Subglacially precipitated carbonates record geochemical interactions and pollen preservation at the base of the Laurentide Ice Sheet on central Baffin Island,eastern Canadian Arctic     

Kurt A. Refsnider  Gifford H. Miller  Marilyn L. Fogel  Bianca Fréchette  Roxane Bowden  John T. Andrews  G. Lang Farmer 《Quaternary Research》2014

The mineralogy and isotopic compositions of subglacially precipitated carbonate crusts (SPCCs) provide information on conditions and processes beneath former glaciers and ice sheets. Here we describe SPCCs formed on gneissic bedrock at the bed of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) during the last glacial maximum on central Baffin Island. Geochemical data indicate that the Ca in the crusts was likely derived from the subglacial chemical weathering Ca-bearing minerals in the local bedrock. C and Sr isotopic analyses reveal that the C in the calcite was derived predominantly from older plant debris. The δ¹⁸O values of the SPCCs suggest that these crusts formed in isotopic equilibrium with basal ice LIS preserved in the Barnes Ice Cap (BIC). Columnar crystal fabric and the predominance of sparite over micrite in the SPCCs are indicative of carbonate precipitation under open-system conditions. However, the mean δ¹⁸O value of the calcite crusts is ~ 10‰ higher than those of primary LIS ice preserved in the BIC, demonstrating that SPCCs record the isotopic composition of only basal ice. Palynomorph assemblages preserved within the calcite and basal BIC ice include species last endemic to the Arctic in the early Tertiary. The source of these palynomorphs remains enigmatic.  相似文献   

Research Progresses and Prospect of Chimney Effect about Carbon Cycle in the Karst Cave System   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Luo Weijun Wang Shijie  Wang Shijie  Liu Xiuming 《地球科学进展》2014,29(12):1333-1340

There is a long history of several decades for the systemic study of global carbon cycles, and many important achievements have been obtained. However, these studies of carbon cycles in the karst area that accounts for about 10% of the entire Earth’s land area were paid attention gradually only in the past twenty. Recent researches suggest that karstification has important effects of the global carbon cycle. At present, scientists have had a very comprehensive and systemic understanding of various factors affecting the carbon cycle in the karst area, and estimated the carbon source or sink. However, unlike non karst area, there are generally many caves and fractures that have various sizes and morphologies in the karst area. These caves and fractures provide gas exchange between epikarst zone and atmosphere with a channel (as a window) in the karst area. There have been few reports about the role of the channel in the carbon cycle in the karst area. Previous studies have shown there is an obvious chimney effect in the karst cave system, which cannot be ignored. However, through the overview of the previous studies on carbon cycle of chimney effect in the karst cave system, we found that there were still many problems need to be further studied, such as the contribution of chimney effect to regional and global atmospheric CO₂; the regional differences, the seasonal changes and its reason (driving force) of chimney effect; the influences of chimney effect on the local ecosystem. With the development of modern science and technology (such as eddy covariance, large aperture scintillation and isotope), it becomes possible to solve the above problems. Therefore, it is necessary to use these advanced means for automatic and continuous monitoring and researching the carbon cycles in the karst cave system, which are of important significance for the researches of carbon cycles in the karst area, even for the global carbon cycle studies.  相似文献   

Facies analysis and depositional environments of the Oligocene–Miocene Asmari Formation, Zagros Basin, Iran     

Mohammad Sahraeyan  Mohammad Bahrami  Solmaz Arzaghi 《地学前缘(英文版)》2014,5(1):103-112

