Reconstruction of a complex late Quaternary glacial landscape in the Cordillera de Cochabamba (Bolivia) based on a morphostratigraphic and multiple dating approach     

Jan-Hendrik May  Jana Zech  Frank Preusser  Jaime Argollo  Heinz Veit 《Quaternary Research》2011,76(1):106-118

Although glacial landscapes have previously been used for the reconstruction of late Quaternary glaciations in the Central Andes, only few data exist for the Eastern Cordillera in Bolivia. Here, we present results from detailed morphostratigraphic mapping and new data of surface exposure dating (SED), optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), and radiocarbon dating (¹⁴C) from the Huara Loma Valley, Cordillera de Cochabamba (Bolivia). Discrepancies between individual dating methods could be addressed within the context of a solid geomorphic framework. We identified two major glaciations. The older is not well constrained by the available data, whereas the younger glaciation is subdivided into at least four major glacial stages. Regarding the latter, a first advance dated to ~ 29-25 ka occurred roughly contemporaneous with the onset of the global last glacial maximum (LGM) and was followed by a less extensive (re-)advance around 20-18 ka. The local last glacial maximum (LLGM) in the Huara Loma Valley took place during the humid lateglacial ~ 17-16 ka, followed by several smaller readvances until ~ 10-11 ka, and complete deglaciation at the end of the Early Holocene.  相似文献   

Dust variation recorded by lacustrine sediments from arid Central Asia since ~ 15 cal ka BP and its implication for atmospheric circulation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cheng-Bang An  Jiaju Zhao  Shichen Tao  Yanbin Lv  Weimiao Dong  Hu Li  Ming Jin  Zongli Wang 《Quaternary Research》2011,75(3):566-573

A long dust history established using geological archives from dust provenance areas is necessary to understand the role of atmospheric dust in the global climate system better. Core sediments from a closed-basin groundwater-recharged lake in arid Central Asia were investigated using a multi-proxy approach (e.g. ¹⁴C AMS dating, pollen, and grain size) to trace the dust history since ~ 15 cal ka BP. Pollen analysis showed that before 7.9 cal ka BP, the vegetation was of desert type. After 7.9 cal ka BP, vegetation density increased, probably due to slightly increased moisture. The Chenopodiaceae-dominated desert expanded rapidly at 4.2–3.8 cal ka BP. Grain-size analysis was conducted for samples of lake deposits, modern aeolian dust, and dust trapped in snow, and the data showed that there was strong aeolian dust deposition at 11.8–11.1, 10.6–8, 6.1–4.9, and after 3.3 cal ka BP. This timing corresponds well with periods of increased terrestrial dust fluxes recorded by Greenland ice cores. Our study may document changes in the location and intensity of the Siberia High. These changes may play a more important role in the history of dust emission in arid Central Asia than previously thought.  相似文献   

东川、滇中地区中元古代地层格架   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

尹福光  孙志明  白建科 《地层学杂志》2011,(1):49-54

东川、滇中地区是上扬子陆块出露元古代地层最广泛的地区,但露头又断续分布在不同的地点.由于缺乏古生物及年龄资料,在不同地区多以岩性进行地层划分与对比,而出现了"正层"与"倒层"观点之分歧.通过对东川及滇中地区地层中所夹的火山岩年龄测试及重要界面的观察与研究,发现东川地区黑山组凝灰岩中锆石U-PbSHRIMP年龄为1503...  相似文献   

