Cd2+对三疣梭子蟹的毒性效应研究          下载免费PDF全文

宋国林  母昌考  李荣华  王春琳 《海洋学研究》2016,34(1):61-66

本研究以三疣梭子蟹Portunus trituberculatus为研究对象,通过急性和亚急性暴露试验,研究Cd²⁺对其肝胰腺和鳃的毒性效应。结果表明:Cd²⁺对三疣梭子蟹的48、72和96 h半致死质量浓度分别为6.55、4.33和3.12 mg/L,Cd²⁺对三疣梭子蟹的安全质量浓度为0.31 mg/L;在安全质量浓度和渔业水质标准质量浓度(<0.005 mg/L)下,随着暴露时间的延长,三疣梭子蟹的肝胰腺和鳃中HSP70的表达量都出现“先升后降”的趋势,与对照组相比,鳃中HSP70的表达量比肝胰腺的变化明显。在安全质量浓度以下,三疣梭子蟹的存活率并没有明显的变化,但是HSP70的诱导表达反映机体受到Cd²⁺的胁迫。因此HSP70基因可用作低质量浓度Cd²⁺污染检测的生物标志物。  相似文献   

分散元素--金矿床中应引起注意的地球化学信息   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

司荣军顾雪祥  周登诗高鹏 杨升岐 《地质与勘探》2006,42(1):68-71

分散元素Te、Se、Cd、Tl在某些类型金矿中可以富集,是黄金找矿的重要指示元素,甚至是最重要的指示元素。Te、Se主要富集在与碱性岩浆活动有关的金矿中,Cd主要富集在火山热液型金矿和古老结晶基底内的糜棱岩型金矿中,而Tl则在卡林型金矿中富集．分散元素在金矿床中的地球化学信息丰富了黄金找矿方法理论,拓宽了找矿思路．  相似文献   

Sphalerite Chemistry,Niujiaotang Cd—Rich Zinc Deposit,Guizhou,Southwest China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Ye Lin  Liu Tiegeng 《中国地球化学学报》1999,18(1):62-68

Sphalerite in the Niujiaotang Cd-rich zinc deposit, Duyun, Guizhou is characteristically light-yellow in color with significant enrichment of cadmium which ranges from 0.83% to 1.97% (averaging 1.38%) in concentration in the mineral, corresponding to an enrichment coefficient as high as 30. 47 to 72. 96. In comparison with other major Pb−Zn deposits in the world (the Mississippi Valley deposits, and the Fankou and Jinding deposits in China) the Niujiaotang deposit isn ⁻ n×10 times richer in cadmium. Sphalerite in the deposit is also rich in Ga and Ge, but poor in In, Mn and Fe, suggesting some special mechanisms that govern the geochemical behavior of these trace elements. Except for a minor amount of independent minerals like greenockite, cadmium occurs mainly as isomorphous impurity in the crystal lattice of sphalerite. During weathering and leaching under supergene condition, cadmium was separated from Zn, resulting in some secondary minerals of Cd, including oxides and otavite. This project was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 496-33110) and the Laboratory Foundation of Ore Deposit Geochemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences.  相似文献   

Chemical fractionation of zinc versus cadmium among other metals nickel, copper and lead in the northern North Sea     

Rob F. Nolting  Hein J. W. de Baar  Klaas R. Timmermans  Karel Bakker 《Marine Chemistry》1999,67(3-4)

Concentrations of dissolved Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were measured in water samples collected during a cruise with R.V Pelagia (29-6/14-7-1993) in the northern North Sea and N.E. Atlantic Ocean. At least six depths (0–90 m) were sampled with modified Go-Flo samplers from a rubber zodiac. In the study area, the first 25 m were well mixed and stratification occurred below this depth. The local bloom of Emiliania huxleyi hardly affected the trace metals concentration, except for some removal of Cd as seen from its correlation with nitrate. The mean dissolved concentrations were for Ni (3.66 nM), Cu (1.61 nM), Zn (4.5 nM), Cd (48 pM) and Pb (108 pM). These concentrations are among the lowest reported for the North Sea and are of similar magnitude to those found in the eastern North Atlantic at the same latitude. Zn was the only exception with values 10 times higher compared to those in the Atlantic Ocean, suggesting external inputs, mainly atmospheric and possibly from surrounding land masses. The observed ratio Zn:Cd in the North Sea and estuaries is in between the high ratio 600–900 for continental sources and the low ratio 5–10 for oceanic waters. Latter low ratio is consistent with the 21-fold stronger inorganic complexation of Cd in seawater which, in combination with the preferential biological uptake of Zn, may lead to the observed about hundredfold fractionation of Zn versus Cd in the marine system. Other processes may play a role but would need further investigation. The dissolved Pb values tend to be lower than found before in the North Sea, indicating decreasing inventories due to reduced anthropogenic emissions.  相似文献   

Biosorption and desorption of Cd^2＋ from wastewater by dehydrated shreds of Cladophorafascicularis     

邓莉萍  朱校斌  苏营营  苏华  王新亭 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(1):45-49

The adsorption and desorption of algae Cladophora fascicularis and their relation with initial Cd^2＋ concentration, initial pH, and co-existing ions were studied. Adsorption equilibrium and biosorption kinetics were established from batch experiments. The adsorption equilibrium was adequately described by the Langmuir isotherm, and biosorption kinetics was in pseudo-second order model. The experiment on co-existing ions showed that the biosorption capacity of biomass decreased with an increasing concentration of competing ions. Desorption experiments indicated that EDTA was efficient desorbent for recovery from Cd^2＋. With high capacities of metal biosorption and desorption, the biomass of Cladophora fascicularis is promising as a cost-effective biosorbent for the removal of Cd^2＋ from wastewater.  相似文献   

