车里雅宾斯克(Chelyabinsk)陨石的岩石矿物特征与冲击变质作用     

徐于晨  王世杰  胡森  欧阳自远  林杨挺 《岩石学报》2016,32(5):1581-1590

2013年2月15日,俄罗斯车里雅宾斯克(Chelyabinsk)发生了伴随罕见的空中爆炸的大规模陨石雨事件。本文对3块代表不同冲击变质程度的车里雅宾斯克陨石碎块进行了研究。它们都具有部分熔壳,其中1块仅出现碎裂,1块含有冲击熔融细脉,1块基本由冲击熔融囊和冲击熔脉组成。冲击变质程度最低的样品,代表了该陨石母体小行星的原始岩石矿物学特征:即具有粗粒的岩石结构和均一的矿物化学组成,但仍保留一些残余球粒,表明受到了明显的热变质作用,其岩石类型可划分为5型。铁镁质硅酸盐高的Fe O含量(橄榄石Fa:27.9mol%~28.2mol%,辉石Fs值:23.3mol%~23.7mol%)、以及较低的Fe-Ni金属含量,表明其化学群属于低铁低金属的LL群。我们所分析的样品与前人报导的结果相似,未发现不同岩性的岩屑,表明车里雅宾斯克陨石的原始岩矿特征较为均一。3块陨石碎块中,随着冲击程度的增强,其冲击变质特征依次表现为硅酸盐矿物的破碎、熔长石化更为普遍、陨硫铁与铁镍合金共熔、硅酸盐熔脉的形成、铬铁矿与长石共熔、以及大量熔融囊的发育等。但是,在冲击熔融囊和熔脉中,以及相邻围岩中均未发现高压矿物相。熔脉中的橄榄石晶屑和相邻围岩的橄榄石颗粒表现为化学成分的不均一,在背散射电子图像中呈不同灰度的结构。这与其他强烈冲击变质陨石中橄榄石的林伍德石或瓦茨利石相变相似。该陨石中林伍德石或瓦茨利石的缺失很可能是由于强烈撞击后高温产生的退变质。这也表明车里雅宾斯克陨石的母体小行星可能遭受了非常强烈的撞击事件。  相似文献   

The effects of parent-body hydrothermal heating on amino acid abundances in CI-like chondrites     

《Polar Science》2014,8(3):255-263

We determined the amino acid abundances and enantiomeric compositions of the Antarctic CI1 carbonaceous chondrites Yamato (Y)-86029 and Y-980115, as well as the Ivuna and Orgueil CI1 carbonaceous chondrites by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Y-86029 and Y-980115 both show evidence of parent-body heating (500–600 °C) in addition to aqueous alteration, while Ivuna and Orgueil only show evidence for aqueous alteration. In contrast to Ivuna and Orgueil, which each contain ∼70 nmol/g of amino acids in acid-hydrolyzed, water extracts, both heated Yamato CI meteorites contain only low levels of amino acids that were primarily l-enantiomers of proteinogenic amino acids, indicating that they are likely to be terrestrial in origin. Because indigenous amino acids have been found in meteorites that have experienced metamorphic temperatures of >1000 °C with only minimal aqueous alteration, heating alone is not sufficient to explain the lack of amino acids in Y-86029 and Y-980115. Rather, our data suggest that the combination of heating and aqueous alteration has a profound destructive effect on amino acids in meteorites. This finding has implications for the origins of amino acids and other molecules in the early evolution of our solar system.  相似文献   

普通球粒陨石的物理和岩石学性质及其分类参数     

王道德  王桂琴 《地球化学》2011,40(1):35-44

不同球粒陨石群的物理和岩石学性质,包括球粒的平均大小、球粒结构类型、复合球粒、带火成边球粒及含硫化物的比例、化学组成及矿物学特征等可用以划分球粒陨石的化学-岩石类型和小行星类型,这些性质提供了不同球粒陨石群有用的分类参数及其形成环境的信息.由于不同球粒陨石群的△17O与日心距离存在有相关关系,因此,依据不同球粒陨石群形...  相似文献   

