The Central Andean gravity high, a relic of an old subduction complex?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H. -J. Gtze  S. Krause 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2002,14(8):48

The Central Andean gravity high (CAGH) is a positive anomaly in isostatic residual gravity with its center located at the western flank of the Central Andes at about 24°S. The gravity was analyzed by various methods to draw quantitative conclusions about the sources of this anomaly and their process of formation. Methods include the analysis of the gravity gradients, power spectrum, wavelength filters, and Euler deconvolution.Numerical investigations of gravity field in the area of the CAGH indicate the presence of a dense body of nearly 400 km length and about 100–140 km width, that masses lie at varying depths between 10 and 38 km. A correlation between the location of the residual anomalies and the topographic lows in the area between the Salars de Atacama and Pipanaco is observed, which indicates the strong influence of the anomalous-causing rocks of the CAGH within the formation process of the Andean orogen. An influence of these causing bodies of rock on the trend of Holocene volcanic arc is likely. Genesis of the anomalous dense formations of rock could be traced back to Ordovician–Silurian time when a pre-Andean subduction zone is postulated in the region of northern Chile with its corresponding volcanic arc in the region of the CAGH.

Zusammenfassung

El campo de gravedad alto de los Andes Centrales (CAGH) consiste en una pronunciada anomalía positiva de la gravedad isostática, cuyo centro se encuentra en el borde oeste de los Andes Centrales a los 24°S. En este estudio se analizó el campo de gravedad mediante distintos métodos, de manera de poder establecer conclusiones cuantitativas sobre el causante de esta anomalía y el proceso de formación de este causante.La investigación numérica de las anomalías gravimétricas del CAGH indica la presencia de un cuerpo de alta densidad con aproximadamente 400 km de largo y 100–140 km de ancho, que se encuentra a profundidades variables entre 10 y 38 km. Se observa una correlación entre la posición de la anomalía residual y los bajos topográficos en los areas de Salares de Atacama, Arizaro, Antofalla y Pipanaco, la cual indica una fuerte influencia de rocas productoras de la anomalía en el CAGH, dentro del proceso de formación del orógeno andino. Es probable que estos cuerpos de rocas causantes de la anomalía tengan incluso influencia en el alineamiento del arco volcánico holocénico. La generación de cuerpos de rocas con una densidad anómala puede remontarse al Ordovícico–Silúrico, tiempo para el que postula una subducción pre-Andina en la región del norte de Chile y que corresponde con el arco volcánico en la región del CAGH.  相似文献   

Natural Gas Hazard (CO2, 222 Rn) within a Quiescent Volcanic Region and Its Relations with Tectonics: The Case of the Ciampino-Marino Area, Alban Hills Volcano, Italy     

L. Pizzino  G. Galli  C. Mancini  F. Quattrocchi  P. Scarlato 《Natural Hazards》2002,27(3):257-287

Groundwater surveys were performed by detailed(around 300 sites) grid-analysis of water temperature, pH, redox potential, electrical conductivity, ²²²Rn, alkalinity and by calculating the pCO₂, throughout the Ciampino and Marino towns in the Alban Hills quiescent volcano (Central Italy). Following several episodes of dangerous CO₂ exhalation from soils during the last 20 years and earlier ashistorically recorded, the work aimed at assessing the Natural Gas Hazard (NGH) including the indoor-Rn hazard. The NGH was defined as the probability of an area to become a site of poisonous peri-volcanic gas exhalations from soils to the lower atmosphere (comprising buildings). CO₂ was found to be a ``carrier' for the other poisonous minor and in trace components (H<sub>s</sub>S, CH<sub>4</sub>, <sup>222</sup>Rn, etc.). This assessment was performed by extrapolating in the aquifer CO<sub>2</sub> and <sup>222</sup>Rn conditions, and discriminating sectors where future CO<sub>2</sub> flux in soils as well as indoor-Rn measurements have to be noted. A preliminary indoor-Rn survey was performed at about 200 sites. The highest values were found in the highest pCO<sub>2</sub> and high <sup>222</sup>Rn values in groundwater. This indicates convection and enhanced permeability in certain sectors of the main aquifer, i.e., along the bordering faults and inside the gas-trap of the Ciampino Horst., where ``continuous gas-phase micro-macro seepage mechanism' is invoked to explain the high peri-volcanic gases flux.  相似文献   

