上层的生物过程。并将该生物模式分别用在佛罗里达海峡的一个固定位置和从佛罗里达海峡（２４°Ｎ,８０°Ｗ）流经挪威海（６８°Ｎ,１０°Ｅ）（扩展湾流体系,ＥＧＳＳ）的一个水块中,研究了海洋中上述的生物过程对水块吸收大气二氧化碳的影响。水块模式的结果十分明显地表明了海洋中的水华季,比包括浮游植物－浮游动物－硝酸盐体系得到的峰陡,结果更合理。扩展湾流体系中平均净初级生产力为４３ｇＣｍ－２ａ－１,小于观测值。模拟的总碱度,总二氧化碳和二氧化碳分压落在观测值的范围内,在水块吸收大气ＣＯ２的总量中生物泵的作用约占１６％。  相似文献   

Differences in the mode of incorporation and biogenicity of the principal aliphatic constituents of a Type I oil shale     

Gordon D. Love  Colin E. Snape  Anthony E. Fallick 《Organic Geochemistry》1998,28(12):797-811

Compound-specific stable carbon isotope (δ ) measurements on the aliphatic hydrocarbons released from an immature Tertiary oil shale (Göynük, Turkey) via hydropyrolysis, following solvent extraction and a milder hydrogenation treatment, have further highlighted that significant compositional differences may exist between the principal aliphatic constituents of the solvent extractable (bitumen) phase and the insoluble macromolecular network (kerogen) comprising the bulk of sedimentary organic matter. Whilst inputs from diverse sources; including algae, bacteria and terrestrial higher plants, were implied from analysis of solvent-extractable alkanes, the much larger quantities of kerogen-bound n-alkyl constituents released by hydropyrolysis had a uniform isotopic signature which could be assigned to (freshwater) algae. Remarkably, the aliphatics bound to the kerogen by relatively weak covalent bonds, liberated via catalytic hydrogenation, appeared to comprise mainly allochthonous higher plant-derived n-alkanes. These results provide further compelling evidence that the molecular constituents of bitumen and, indeed, of low-yield kerogen degradation products, are not necessarily reliable indicators of kerogen biogenicity, particularly for immature Type I source rocks. The isotopic uniformity of aliphatic n-hydrocarbons released by the high-conversion hydropyrolysis step for the ultralaminae-rich Göynük oil shale, lends further support to the theory that selective preservation of highly resistant aliphatic biomacromolecules is an important mechanism in kerogen formation, at least for alginite.  相似文献   

Trace gas measurements at the monitoring station cape point,South Africa,between 1978 and 1988     

H. E. Scheel  E. -G. Brunke  W. Seiler 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1990,11(3):197-210

Since 1978, a measuring station has been operated at Cape Point (34°21 S, 18°29 E). In this article, results of measurements of CO, CFCl₃, CCl₄, O₃, N₂O and CH₄ are presented as monthly means and analyzed with respect to long-term trends and seasonal variations. For CO and CH₄, very similar seasonal variations have been observed, indicating strong interrelations between these two gases. For CO and O₃, no significant changes of the mean annual concentrations can be established for the observation periods of 10 and 5 years, respectively. The measurements yield a growth rate of 9.1 pptv yr^-1 for CFCl₃ (1980–1987) and 0.6 ppbv yr^-1 for N₂O (1983–1987). The concentration increases of CH₄ (10.3 ppbv yr^-1 for 1983–1987) and of CCl₄ (2.1 pptv yr^-1 for 1980–1988) are analyzed for temporal changes during the last years.Presented at the Second Conference on Baseline Observations in Atmospheric Chemistry (SABOAC II) in Melbourne, Australia, November 1988.  相似文献   

Temporal Evolution of the North Pacific CO2 Uptake Rate     

Christopher L. Sabine  Richard A. Feely  Yutaka W. Watanabe  Marilyn Lamb 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(1):5-15

