西昆仑山大红柳滩断裂一线的新生代熔岩被及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

漆树基 《新疆地质》1989,(2)

沿西昆仑山大红柳滩断裂有三处新生代溶岩被,其岩性主要为中—基性喷出岩,形成时代分别为上新世及晚更新世.火山机体呈串珠状沿断裂展布,属陆相中心式喷发类型.各处的喷发次数、喷发强度、喷发性质、岩石化学特征既有共同的特点,也有明显的差异.这些特征与康西瓦深断裂东段的乌鲁克库勒地区及东昆仑南缘深断裂的黑石湖、鲸鱼湖地区的新生代火山活动特征完全可以对比.新生代以来,由于印度板块与欧亚板块强烈碰撞,使青藏高原急剧抬升,高原内部构造进一步复杂化,同时,使大红柳滩断裂产生了近50km的水平位移,形成当今的状况.  相似文献   

西藏阿里地区北部新生代火山岩—兼论陆内俯冲作用   总被引：9，自引：4，他引：9  

邓万明 《岩石学报》1989,5(3)

本文研究了新南藏北昆仑山南侧新生代火山岩的地质学、岩石学和主要元素、痕量元素地球化学特征;划分出以新第三纪喷发为主的碱性火山岩带(南带)和与之伴随的第四纪钙碱性火山岩带(北带);用塔里木大陆岩石圈向青藏高原下面的俯冲机制解释了本区火山岩的成因,并且认为陆内俯冲作用不但可以说明中国西部诸山系的近期上升,而且可以运用于所有地壳厚度异常的碰撞带,因而具有普遍的意义。作者划分出具有不同地质特色的昆仑山型和喜马拉雅型两种陆内俯冲模式。  相似文献   

吉林伊通新生代玄武岩的岩浆起源   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

武殿英 《岩石学报》1989,5(2):65-75

沿伊通断裂带分布的新生代碱性玄武岩具幔源原生岩浆特点,与其所含的上地幔二辉橄榄岩之间有成分上的互补关系,后者是熔出玄武岩浆后的难熔残余,其熔融程度为7.2—9.8％。据此,利用玄武岩浆与包体矿物平衡反应关系,借助于热力学计算,估算了本区玄武岩浆的起源条件:T=1370—1405℃、P=1.88—2.08GPa。这大致相当于65—70km左右深度,说明岩浆起源于含角闪石的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩层。  相似文献   

吉林省长白山地区新生代火山岩的特点及其成因   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7  

田丰  汤德平 《岩石学报》1989,5(2):49-64

长白山地区新生代火山岩是一套玄武岩、粗面岩和钠闪碱流岩的双峰式火山岩组合。玄武岩类分别属于碱性玄武岩系列和拉斑玄武岩系列。奶头山期玄武岩是幔源原生岩浆直接喷发于地表的产物,其他各期玄武岩是幔源原生岩浆经历了一定程度分异作用的产物。粗面岩和钠闪碱流岩与玄武岩有成因联系,可能是玄武岩浆通过分离结晶作用而形成的。本区新生代火山岩是大陆裂谷构造环境下的产物,是在地幔增温和底辞上升过程中形成的。  相似文献   

东海瓯江凹陷新生界沉积相的演化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周平  林志强 《地质科技情报》1992,11(4):31-34

瓯江凹陷是东海陆架盆地重点生油气凹陷之一,它在新生代经历断陷、坳陷、区域抬升和区域沉降四个阶段,在纵向序列上表现为三次明显的海进和二次海退。另外,每个时期又受各种因素影响,在凹陷内不同部位分别形成不同的沉积相,这一切与油气的生成、聚集有着极为密切的联系。  相似文献   

内蒙锡盟新生代玄武岩的岩石学研究   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6  

杨建军 《岩石学报》1988,4(2)

依照地层顺序和火山机构的完好程度,内蒙锡盟新生代玄武岩可粗略划分为三期。各期玄武岩又可分出若干层(次)。玄武岩由含量不等的橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石斑晶及基质组成。部分玄武岩含有二辉橄榄岩等深源包体。斑晶矿物均具有成分环带。矿物化学、岩石化学资料揭示出本区玄武岩从原生岩浆到进化岩浆的主要演化机制是以橄榄石为主的分离结晶作用,同时在部分进化岩浆中还存在岩浆混合作用。稀土元素资料还指出了一个形成本区原生岩浆以及派生岩浆的原生母岩浆的重要机制:上地幔渐进的部分熔融作用。  相似文献   

东海新生代构造运动对比   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈颐亨 《上海国土资源》1988,(2)

东海面积大、构造复杂,不同构造单元的发展史有一定差异,因而与沉积和构造圈闭发育有关的地壳运动时代、幕次的性质和表现形式的对比就为人们所关注,更主要的是它们对矿产的形成,特别是油气的聚集息息相关。为此作者据国内外有关东海的地质和地球物理资料,从生物地层学、地震地层学、同位素测年和变质期,以及岩浆活动诸方面对之进行了评述与对比,并特别强调了早第三纪末玉泉运动和中新世末龙井运动对东海油气田形成的重要意义。  相似文献   

新疆伊犁盆地西北缘红山嘴断裂特征与最新活动     

袁四化  白相东  梁文天  迟宝明  李瑛  马恒  韩鹏 《地质通报》2016,35(1):117-122

红山嘴断裂位于新疆霍城县,是伊犁盆地北缘前陆褶冲带的前锋断裂。断裂走向NWW,倾向NNW。野外地质调查表明,断裂在地表主要表现为高角度逆冲断层,倾角超过50°。断裂上盘主要由新近系红层组成,下盘为上更新统黄土和全新统。综合野外地层接触关系和区域构造研究表明,红山嘴断裂可能形成于早更新世末,错断地层表明红山嘴断裂在晚第四纪以来发生过强烈的活动,最新活动表现在断错全新统松散砂砾石层。  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of Miocene alkaline volcanic suites from western Bohemia: whole rock geochemistry and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic signatures     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(1):77-93