Alpine Evidence for Atmospheric Circulation Patterns in Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum     

Duri Florineth  Christian Schlüchter 《Quaternary Research》2000,54(3):295

The configuration of Alpine accumulation areas during the last glacial maximum (LGM) has been reconstructed using glacial–geological mapping. The results indicate that the LGM ice surface consisted of at least three major ice domes, all located south of the principal weather divide of the Alps. This implies that the buildup of the main Alpine ice cover during oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 2 was related to precipitation by dominant southerly atmospheric circulation, in contrast to today's prevalent westerly airflow. Such a reorganization of the atmospheric circulation is consistent with a southward displacement of the Oceanic Polar Front in the North Atlantic and of the associated storm track to the south of the Alps. These results, combined with additional paleoclimate records from western and southern Europe, allow an interpretation of the asynchronous evolution of the different European ice caps during the last glaciation. δ¹⁸O stages (OIS) 4 and 3 were characterized by location of the Polar Front north of 46°N (Gulf of Biscay). This affected prevailing westerly circulation and, thus, ice buildup in western Scandinavia, the Pyrénées, Vosges, and northern Alps. At the LGM, however, the Polar Front lay at 44°N, causing dominating southerly circulation and reduced precipitation in central and northern Europe.  相似文献   

中亚独联体五国铀成矿的大地构造背景   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

姚振凯  刘翔 《大地构造与成矿学》2000,24(1):1-8

中亚独联体五国 :哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、吉尔吉斯坦、土库曼斯坦和塔吉克斯坦的中亚大陆地壳构造单元 ,其中分布着大批砂岩型铀矿床和碱交代岩型、含铀煤岩型、含鱼残骸泥岩型和碳酸盐岩型铀矿床 ,计百余个。这些矿床的铀储量约占全球总工业铀储量的30 %。文中划分出8个铀矿域 ,编制了各铀矿域的成矿大地构造剖面 ,并进行了对比研究 ;对上述五种主要铀矿床类型的成矿学特征作了概述 ;归纳出四种铀成矿大地构造模式 ,指出除地台型模式外 ,其余的地槽 +地洼型、地台 +地洼型、地洼型等三种模式均与地洼阶段的构造—岩浆活化作用密切相关 ,甚至是形成工业铀矿床最至关重要的背景因素。文中最后还对中亚型和华夏型地洼铀成矿学的异同特点 ,作了对比分析。  相似文献   

Glacier development and topographic context     

J. I. Lpez‐Moreno  D. Nogus‐Bravo  J. Chueca‐Cía  A. Julin‐Andrs 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(12):1585-1594

This paper analyses the topographic context of the remaining glaciated areas in the Maladeta Massif (Central Spanish Pyrenees). These ice‐covered surfaces have been incorporated into a geographic information system (GIS) in an attempt at correlating the presence of ice with a range of topographic variables obtained from a digital elevation model. The use of generalized additive models and binary regression tree models enabled us (i) to quantify the spatial variability in the distribution of glaciers attributable to characteristics of the local terrain, (ii) to investigate the interaction between the variables that account for the ice cover distribution and (iii) to map the probability of glacier development. Our results show that although the development of glaciers depends on regional climate conditions, the topographic context is of paramount importance in determining the location, extent, shape and recent evolution of each glacial body. Thus, the joint effect of altitude, exposure to incoming solar radiation, slope and mean curvature is able to explain more than 70 per cent of the observed variance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

