Development and management of a coastal litter campaign: The voluntary coastal partnership approach     

K.L. Storrier  D.J. McGlashan 《Marine Policy》2006

The Forth Estuary Forum's Coastal Litter Campaign aimed to develop and implement a community involvement and public awareness-raising programme intended to tackle and monitor the issue of marine litter in the Firth of Forth, Scotland. Beach cleans are an excellent public participation exercise, focusing the public's attention on the issue of marine litter and creating a sense of environmental responsibility. Raising public awareness is the only guaranteed way of reducing marine litter. A combination of education, provision of adequate waste reception facilities and enforcement of legislation is needed to tackle beach litter.  相似文献   

Analysis of coastal damage of a beach profile under the protection of emergent vegetation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

U. Türker  O. Yagci  M.S. Kabdal&#x; 《Ocean Engineering》2006,33(5-6):810-828

The primary objective of the study was to experimentally explore the protection performance of the emergent vegetation on the morphological changes of a coastal zone. The experiments were conducted under both regular and irregular waves in two different wave flumes. A dimensionless number was derived to characterize the beach profile response under the protection of emergent vegetation. Accordingly, empirical relations were derived that explained the pattern exhibited by the experimental data. The list of wave parameters and beach erosion related functions were incorporated in relation to vegetation intensity in order to define coastal zone response. The relationships of these functions followed good trends with the derived dimensionless number. The findings showed that fall speed parameter is not necessarily involved whereas depth parameter is an important factor while defining the damage. The damage parameter is also considered to formulate the limits of dynamic and static stability of beach profiles under the protection of emergent vegetation.  相似文献   

Infragravity waves at a dissipative coast; evidence upon multi-resolution analysis     

Grzegorz Różyński 《Coastal Engineering》2007

  相似文献   

The effects of sediment characteristics and wave height on shape-parameter for representing equilibrium beach profiles     

U. Türker  M.S. Kabdal&#x; 《Ocean Engineering》2006,33(2):281-291

The shape parameter helps determining the shape of equilibrium beach profile in terms of offshore distance and water depth. The shape parameter therefore, should represent the effect of all the environmental factors involved in beach profile formation, such as wave climate and sediment properties. However, all the previous studies carried out to define shape parameter only consider the effects of sediment characteristics in their definitions. The aim of this study is to add the effect of wave climate also in the definition of shape parameter. This is achieved by integrating wave energy dissipation rate per unit volume at the surf zone. The result yields equilibrium wave energy dissipation rate that leads to theoretical definition of equilibrium beach profiles involving the effects of both the grain size and the wave climate parameters. It is found that the sediment grain size and the incoming wave height affect the value of shape parameter; whereas, the effects of wave period can be neglected. By means of energy equation, it is also possible to observe in macro scale the strength of wave energy on beach profile for different grain sizes. The findings also bring about the possibility of defining shape parameter such that any two arbitrary beach profiles owning the same sediment grain sizes can have the opportunity to have different beach profile formations. Finally, by adding the effect of wave height in the definition of shape parameter the graphical representation of the parameter, previously given by Moore (1982) is improved herein.  相似文献   

Verification of sediment transport rate parameter on cross-shore sediment transport analysis     

U. Türker  M.S. Kabdal&#x; 《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(8-9):1096-1103

The sediment transport parameter helps determining the amount of sediment transport in cross-shore direction. The sediment transport parameter therefore, should represent the effect of necessary environmental factors involved in cross-shore beach profile formation. However, all the previous studies carried out for defining shape parameter consider the parameter as a calibration value. The aim of this study is to add the effect of wave climate and grain size characteristics in the definition of transport rate parameter and thus witness their influence on the parameter. This is achieved by taking the difference in between “the equilibrium wave energy dissipation rate” and “the wave energy dissipation rate” to generate a definition for the bulk of sediment, dislocating within a given time interval until the beach tends reach an equilibrium conditions. The result yields that empirical definition of transport rate parameter primarily governs the time response of the beach profile. Smaller transport rate value gives a longer elapsed time before equilibrium is attained on the beach profile. It is shown that any significant change in sediment diameter or wave climate proportionally increases the value of the shape parameter. However, the effect of change in wave height or period on sediment transport parameter is not as credit to as mean sediment characteristics.  相似文献   

Numerical study on wave-induced filtration flow across the beach face and its effects on swash zone sediment transport   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Md. Azharul Hoque  Toshiyuki Asano 《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(14-15):2033-2044