石墨炉原子吸收光谱测化探样品痕量镉的改进     

唐毅  徐玉蓉  欧阳义华  李凤玲  余红 《云南地质》2009,28(3):322-326

采用ThermoFisher（热电）SOLAAR M6（Themo Electron Corporation）原子吸收分光光度计,以磷酸氢二铵为基体改进剂测定化探样品中痕量镉。方法检出限DL=0．011μg/g,精密度RSD在2．24％～6．45％,满足化探样品中痕量镉的测定要求。  相似文献   

长江流域沿江镉异常源追踪与定量评估的研究框架   总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16  

成杭新  杨忠芳  奚小环  赵传冬  吴新民  庄广民  刘英汉  陈国光 《地学前缘》2005,12(1):261-272

Cd属于积蓄性有毒元素,引起慢性中毒的潜伏期可达10~30 年之久。中国正在进行的多目标地球化学调查成果显示,长江流域存在全流域的Cd异常。对长江上、中、下游冲洪积物中Cd质量分数的初步研究,发现长江流域Cd异常以自然风化作用为主。针对长江流域Cd异常的特点,在统一技术规范的基础上采用枯、丰水期悬浮物测量技术、河漫滩/泛滥平原沉积物沉积柱分层采样技术,同位素测年技术来建立长江各支流Cd输入通量的时空变化模型和定量评估方法,估算长江各支流的Cd输入通量,使分散于沿江各省的区域地球化学评价置于同一平台,从而为全面研究长江流域Cd异常的形成机理创造条件。  相似文献   

长江三角洲典型地区土壤-水稻系统中Cd的分布及其迁移制约因素     

陈岭啸  宋垠先  袁旭音  杨忠芳  陈旸  陈骏  季峻峰 《西安地质学院学报》2011,(3):288-295

为了弄清楚长江三角洲土壤-水稻系统中Cd污染和迁移制约因素,采集了典型地区的水稻土壤、秸秆、籽实等样品共66组,测试了这些样品中重金属元素和常量元素的含量、土壤pH值和总有机碳含量等参数指标,并对这些参数进行相关性分析,评估水稻土壤与籽实中的Cd污染,探讨Cd空间分布,讨论土壤中pH值和有机质以及其他金属元素对Cd在水稻中积累的制约作用。结果表明：长江三角洲典型地区水稻土壤和籽实都存在Cd含量超标现象,土壤样品中Cd质量分数为（81.39～1 441.00）×10-9,平均值277.40×10-9,而水稻籽实样品中Cd质量分数为（10.44～692.40）×10-9,平均值55.63×10-9;根据土壤环境质量标准（GB 15618—1995）的二级标准,水稻土壤超标率为9.09%,超标样品主要分布在苏州、镇江和常州;根据食品中污染物的限量标准（GB 2762—2005）,水稻籽实Cd含量超标率为4.55%,超标样品集中在苏州和无锡;影响水稻积累Cd的因素有土壤中总有机碳、CaO、MgO、P的含量和pH值;水稻中S和Se含量与Cd含量关系密切,Cd与Zn表现为协同作用,土壤中S、Se和Zn的含量对水稻积累Cd无明显影响;提高土壤中pH值以及增加土壤总有机碳含量,能适当降低水稻中Cd的积累,适当增加土壤中Ca、Mg和P的含量能在一定程度上降低水稻对Cd的吸收。  相似文献   

铜镉渣中总锌的容量法测定     

杨毅  黄晓林 《云南地质》2011,30(2):208-209

用二次分离法将氨分离滤液中的干扰离子生成氢氧化物沉淀,消除有色金属离子的干扰,锌回收良好,电锌铜镉渣试样中测定总锌结果令人满意.  相似文献   

Simultaneous Determination of Cd,In, Tl and Bi by Isotope Dilution‐Internal Standardisation ICP‐QMS with Corrections Using Externally Measured MoO+/Mo+ Ratios     

Akio Makishima  Hiroshi Kitagawa  Eizo Nakamura 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2011,35(1):57-67

A method for the simultaneous determination of Cd with In, Tl and Bi by isotope dilution‐internal standardisation (ID‐IS) ICP‐QMS using the same aliquot for rare earth element and other trace element determinations was developed. Samples mixed with an enriched ¹⁴⁹Sm spike were decomposed using a HF‐HClO₄ mixture, which was evaporated and then diluted with HNO₃. After determination of Sm by ID‐ICP‐QMS and Cd, In, Tl and Bi concentrations were determined using the ¹⁴⁹Sm intensity as an internal standard. The interference of MoO⁺ on Cd⁺ was corrected using the MoO⁺/Mo⁺ ratio separately measured using a Mo standard solution, and the validity of the externally determined oxide‐forming ratio correction was evaluated. The MoO⁺/Mo⁺ ratios measured using the standard solution and samples were ～ 0.0002 and < 0.002, respectively. Detection limits for Cd, In, Tl and Bi in silicate samples were at levels of < 1 ng g^?1 with a total uncertainty of < 7%. Cadmium in the carbonaceous chondrites, Orgueil (CI1), Murchison (CM2) and Allende (CV3) as well as Cd, In, Tl and Bi in the reference materials, JB‐2, JB‐3, JA‐1, JA‐2, JA‐3, JP‐1 (GSJ), BHVO‐1, AGV‐1, PCC‐1 and DTS‐1 (USGS) and NIST SRM 610, 612, 614 and 616 were determined to show the applicability of this method.  相似文献