中东亚干旱半干旱区C₃植物δ¹³ C值的分布 及其对气候的响应^*          下载免费PDF全文

王丽霞  李心清  郭兰兰 《第四纪研究》2006,26(6):955-961

植物化石和土壤中的有机质碳同位素指标常用来反映古气候的变化,然而碳同位素这个指标在特定地区反映气候的定量关系缺乏检验。研究剖面选择自中国的秦岭(34°14'24″N,106°55'30″E)到蒙古人民共和国北部,接近贝加尔湖地区(51°35'08″N, 100°45'49″E)的研究剖面线,选择了3种C₃植物(Artemisia scoparia, Ajania achilleides 和 Artemisia frigida),在剖面线上沿南北方向上每隔4'到5'采取一个样点,共选取161个C₃植物茎叶样品进行了δ¹³ C值测定。同时收集了剖面线附近气象站的降水、气温等资料,用插值方法得到每个采样点的气温、降水数据。分析表明:C₃植物的δ¹³ C值分布范围为-30 ‰ ~-22 ‰ ,其平均值为-26.81 ‰ ,该平均值较全球C₃植物δ¹³ C平均值偏正。通过对比C₃植物δ¹³ C与年均温、年均降水量、生长季节的干燥度等随纬度的变化规律,发现C₃植物δ¹³ C、年均降水量、生长季节的干燥度有非常一致的变化趋势,而C₃植物δ¹³ C和年均温不具有一致性。通过一元回归分析也同样发现C₃植物δ¹³ C与年均降水量呈线性负相关关系(y=-0.0077x-24.838,n=161,R²=0.4418,p=0.01),与生长季节的干燥度呈线性正相关关系(y=0.7328x-28.806,n=161,R²=0.3685,p=0.01),而与年均温度没有明显的相关关系(y=-0.0461x-26.756,n=161,R²=0.0232,p=0.01)。在本研究区C₃植物δ¹³ C对年均降水量和生长季节的干燥度响应十分显著,而对温度的响应不明显。研究区具有明显的降水和温度的梯度分布特征,是验证植物碳同位素与气候关系的理想场所,而土壤中的有机质碳同位素与其地面上的植物碳同位素息息相关。研究也说明,在本研究区或其他气候植物组合相似的地区可以利用古土壤中的有机质碳同位素来定量或半定量地反映古气候的变化。  相似文献   

中国与蒙古之地质   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

李怀坤  陆松年  相振群  周红英  郭虎  宋彪  郑健康  顾瑛 《地学前缘》2006,13(6):0-0

东昆仑中部缝合带清水泉一带发育石榴斜长紫苏麻粒岩、紫苏辉石黑云母石榴子石麻粒岩、石榴二辉斜长麻粒岩和石榴单斜辉石麻粒岩,它们与混合岩化黑云母石榴子石变粒岩、黑云母辉石变粒岩、石墨大理岩、含透辉石透闪石大理岩、透辉石大理岩、黑云斜长角闪岩和片麻岩等高级变质岩系以及纯橄岩、辉橄岩、橄长岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩和玄武岩等共同构成蛇绿混杂岩。麻粒岩相变质作用的温压条件为T=760~880℃,p=830~1200MPa,为高温中高压麻粒岩相变质作用,估算其形成深度为40~45km。麻粒岩相变质作用的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为(507·7±8·3)Ma。清水泉地区蛇绿岩形成于~520Ma,到~508Ma时俯冲至地下40~45km深处而发生中高压麻粒岩相变质作用,然后发生构造折返而剥露至地表。证实了清水泉高级变质岩和基性—超基性岩片是形成于早—中寒武世的蛇绿混杂岩,标志一个古生代早期的非常重要的板块汇聚边界,这对于进一步研究东昆仑造山带构造演化、乃至中国西部大地构造格局具有非常重要的意义。  相似文献   

新疆晚古生代大陆边缘成矿系统与成矿区带初步探讨   总被引：15，自引：4，他引：15  

张连昌 夏斌牛贺才  李文铅方维萱  唐红峰万博 《岩石学报》2006,22(5):1387-1398

新疆地处中亚成矿域的中段，古生代大陆边缘增生明显、构造和岩浆活动强烈、矿产资源丰富。古生代大陆边缘成矿作用主要集中在两个时期，即以阿尔泰南缘为主的早中泥盆世和以天山为主的早石炭世。本文在综合研究及与境外对比的基础上，按照北疆地区晚古生代大陆边缘的构造动力学和成矿特征，将研究区大陆边缘成矿系统划分为：活动大陆边缘海相火山岩-盆地流体成矿系统，活动大陆边缘火山岛弧-岩浆活动成矿系统和被动大陆边缘沉积盆地-热水活动成矿系统三类。同时对形成于大陆边缘的成矿区带进行划分，主要包括：阿勒泰南缘晚古生代活动大陆边缘块状硫化物成矿带；阿尔泰南缘-东准噶尔活动大陆边缘卡拉先格尔岛弧斑岩铜金成矿带；东天山晚古生代活动大陆边缘铜钼锌成矿区带；西准噶尔洋内弧斑岩-浅成低温热液铜金成矿区带；西天山（伊犁地块）活动大陆边缘金铜成矿区带；塔里木板块被动大陆边缘沉积型铅锌成矿带。本文认为大陆增生与成矿作用的关系是矿床学和成矿系统研究的重要内容，成矿区带是成矿系统发生成矿作用的响应，而成矿系统是成矿区带形成的本质。  相似文献   