A numerical model, coupling an analysis of beach groundwater flow with an analysis of swash wave motion over a uniform slope, is presented. Model calculations are performed to investigate the variations of swash-induced filtration flows across the beach face for different input parameters. Swash zone sediment transport under the influence of such filtration flow across the beach face is investigated through modification of effective weight of sediment particle and modification of swash boundary layer thickness. These effects are quantified based on a bed load transport model with a modified Shields parameter.  相似文献   

套子湾沿岸加积型滩脊成因及其环境意义     

张振克  金秉福 《海洋科学》1997,21(2):56-58

讨论套子湾沿岸加岸加积型滩积的成因及其环境意义，提出滩脊→加积型滩脊→海岸沙丘的地貌发育模式，加积型滩脊的形成发展与海岸环境变化密切相关。  相似文献   

Sediment trend models fail to reproduce small-scale sediment transport patterns on an intertidal beach   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

GERHARD MASSELINK  DANIEL BUSCOMBE  MARTIN AUSTIN†  TIM O'HARE†  PAUL RUSSELL† 《Sedimentology》2008,55(3):667-687

A rigorous test is presented of the application of sediment trend models to an intertidal beach environment characterized by bar morphology. Sediment samples were collected during low tide from a regular grid and their sediment fall velocity distributions, obtained using a settling tube, were analysed using moment analysis. The net sediment transport direction determined from beach surveys, hydrodynamic measurements, wave ripple observations and sediment transport modelling was compared with predictions by sediment trend models based on the spatial distribution of sediment parameters. It was found that the sediment transport pathways and patterns of sedimentation predicted using sediment trend models were at odds with field observations, and varied significantly depending on whether surface or sub‐surface sediment samples were used. The sediment trend models are thought to fail because, in energetic and morphologically variable beach environments, spatial patterns in sediment characteristics are mainly attributed to the presence of different hydrodynamic regions and associated morphology, rather than sediment pathways. The use of sediment trend models cannot replace the collection of morphological, hydrodynamic and sediment transport data in the field to define relationships between flows, forms and sedimentation patterns on a dynamic intertidal beach.  相似文献   

四川盆地中部龙王庙组滩相储层特征及形成机制     

代林呈  王兴志  杜双宇  杨雪飞  杨跃明 《海相油气地质》2016,(1):19-28

依据岩心、常规薄片及铸体薄片、物性分析、压汞等资料的研究,四川盆地中部下寒武统龙王庙组滩相储层为发育良好的中低孔、低渗的孔隙型储层及裂缝—孔隙型储层。储集岩主要为砂屑白云岩、鲕粒白云岩与具残余颗粒结构的粉—细晶白云岩,储集空间主要包括粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、晶间溶孔、铸模孔、残余粒间孔、裂缝及溶洞,孔喉配置关系好。储层形成机制研究表明,滩核和滩翼微相有利于储层发育,滩相储层在沉积早期具有典型的宏观非均质性,这为储层的形成与演化提供了物质基础。同生岩溶作用控制了早期储层的孔隙演化,表生岩溶作用决定了储层分布的基本特征,埋藏岩溶作用有利于先期孔渗层的优化改造。提出滩相储层的演化主要经历三个阶段,其中沉积—同生成岩阶段是早期优质储层形成的关键时期,表生岩溶改造阶段是滩相储层大规模增孔时期,埋藏成岩阶段为滩相储层孔隙调整和稳定时期。  相似文献   

Application of data assimilation with the Root Zone Water Quality Model for soil moisture profile estimation in the upper Cedar Creek,Indiana     

Eunjin Han  Venkatesh Merwade  Gary C. Heathman 《水文研究》2012,26(11):1707-1719

Data assimilation techniques have been proven as an effective tool to improve model forecasts by combining information about observed variables in many areas. This article examines the potential of assimilating surface soil moisture observations into a field‐scale hydrological model, the Root Zone Water Quality Model, to improve soil moisture estimation. The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), a popular data assimilation technique for nonlinear systems, was applied and compared with a simple direct insertion method. In situ soil moisture data at four different depths (5, 20, 40, and 60 cm) from two agricultural fields (AS1 and AS2) in northeastern Indiana were used for assimilation and validation purposes. Through daily update, the EnKF improved soil moisture estimation compared with the direct insertion method and model results without assimilation, having more distinct improvement at the 5 and 20 cm depths than for deeper layers (40 and 60 cm). Local vertical soil property heterogeneity in AS1 deteriorated soil moisture estimates with the EnKF. Removal of systematic bias in the forecast model was found to be critical for more successful soil moisture data assimilation studies. This study also demonstrates that a more frequent update generally contributes in enhancing the open loop simulation; however, large forecasting error can prevent more frequent update from providing better results. In addition, results indicate that various ensemble sizes make little difference in the assimilation results. An ensemble of 100 members produced results that were comparable with results obtained from larger ensembles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献