新疆库木塔格004号陨石球粒类型研究及其在球粒分类体系的应用          下载免费PDF全文

张川统缪秉魁  贺怀宇 《极地研究》2013,25(4):436-448

球粒是球粒陨石的主要组分,目前球粒分类体系主要有三种,即结构分类、FeO-SiO2分类和M-FeO-CaO分类。球粒结构分类过于依赖结构与形态,而与化学成分联系不紧密。FeO-SiO2分类体系和M-FeO-CaO分类体系在传统的结构分类体系基础上加入了矿物化学分类参数,这有利于进一步研究太阳星云演化的物理化学过程。但与结构分类相比,很少利用FeO-SiO2和M-FeO-CaO分类体系对陨石球粒进行分类。本次所研究陨石为我国新发现的沙漠陨石富集区——新疆库木塔格沙漠004号陨石（L4,S4,W3）,在对其中的球粒进行了详细普查和研究的基础上,分别利用三种分类体系对该陨石中的球粒进行分类,并进一步探讨了FeO-SiO2分类和M-FeO-CaO分类方法优缺点与应用范围。通过对比分析,提出了后两种分类方法的改进意见：针对FeO-SiO2分类体系,提出以硅酸盐中FeO=7.5%（wt%）为I型和II型球粒分界线,SiO2=47%及53%（wt%）为A型、AB型和B型球粒分界线。FeO-SiO2分类体系不仅能应用于斑状球粒,也适用非斑状球粒。对M-FeO-CaO分类体系依据辉石组分（FeO及CaO,单位wt%）对A1型（FeO＜1,CaO＞1）、A2型（FeO≈1—3,CaO＜0.5）、A5型（FeO≈11—14,CaO≈0.3—0.9）和B型（FeO＞3,CaO＜0.5）球粒的类型区间进行了初步划分。  相似文献   

The Braunschweig meteorite − a recent L6 chondrite fall in Germany     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2017,77(1):207-224

On April 23rd 2013 at 2:07 a.m., a 1.3 kg meteorite fell in the Braunschweig suburb Melverode (52° 13′ 32.19″ N. 10° 31′ 11.60″ E). Its estimated velocity was 250 km/h and it formed an impact pit in the concrete fall site with a diameter of 7 cm and a depth of 3 cm. Radial dust striae are present around the impact pit. As a result of the impact, the meteorite disintegrated into several hundred fragments with masses up to 214 g. The meteorite is a typical L6 chondrite, moderately shocked (S4) – but with a remarkably high porosity (up to 20 vol%). The meteorite was ejected from its parent body as an object with a radius of about 10–15 cm (15–50 kg). The U,Th-He gas retention age of ∼550 Ma overlaps with the main impact event on the L-chondrite parent body ∼470 Ma ago that is recorded by many shocked L chondrites. The preferred cosmic-ray exposure age derived from production of radionuclides and noble gas isotopes is (6.0 ± 1.3) Ma.  相似文献   

“Spherulite-like” jadeite growth in shock-melt veins of the Novosibirsk H5/6 chondrite     

I.S. Bazhan  Shin Ozawa  M. Miyahara  E. Ohtani  K.D. Litasov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2017,58(1):12-19

The Novosibirsk H5/6 ordinary chondrite has signs of shock metamorphism, such as dark shock-melt veins (SMVs) crossing the chondrite host rock. The plagioclase composition grains (Ab₇₈An₁₄Or₇) with jadeite were found in the host-rock fragments inside the SMVs. Jadeite has an unusual radial-concentric spherulite-like microtexture. The spherulite-like jadeite formed from the molten plagioclase grain under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions during an impact event. The crystallization was accompanied by sodium-potassium differentiation between coexisting jadeite and residual melt. The PT-conditions of jadeite formation were estimated to be 3-14 GPa and 1400-2150 °C. Jadeite crystallization, Na-K differentiation, and the pressure-temperature estimates of jadeite formation in the Novosibirsk chondrite are very close to those in the Chelyabinsk LL5 chondrite. The spherulite-like microtexture and jadeite-glass coexistence, most likely, point to a high cooling rate of the SMVs at the pressure release stage of the metamorphic process.  相似文献   