内蒙古兴和县曹四夭特大型钼矿床辉钼矿铼 锇同位素年龄及…     

聂凤军  李香资  李超  赵宇安  刘翼飞 《地质论评》2013,59(1):175-181

内蒙古兴和县曹四夭矿床是迄今为止在我国北方找到的最大规模钼矿床,钼的资源量超过200万吨.考虑到大规模地质勘查工作仍在进行中,金属资源量和储量仍有较大提升空间.为了进一步查明曹四夭矿床的形成时间,对主要钼矿体4件辉钼矿样品进行了Re-Os同位素分析,所获同位素年龄值分别为131.9±2.3Ma、131.2±2.3Ma、129.7±2.0Ma和128.6±2.4Ma,平均值为130.4±2.4Ma,与花岗斑岩体锆石U-Pb年龄(134 ～ 131Ma)相近.根据岩(矿)体同位素年龄数据,并且结合辉钼矿呈浸染状和团块状分布于花岗斑岩株中,并且与部分硫化物呈共生结构关系的地质事实,可以推测曹四夭矿区含矿花岗斑岩株及有关钼矿床的形成时间均为早白垩世,属燕山期构造-岩浆活动的产物.曹四天钼矿床形成时代的厘定对于提高该矿床的理论研究水平和指导隐伏金属矿床的找矿勘查工作均具有重要意义.  相似文献   

新疆北天山奎屯河蛇绿岩斜长花岗岩锆石SIMS U-Pb年龄及其构造意义     

李超  肖文交  韩春明  周可法  张志欣 《地质科学》2013,48(3):815-826

作为中亚造山带南部的最终缝合界线,天山-索伦缝合带记录了古亚洲洋晚期的扩张消减历史。本文对新疆北天山混杂带中奎屯河蛇绿岩的斜长花岗岩进行了SIMS锆石年代学研究及地球化学研究。斜长花岗岩富Na₂O,贫K₂O(<1%)和Al₂O₃(<15%),微量元素含量整体低于标准N-MORB,稀土配分曲线平坦,无明显Eu异常,是典型的洋中脊斜长花岗岩,其结晶年龄代表准噶尔洋盆扩张时代。24组离子探针测年数据显示,斜长花岗岩加权平均年龄为343.1±2.7 Ma。结合区域地质研究,本文认为在晚古生代石炭纪,伴随着哈萨克斯坦山弯构造的逐渐形成,准噶尔洋盆持续扩张并向外俯冲于周缘地体之下,形成了东、西准噶尔洋内弧,以及天山和阿尔泰安第斯型陆缘弧。  相似文献   

Uvá complex,the oldest orthogneisses of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic terrane of central Brazil     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2013

The Archean-Paleoproterozoic terrane of central Brazil is an exotic and allochthonous part of the Tocantins Province, a large Brasiliano/Pan-African orogen of the South American Platform formed during the Brasiliano orogeny. The terrane amalgamated to the province during the late stages of the orogeny as a crustal segment consisting of six Archean orthogneiss complexes and five low-grade metamorphic, in part Paleoproterozoic (Rhyacian) greenstone belts. The Uvá complex is the southernmost orthogneiss association of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic terrane of central Brazil. New U–Pb LA-ICP-MS data from zircon crystals show that the complex formed at least during two magmatic stages. The older consists of polydeformed tonalite and granodiorite batholitic and diorite stock protoliths with igneous age of 3040 Ma to 2930 Ma. The youngest comprises tonalite, monzogranite and granodiorite tabular bodies formed between 2876 and 2846 Ma. As compared to the orthogneisses of the northern portion of the terrane, both the oldest and youngest granitogenesis stages of the Uvá complex are, in average, about 150 Ma older. This suggests that the northern and southern orthogneisses formed during different times as independent crustal segments, but when and why they amalgamated is still under investigation.  相似文献   

大兴安岭中段突泉盆地玛尼吐组火山岩地球化学特征与~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar测年   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李永飞  郜晓勇  孙守亮 《地质与资源》2013,22(6):444-451