The Asmari Formation(a giant hydrocarbon reservoir)is a thick carbonate sequence of the Oligocenee Miocene in the Zagros Basin,southwest of Iran.This formation is exposed at Tang-e-Lendeh in the Fars interior zone with a thickness of 190 m comprising medium and thick to massive bedded carbonates.The age of the Asmari Formation in the study area is the late Oligocene(Chattian)eearly Miocene(Burdigalian).Ten microfacies are defned,characterizing a gradual shallowing upward trend;the related environments are as follows:open marine(MF 8e10),restricted lagoon(MF 6e7),shoal(MF 3e5),lagoon(MF 2),and tidal fat(MF 1).Based on the environmental interpretations,a homoclinal ramp consisting of inner and middle parts prevails.MF 3e7 are characterized by the occurrence of large and small porcelaneous benthic foraminifera representing a shallow-water setting of an inner ramp,infuenced by wave and tidal processes.MF 8e10,with large particles of coral and algae,represent a deeper fair weather wave base of a middle ramp setting.  相似文献   

“白云岩问题”与“前寒武纪之谜”研究进展   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王勇 《地球科学进展》2006,21(8):857-862

白云岩的成因是沉积学界倍受关注的研究主题;众多的白云岩化模式可以用来解释各种成岩白云岩的成因;然而原生白云岩的成因一直是困扰沉积学界的难题,被称为“白云岩问题”。究其原因主要在于：在近地表环境的常温、常压实验条件下不能生成完美有序的白云石矿物。近年来,野外观测和实验模拟研究发现某些微生物的生命活动可导致白云石于地表常温、常压条件下发生沉淀。如硫酸盐还原细菌和产烷菌的调节作用可以克服白云石晶核形成的动力学障碍,在这些厌氧菌的参与下,白云石晶核形成和沉淀并不需要高镁离子和过饱和状态的溶液环境。这种微生物学和沉积学的结合代表了一个新的研究方向,同时也为解决“白云岩问题”带来了新希望。泥晶白云岩化作用（mimetic dolomization）可以保留原矿物（文石或方解石）的晶形、原岩的微细组构,对解释地史时期保存原生构造的白云岩具重要的启示。“前寒武纪之谜”是指前寒武纪叠层石中缺乏钙化蓝细菌化石的现象。参与碳酸盐岩叠层石建造的微生物群组成可能随着地质历史的演化发生变化,蓝细菌在显生宙的叠层石建造过程中起主导作用,细胞体积更小的真细菌很可能是参与前寒武纪叠层石建造的主要微生物。  相似文献   

陆表海台地沉积充填模式及内克拉通碳酸盐岩勘探新启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈安清  杨帅  陈洪德  钟怡江  许国明  宋晓波  付斯一 《岩石学报》2017,33(4):1243-1256

内克拉通陆表海盆地是古老碳酸盐建造形成的重要场所。除其顶部风化壳岩溶储层外,广泛分布的内幕非岩溶改造的白云岩勘探长期未受到足够的重视。近年来,随着深层、超深层勘探技术的进步,内幕陆表海白云岩陆续获得油气勘探新发现,但其预测难度远比镶边台地中的礁滩"移动靶"更大。为更好地揭示这类未经岩溶改造的白云岩储层的宏观发育分布规律,本文研究了鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟期和四川盆地雷口坡期陆表海台地的高精度岩相古地理和沉积充填模式。结果表明:陆表海台地一般形成于温室期低纬度干燥气候下的稳定内克拉通盆地,与盐湖伴生的台地潮坪广泛分布是其标志性的沉积特征,微环境可进一步划分为潮上带泥云坪、上潮间带云坪、上潮间带微生物席、下潮间带席状潮缘滩、上潮下带灰云质澙湖、下潮下带膏云质澙湖;虽然内克拉通陆表海台地是一个相对静态的沉积环境,其沉积建造并非平板一块,海平面的升降变化往往会在相对平坦的陆表海内引起大幅度的相带迁移,造成潮上带、潮间带、潮下带频繁交互;相带频繁往复迁移过程中,潮间带的晶粒/颗粒/微生物白云岩受到盐湖、古隆起或潮坪岛的制约,形成大面积分布的席状富孔白云岩透镜体;陆表海沉积层序结构为典型的向上变浅序列,主要发育潮坪进积楔和潮坪岛拼嵌两种沉积充填模式,这两种模式形成的席状白云岩透镜体在层序结构和厚度都能很好地对比,通常延伸都在100km以上,甚至可跨越整个陆表海台地,是一个能够媲美台缘礁滩相的油气勘探新领域。  相似文献   