长庆中部气田奥陶纪马家沟组储层成岩模式与孔隙系统   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

吴亚生何顺利  卢涛达世攀  李跃刚戴永定 《岩石学报》2006,22(8):2171-2181

长庆中部气田奥陶纪马家沟组马五～马五储层的主要成岩作用包括:(Ⅰ)准同生白云石化作用;(Ⅱ)白云石对小球状硬石膏结核(简称"膏球")和板状硬石膏晶体的交代;(Ⅲ)石膏的溶解;(Ⅳ)自生石英、自生粘土矿物在白云石晶间生长;(Ⅴ)早期方解石的充填作用;(Ⅵ)晚期方解石的充填作用;(Ⅶ)钾石盐的充填作用;(Ⅷ)去白云石化作用。其中造成孔隙的是(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、(Ⅲ),破坏孔隙的主要是(Ⅴ)、(Ⅵ)、(Ⅶ)、(Ⅷ)。最重要的成岩作用是(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、(Ⅲ)。主要的成岩模式有:云化-溶蚀型、云化-溶蚀-充填型、云化-溶解型、云化-交代-溶解型、云化-交代-溶解-早充填型、云化-交代-溶解-早充填-晚充填型、云化-交代-溶解-早充填-晚充填-钾石盐充填型。其中云化-溶解型、云化-交代-溶解型以及云化-溶蚀型是形成孔隙的主要成岩方式。主要的孔隙系统类型有5种:密球型、"球 胀裂缝型"、"球 晶间溶孔型"、晶模孔型、晶间溶孔型。其中,密球型、"球 胀裂缝型"、"球 晶间溶孔型"是最主要的孔隙系统类型。长庆中部气田马五段储层的发育首先受沉积微相控制,即膏球的发育;在此基础上还受成岩方式控制。膏球发育于马五、马五、马五、马五,尤其是马五。白云石对硬石膏球的交代作用和石膏的溶解作用广泛发育于马五、马五、马五、马五、马五、马五、马五、马五地层中。早期方解石、晚期方解石和钾石盐的充填作用主要发育在马五、马五、马五和马五地层中,而在马五、马五地层中不发育。膏球在马五、马五、马五不发育。所以,马五、马五、马五是最好的储集层段马五、马五是其次的储集层段。马五、马五、马五是最差的储集层段。  相似文献   

青藏高原羌塘中部榴辉岩Ar-Ar定年   总被引：25，自引：4，他引：25  

李才翟庆国  陈文于介江  黄小鹏张彦 《岩石学报》2006,22(12):2843-2849

羌塘榴辉岩产于红脊山-双湖高压变质带中段的片石山地区,是目前青藏高原内部唯一的榴辉岩产地。榴辉岩多硅白云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年龄 t_p=219.3±1.5Ma;榴辉岩围岩的多硅白云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar 年龄 t_p=217.2±1.8Ma,定年结果表明,榴辉岩与围岩经历了相同的高压变质作用,与红脊山-双湖地区蓝闪片岩的高压变质时间是一致的。根据已有高压变质年代学资料,从羌塘的红脊山到双湖、那曲地区的巴青以北、昌都的酉西,直到滇西地区,断续分布长达2000余公里的高压变质带为同一期构造事件的产物,是龙木错-双湖板块缝合带向南延伸到滇西的重要依据。榴辉岩的定年数据进一步揭示,冈瓦纳板块与欧亚(扬子)板块的主体碰撞时间在220Ma 左右,同时也是古特提斯洋消亡的时间记录。  相似文献