The Mid to Late Miocene intraplate alkaline volcanic suites of western Bohemia are relict of the intensive voluminous volcanism accompanied by large-scale uplift and doming. The association with the uplift of the NE flank of the Cheb–Domažlice Graben (CDG) is uncertain in view of the mostly transpressional tectonics of the graben. The volcanism is most probably of the Ohře/Eger Rift off-rift settings. Two cogenetic volcanic suites have been recognised: (i) silica-saturated to oversaturated consisting of olivine basalt–trachybasalt-(basaltic) trachyandesite–trachyte–rhyolite (13.5 to 10.2 Ma) and (ii) silica-undersaturated (significantly Ne-normative) (melilite-bearing) olivine nephelinite–basanite–tephrite (18.3 to 6.25 Ma). A common mantle source is suggested by similar primitive mantle-normalised incompatible element patterns and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions for the assumed near-primary mantle-derived compositions of both suites, i.e., olivine basalt and olivine nephelinite. Apparently, they were generated by different degrees of partial melting of a common mantle source, with garnet, olivine and clinopyroxene in the residuum. Negative Rb and K anomalies indicate a residual K-phase (amphibole/phlogopite) and melting of partly metasomatised mantle lithosphere. The evolution of the basanite–olivine basalt–trachybasalt-(basaltic) trachyandesite–trachyte–rhyolite suite suggests the presence of an assimilation–fractional crystallization process (AFC). Substantial fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene, Fe–Ti oxide, plagioclase/alkali feldspar and apatite accompanied by a significant assimilation of magma en route by crustal material is most evident in evolved member, namely, trachytes and rhyolites. The magmas were probably sourced by both sub-lithospheric and lithospheric partly metasomatised mantle. The evolution of the (melilite-bearing) olivine nephelinite–basanite–tephrite suite is less clear because of its limited extent. Parental magma of both these rock suites is inferred to have originated by low-degree melting of the mantle source initiated at ca. 18 Ma and reflects mixing of asthenosphere-derived melts with isotopically enriched lithospheric melts. The older Oligocene alkaline rocks (29–26 Ma) occur within the Cheb–Domažlice Graben (CDG) locally but are significant in the closely adjacent neighbouring western Ohře Rift. The Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic composition of primitive volcanic rocks of both suites is similar to that of the European Asthenospheric Reservoir (EAR). Initial Pb isotopic data plot partly above the northern hemisphere reference line at radiogenic ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of ∼19 to 20, and indicate the presence of a Variscan crustal component in the source.  相似文献   

Emergence of the Canadian Rockies and adjacent plains: A comparison of physiography between end-of-Laramide time and the present day     

Gerald Osborn  Glen Stockmal  Rebecca Haspel 《Geomorphology》2006,75(3-4):450

The landscape of the Canadian Rockies in southern Alberta is not a direct result of constructional processes; that is, the ridges and peaks have not been pushed into the positions in which we see them today. Tectonic activity provided original elevation but not mountains: at the end of Laramide time, what are now the front ranges and foothills of the Rockies comprised a high-elevation upland of relatively low relief. The present mountain physiography is the result of 55–60 million years of post-orogenic differential erosion, in which more resistant rocks have been left at higher elevations than less-resistant rocks.The Canadian Rockies and the foothills are developed in a thin-skinned, thrust-and-fold belt created during the Laramide Orogeny; the adjacent Interior Plains cut across foreland basin sediments derived from the mountains. The mountains currently consist of large parts of ridges of well-indurated Paleozoic and, locally, Proterozoic rock alternating with valleys developed in soft Mesozoic clastic rock. In the foothills, where the soft Mesozoic rock is at the surface, relief is subdued, but ridges of more-resistant sandstone rise above shaley lowlands. The plains are relatively flat but also contain erosional outliers of higher paleo-plains-surfaces.Numerous lines of evidence suggest that the mountains and foothills have lost several kilometers of overburden since the end of the Laramide Orogeny, while the western plains have lost at least 2 km, requiring that the local relief of the mountains and foothills that we see is erosional in origin. Local physiography is adjusted to lithology: the mountains have high relief because the exposed sub-Mesozoic rocks can hold up high, steep slopes, whereas the foothills have low relief because the underlying Cretaceous rocks cannot hold up high, steep slopes. The east-facing escarpment at the mountain front is a fault-line scarp along a low-angle thrust.Mesozoic rocks involved in the deformation originally extended all the way across the thrust and fold belt, and physiography of the belt at the end of Laramide time (60–55 Ma) depended mainly on whether Mesozoic or Paleozoic/Proterozoic rocks were exposed at the surface at that time. A reconstruction using critical-taper theory generally agrees with reconstructions from earlier stratigraphic and paleothermometry studies: what are now the front ranges at the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains were mostly or perhaps entirely covered with Mesozoic rocks and despite that high elevation had a hilly, not mountainous, character. The main ranges, in the central Rocky Mountains, were in part stripped of Mesozoic cover by then and more mountainous. Treeline was higher then, and the thrust belt may have been largely or entirely vegetated. Generation of modern relief in the front ranges, including the escarpment at the mountain front, had to await stripping of Mesozoic rocks and incision of rivers into harder substrates in post-Laramide time.The Interior Plains are an erosional surface that was cut 1 to 3 km below the aggradational top of the foreland basin sediments. Although some of the present low local relief of the plains results from weakness of underlying Cretaceous/Tertiary rocks, the low relief is probably largely related to the process of denudation.  相似文献