大兴安岭中段突泉盆地玛尼吐组火山岩主要为一套中酸性岩石,化学成分显示其主要为粗面安山岩、粗面英安岩、英安岩与流纹岩.岩石激光全熔40Ar/39Ar测年结果显示玛尼吐组火山岩为138.0±3.0 Ma,形成于早白垩世早期.火山岩为高钾钙碱性系列岩石.岩石从中性→中酸性→酸性岩,稀土元素总含量分别平均为117×10-6、136×10-6、131×10-6;(La/Yb)N平均为6.38、7.62、6.27,轻重稀土分馏明显;δEu分别平均为0.88、0.85、0.40,具有负Eu异常.各类岩石富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、U、K和LREE,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti;微量元素标准化配分图与地壳配分曲线接近一致,为一套壳源岩浆系列火山岩.结合大兴安岭地区玛尼吐组火山岩资料,该组火山岩的年代学、地球化学特征、岩浆成因及构造背景在不同区段具有差异性,而突泉盆地玛尼吐组火山岩可能是蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合碰撞阶段加厚的造山带下地壳部分熔融的产物.  相似文献   

Explaining the ‘hungry farmer paradox’: Smallholders and fair trade cooperatives navigate seasonality and change in Nicaragua's corn and coffee markets     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

Latin American smallholder coffee farmers linked with fair trade and organic markets are frequently cited as models for sustainable food systems. Yet many experience seasonal hunger, which is a very common, but understudied, form of food insecurity. Northern Nicaragua's highlands include well-organized cooperatives, high rural poverty rates, and rain dependent farms, offering a compelling study area to understand what factors are associated with seasonal hunger. This participatory mixed methods study combines data from observations, interviews and focus groups with results from a survey of 244 cooperative members. It finds that seasonal hunger is influenced by multiple factors, including: (1) annual cycles of precipitation and rising maize prices during the lean months; (2) inter annual droughts and periodic storms; and (3) the long-term inability of coffee harvests and prices to provide sufficient income. Sampled households experienced an average of about 3 months of seasonal hunger in 2009. A series of five least squares regression models find the expected significant impacts of corn harvest quantity, farm area, improved grain storage, and household incomes, all inversely correlated with lean months. Unanticipated results include the finding that households with more fruit trees reported fewer lean months, while the predominant environmentally friendly farming practices had no discernable impacts. The presence of hunger among producers challenges sustainable coffee marketing claims. We describe one example of a partnership-based response that integrates agroecological farm management with the use of fair trade cooperative institutions to re-localize the corn distribution system. Increased investments and integrated strategies will be needed to reduce threats to food security, livelihoods, and biodiversity associated with the rapid spread of coffee leaf rust and falling commodity prices.  相似文献   

中亚五国矿业权管理与投资环境   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋国明 《国土资源情报》2014,(2):2-8

中亚五国矿产资源丰富,与中国有较强的互补性。近年来双方在矿产资源方面的合作不断扩大,该地区已经成为中国矿山企业"走出去"的重要选择地之一。本文就中亚五国矿业管理与投资环境进行概要的介绍和分析,为我国企业投资中亚矿业提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

Vegetation monitoring for Guatemala: a comparison between simulated VIIRS and MODIS satellite data     

Vijendra K. Boken  Gregory L. Easson  James Rowland 《国际地球制图》2013,28(8):617-627

The advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data are being widely used for vegetation monitoring across the globe. However, sensors will discontinue collecting these data in the near future. National Aeronautics and Space Administration is planning to launch a new sensor, visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS), to continue to provide satellite data for vegetation monitoring. This article presents a case study of Guatemala and compares the simulated VIIRS-Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with MODIS-NDVI for four different dates each in 2003 and 2005. The dissimilarity between VIIRS-NDVI and MODIS-NDVI was examined on the basis of the percent difference, the two-tailed student's t-test, and the coefficient of determination, R ². The per cent difference was found to be within 3%, the p-value ranged between 0.52 and 0.99, and R ² exceeded 0.88 for all major types of vegetation (basic grains, rubber, sugarcane, coffee and forests) found in Guatemala. It was therefore concluded that VIIRS will be almost equally capable of vegetation monitoring as MODIS.  相似文献