安徽省祁东煤矿底砾含水层突水灾害成因与治理技术   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

孔一繁  汪永茂 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2003,14(4):67-70

文章介绍了皖北煤电集团公司祁东煤矿3222工作面特大突水灾害过程，并根据“四含”水文长观孔水位，突水后水温变化特点、水质化验资料及防水煤岩柱构成，分析出水水源为：第四系“四含”水；导水通道可能为：①采动裂隙沟通风化网络裂隙；②工作面中部存在垂向导水裂缝带，使“四含”水下泻所致。通过对突水性质和水情发展趋势的分析研究，决定采用强制排水、建防水闸墙、水泥浆封盖“四含”和基岩风化带堵出水水源；粘土浆充填固结采空冒裂带的治理方案。实施后，堵水率达100％，仅用102d就恢复了矿井生产，安全撤出了综采支架，取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。  相似文献   

井下钻孔注浆治理奥灰水技术   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

张兆强  孔祥逊 《中国煤田地质》2003,15(2):41-43

肥城矿区水文地质条件极其复杂,奥灰水水位高,水量大,严重制约着煤矿开采的正常进行。通过肥城矿区井下施工奥灰孔进行奥灰水治理的经验及技术,认为井下施工奥灰孔,建立井下水文观测网以及对奥灰表层进行注浆改造,是行之有效的防治奥灰水的途径。  相似文献   

阜新盆地东梁区地热资源赋存条件分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张俊宝 《中国煤田地质》2003,15(6):37-39

根据东梁区DR-1与DR-2地热井及以往地质资料,对控制本区地热资源的赋存条件(热储层、控热构造及盖层)作了研究后认为,该区的地热资源主要受控于热储构造、热储层裂隙的发育程度和盖层条件,而热储层裂隙的发育程度及与含水层的水力联系,又决定了本区地下热水的开发潜能。  相似文献   

The stratigraphy of the Chalk Group of the Berkshire Downs     

M.A. Woods  D.T. Aldiss 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2004,115(3):249-265

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Hydrogeochemical and isotopic evolution of water in the Complexe Terminal aquifer in the Algerian Sahara     

A. Guendouz  A. S. Moulla  W. M. Edmunds  K. Zouari  P. Shand  A. Mamou 《Hydrogeology Journal》2003,11(4):483-495

The hydrogeochemical and isotopic evolution of groundwaters in the Mio–Pliocene sands of the Complexe Terminal (CT) aquifer in central Algeria are described. The CT aquifer is located in the large sedimentary basin of the Great Oriental Erg. Down-gradient groundwater evolution is considered along the main representative aquifer cross section (south–north), from the southern recharge area (Tinrhert Plateau and Great Oriental Erg) over about 700 km. Groundwater mineralisation increases along the flow line, from 1.5 to 8 g l^?1, primarily as a result of dissolution of evaporite minerals, as shown by Br/Cl and strontium isotope ratios. Trends in both major and trace elements demonstrate a progressive evolution along the flow path. Redox reactions are important and the persistence of oxidising conditions favours the increase in some trace elements (e.g. Cr) and also NO₃ ^?, which reaches concentrations of 16.8 mg l^?1 NO₃-N. The range in ¹⁴C, 0–8.4 pmc in the deeper groundwaters, corresponds with late Pleistocene recharge, although there then follows a hiatus in the data with no results in the range 10–20 pmc, interpreted as a gap in recharge coincident with hyper-arid but cool conditions across the Sahara; groundwater in the range 24.7–38.9 pmc signifies a distinct period of Holocene recharge. All δ¹⁸O compositions are enriched relative to deuterium and are considered to be derived by evaporative enrichment from a parent rainfall around ?11‰ δ¹⁸O, signifying cooler conditions in the late Pleistocene and possibly heavy monsoon rains during the Holocene.  相似文献   

A Simple Approach to Account for Radial Flow and Boundary Conditions When Kriging Hydraulic Head Fields for Confined Aquifers   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Y. Brochu  D. Marcotte 《Mathematical Geology》2003,35(2):111-139