碳酸盐岩(鲕粒灰岩)最小压实量定量评价新方法——以大巴山断褶带下三叠统飞仙关组鲕粒灰岩为例     

王正和  余谦  戴婕 《海相油气地质》2017,22(3)

为了定量研究碳酸盐岩压实量,通过对大巴山断褶带下三叠统野外露头鲕粒灰岩样品,以及其中的鲕粒形态的观察与研究,认为样品中鲕粒的碟状形态是压实(压应力)作用所形成的,而且鲕粒的这种碟状形态是确认鲕粒灰岩压实作用最直观、最可靠的依据。探讨了不同成因的异形鲕粒的鉴别方法,提出了用压实变形的鲕粒来定量评价压实量的方法。考虑到鲕粒在开始变形以前还会存在一定的压实,样品中的鲕粒灰岩的最小压实量可达41.7%。  相似文献   

Impact of animal manure addition on the weathering of agricultural lime in acidic soils: The agent of carbonate weathering          下载免费PDF全文

SONG Chao  LIU Chang-li  ZHANG Yun  HOU Hong-bing 《地下水科学与工程》2017,5(2):202-212

Fertilization and aglime (agricultural lime) application, as important agricultural activities in acid soil, exert an influence on the fluxes of carbon both between and within ecosystems. Animal manure added to soil can elevate the soil CO2 and release organic acid due to microbial decomposition of the high organic matter content of animal manure. Additionally, the elevated CO2 can accelerate carbonate weathering in alkaline soil, such as lime soil. However, in acidic soil, it is unclear whether the chemical weathering of additive aglime can be quickened by the elevated CO2 due to animal manure addition. Thus, to ascertain the impact of animal manure addition on aglime weathering in acidic soil and to understand the weathering agent of aglime or underlying carbonate in the acidic soil profile, we established two contrasting profiles (control profile and manurial profile) in a cabbage-corn or capsicum-corn rotation in a field experiment site located in the HuaXi district of Guiyang, China, and buried carbonate rock tablets at different depths of soil profiles to calculate the dissolution rate of carbonate rock by monitoring the weights of the tablets. The results indicated that soil CO2 increased due to animal manure addition, but the rate of dissolution of the carbonate rock tablets was reduced, which was attributed to the increase in the pH in acidic soil after animal manure addition because the relationship between the dissolution rate of carbonate rock and soil pH indicated that the weathering rate of carbonate rock was controlled by pH and not by CO2 in acidic soil. Thus, the contribution of H+ ions (mainly exchangeable acid) in acid soil as a weathering agent to the weathering of underlying carbonate (and/or aglime) may lead to the overestimation of the CO2 consumption through chemical weathering at the regional/global scale using hydro-chemical methods.  相似文献   

Three-dimensional stratigraphic-sedimentological forward modeling of an Aptian carbonate reservoir deposited during the sag stage in the Santos basin,Brazil     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

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Dinantian sedimentation and the basement structure of the Derbyshire Dome     

Peter Gutteridge 《Geological Journal》1987,22(1):25-41

The depositional history of the Dinantian on the Derbyshire Dome can be divided into three phases: (1) pre-Holkerian: onlap of an irregular basement surface by evaporite and carbonate sediments, (2) Holkerian to Asbian: sedimentation on a carbonate shelf formed by the merging of early Dinantian depocentres following burial of the basement topography, and (3) Brigantian: formation of intrashelf basins and the development of a carbonate ramp on part of the pre-existing shelf. A model of the basement structure underlying the Derbyshire Dome is presented to explain the location of the Brigantian intrashelf basins and carbonate ramp. The basement consists of two main tilted fault blocks separated by a smaller tilt block. Movement on faults bounding the tilt blocks caused the development of intrashelf basins. The basin margins were controlled by structures which developed in the cover sediments. The carbonate ramp present during the late Brigantian developed in response to an eastward tilting of the basement.  相似文献