The recent changes in the North Pacific uptake rate of carbon have been estimated using a number of different techniques over the past decade. Recently, there has been a marked increase in the number of estimates being submitted for publication. Most of these estimates can be grouped into one of five basic techniques: carbon time-series, non-carbon tracers, carbon tracers, empirical relationships, and inverse calculations. Examples of each of these techniques as they have been applied in the North Pacific are given and the estimates summarized. The results are divided into three categories: integrated water column uptake rate estimates, mixed layer increases, and surface pCO₂ increases. Most of the published values fall under the water column integrated uptake rate category. All of the estimates varied by region and depth range of integration, but generally showed consistent patterns of increased uptake from the tropics to the subtropics. The most disagreement between the methods was in the sub-arctic Pacific. Column integrated uptake rates ranged from 0.25 to 1.3 mol m⁻²yr⁻¹. The mixed layer uptake estimates were much more consistent, with values of 1.0–1.3 μmol kg⁻¹yr⁻¹ based on direct observations and multiple linear regression approaches. Surface pCO₂ changes showed the most obvious regional variability (0.5–2.5 μatm yr⁻¹) reflecting the sensitivity of these measurements to differences in the physical and biological forcing. The different techniques used to evaluate the changes in North Pacific carbon distributions do not completely agree on the exact magnitude or spatial and temporal patterns of carbon uptake rate. Additional research is necessary to resolve these issues and better constrain the role of the North Pacific in the global carbon cycle. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

The nitrogen cycle of an East Coast, U.K. saltmarsh: II. Nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, tidal exchange     

S. Azni b Abd. Aziz  D. B. Nedwell 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1986,22(6)

Measurements of nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) showed greatest rates in the saltmarsh pans with a benthic layer of cyanobacteria present. The smallest amount of nitrogen fixation occurred on the marsh surface where a Puccinellia maritima/Halimione portulacoides plant association shaded the underlying sediment. Phototrophic nitrogen fixation was always greater than dark, chemotrophic, bacterial fixation.Only a small proportion of the total amount of ammonium, which was formed during detrital breakdown, was nitrified to nitrate. Although there is a high capacity for bacterial nitrate reduction in these sediments, the process is limited by low nitrate availability and most nitrate upon reduction is converted to ammonium rather than being denitrified to gaseous products. Denitrification does not, therefore, result in any great loss of nitrogen from the saltmarsh.There was little net import or export of nitrogen on an annual basis, although nitrate and organic-N in small particulate material was removed from tidal water by the marsh, and there was net annual export of ammonium, dissolved organic-N and organic-N in large particulate material. Losses of nitrogen by the small net tidal export and by denitrification were approximately balanced by nitrogen fixation. It was concluded that the nitrogen cycle of the Colne Point saltmarsh was balanced on an annual basis, with most nitrogen being recycled within the marsh. The saltmarsh did not apparently act as a net source of nitrogen for the adjacent estuary, although it may act as an important processor of nitrogen, removing some forms of nitrogen such as nitrate from tidal water while exporting other forms of nitrogen such as dissolved organic-N.  相似文献   

A 9-year increasing trend in mesozooplankton biomass at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series Station ALOHA   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sheridan  Cecelia C; Landry  Michael R 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2004,61(4):457-463

  相似文献   

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects     

Troussellier M.  Courties C.  Zettelmaier S. 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1995,40(6)

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.  相似文献   

南沙海域上层海水碳垂直通量的初步研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

韩舞鹰  王明彪  王汉奎 《海洋与湖沼》1994,25(3):345-348

根据１９９０年５－６月在南沙海域４个站点投放颗粒物捕集器采集样品的分析结果，计算了该海域上层海水碳垂直通量。结果表明：（１）南沙海域上层海水颗粒有机碳总生成量为２９８ｍｇ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ），其中３５％分解参与再循环，６５％以颗粒形式离开真光层向下输送；（２）颗粒有机碳向下通量为１９３ｍｇ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）。总溶解无机碳穿过跃层向上垂直通量为３６００ｍｇ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ），真光层颗粒无机碳向下通量为２７ｍ  相似文献   

东太平洋下中新统底栖有孔虫碳稳定同位素移位事件的年代学意义     

陈宗团  许东禹 《海洋科学》1994,18(1):37-41

取自东太平洋的ＣＣ４８柱状样的底栖有孔虫δ＾１３Ｃ研究结果表明，该柱状样下，中新统地层至少存在３个碳移位事件，这些事件完全能与Ｌｏｕｉｔ等（１９８３）剖面相比较，它们为该孔的地层划分提供了依据，为区域对比提供了标准，为古地磁地层学和古生物地层学研究结果的正确与否提供良好判别标志。通过这一对比研究，可以推定δ＾１３Ｃ地层是未来高分辨地层的主要研究方向之一。  相似文献