Formation of disk- and bowl-shaped igneous Ca,Al-rich inclusions: Constraints from their morphology,textures, mineralogy and modelling     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2019,79(4):125523

Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) are the oldest Solar System solids dated that formed by evaporation, condensation, aggregation and, sometimes, melting processes near the protoSun, and were subsequently dispersed throughout the protoplanetary disk by still poorly-understood mechanism(s). Here we report on the discovery of disk- and bowl-shaped centimeter-sized igneous CAIs in CV (Vigarano type) carbonaceous chondrites. Igneous CAIs of these shapes are not expected for crystallization of melt droplets in a low gravity field of the protoplanetary disk. We have tested several models for the formation of disk- and bowl-shaped igneous CAIs including: collision, aerodynamic deformation and shock flattening. We conclude that these CAIs resulted from aerodynamic deformation of CAI-like melt droplets and propose the following multistage formation scenario: (1) nearly complete melting and acceleration of CAIs at <30 km/s in the CAI-forming region having approximately solar dust/gas ratio; (2) aerodynamic deformation, ablation, deceleration, solidification at ∼30–40 K/min, Wark-Lovering rims formation, and deceleration of the CAIs entering a dust-rich inner disk wall; (3) radial drift of the solidified deformed CAIs towards the Sun; (4) heating and partial melting of the deformed CAIs by solar radiation that preserve their morphology; (5) cooling and crystallization of CAIs at ∼2 K/h; (5) radial transport of CAIs from their formation region to the outer disk.  相似文献   

The Kaidun Microbreccia Meteorite: A Harvest from the Inner and Outer Asteroid Belt     

Michael Zolensky  Andrei Ivanov 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2003,63(3):185-246

  相似文献   

南极格罗夫山陨石岩石学特征Ⅱ:平衡型普通球粒陨石   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

缪秉魁  林杨挺  欧阳自远  周新华 《极地研究》2002,14(4):288-299

我国第16次南极科考队回收的28块陨石中,除1块火星陨石、1块HED陨石和6块非平衡L3型陨石外,其余20块为平衡型普通球粒陨石。根据橄榄石的平均Fa值、低Ca辉石的平均Fs值和Fe-Ni金属含量将这20块陨石分别划分为H、L和LL等化学群;根据球粒结构、基质重结晶程度和矿物成分对这些陨石进行岩石类型的划分。由于平衡型普通球粒陨石已达热力学平衡,橄榄石和低Ca辉石的成分相当均一,并且平均Fa和Fs值均与陨石的含Fe总量呈很好的反比关系,因此橄榄石平均Fa值和低钙辉石平均Fs值是平衡型陨石重要的化学群分类标准。20块平衡型普通球粒陨石的化学-岩石类型为:6个H群(3个H4、1个H5和2个H6)、9个L群(3个L4、1个L5和5个L6)和5个LL群(2个LL4、3个LL5)。  相似文献   

球粒陨石的冲击作用与热释光特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘京发  李大红 《大地构造与成矿学》1999,23(3):262-266

测定了我国部分球粒陨石的自然热释光峰温、峰半高宽度和灵敏度, 强冲击型陨石的热释光灵敏度偏低,峰温、峰半高宽温度则偏高。岩庄陨石属天然冲击球粒陨石,具有强烈的冲击特征。测定岩庄陨石两种不同颜色冲击脉体的热释光,其强度明显地不一样,并发现该陨石的热释光具有β辐照诱发热释光位移和退火热释光位移现象。冲击作用明显地改变着热释光的各种特性。  相似文献