The estimation and mapping of realistic hydraulic head fields, hence of flow paths, is a major goal of many hydrogeological studies. The most widely used method to obtain reliable head fields is the inverse approach. This approach relies on the numerical approximation of the flow equation and requires specifying boundary conditions and the transmissivity of each grid element. Boundary conditions are often unknown or poorly known, yet they impose a strong signature on the head fields obtained by inverse analysis. A simpler alternative to the inverse approach is the direct kriging of the head field using the measurements obtained at observation wells. The kriging must be modified to incorporate the available information. Use of the dual kriging formalism enables simultaneously estimating the head field, the aquifer mean transmissivity, and the regional hydraulic gradient from head data in steady or transient state conditions. In transient state conditions, an estimate of the storage coefficient can be obtained. We test the approach on simple analytical cases, on synthetic cases with solutions obtained numerically using a finite element flow simulator, and on a real aquifer. For homogeneous aquifers, infinite or bounded, the kriging estimate retrieves the exact solution of the head field, the exact hydrogeological parameters and the flow net. With heterogeneous aquifers, kriging accurately estimates the head field with prediction errors of the same magnitude as typical head measurement errors. The transmissivities are also accurately estimated by kriging. Moreover, if inversion is required, the kriged head along boundaries can be used as realistic boundary conditions for flow simulation.  相似文献   

人工微生物脱氮过程中含水层堵塞问题的实验研究     

姜桂华  廖资生  徐凌云  孙涛 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1998,(2)

微生物的生命活动往往会引起含水层堵塞,这一问题直接影响着人工微生物脱氮技术的推广和应用,为了寻求妥善的解决办法,笔者进行了大量的实验研究工作。本文就微生物堵塞问题的研究现状,堵塞机理以及含水层渗透系数随时间变化规律等予以阐述,以对今后的大面积推广提供一些参考。  相似文献   

Estimation of the water balance of alluvial aquifers in region of high isotopic contrast: an example from southeastern France     

Y. Guglielmi  J. Mudry  B. Blavoux 《Journal of Hydrology》1998,210(1-4):106-115

The much contrasted orographic and climatic characters of southeastern France serve to establish a hydrological balance of the porous aquifers in the region. Comparing a regional average gradient of ¹⁸O content versus elevation, which was calculated on low-water period karst waters content, with a −10.5‰ average δ of Alpine rivers, an estimate of the percentages brought to these aquifers is proposed under the form of an abacus. It appears that the main groundwaters of the Var, the Durance and the Rhône are fed by an average of 20–30% of Provençal underground contribution, and 70–80% shallow contribution from the Alpine rivers. These figures reveal that local supplies range between 25 and 10% of the average yearly discharge flowing in the porous and shallow aquifers.  相似文献   

Endangering of the Upper Jurassic karst-fissured aquifer in the Krakow Upland (southern Poland)     

Jacek Rózkowski 《Environmental Geology》1998,33(4):274-278

 A karst-fissured aquifer in the Upper Jurassic carbonate rocks of the Krakow Upland shows a very high yield (safe yield 117 000 m³/day) and belongs to the major groundwater basins (MGBs) of Poland. The uncovered character of the aquifer and its hydraulic structure favor the intensive infiltration and migration of anthropogenic pollutants from the surface. This pollution is caused by agriculture and industry in the proximity of Krakow and the Upper Silesian agglomeration. Progressive degradation of groundwater quality on a regional scale results. Evaluation of the endangering of the aquifer studied is based on the analysis of the time interval of vertical water percolation from the surface, the time interval of groundwater horizontal flow through the aquifer and the duration of water residence in the aquifer derived from tritium data. Quaternary and Cretaceous overburden occur in the Krakow Upland in addition to numerous outcrops of limestones. The time interval of vertical water percolation in highly permeable limestones does not exceed 3 years and in the areas covered by overburden it is from several to 50 years. The mean effective time interval of horizontal groundwater flow through the Upper Jurassic rocks along the flow paths ranges from several months in the areas of direct drainage to over 15 years in the elevated areas of local groundwater divides. The age of water in the rock matrix was determined using tritium data interpreted according to an exponential model and it ranges from 70 years to over 130 years. In karst-fissured systems with a high retardation index (R_p=21) the effective time of water circulation in local drainage basins does not exceed 7 years. The Krakow-Wieluń Upland is the most extensive and uniform karst region in Poland. It is a belt of Upper Jurassic limestone extending from Krakcow in the southeast to Wieluń in the northwest on the northeast slope of the Silesian Upland. Residual hills of Paleogene age separated by infilled karst depressions are the most characteristic features of the Krakow-Wieluń Upland. More than 800 small caves are known in this area, but only two of them reach 1 km of aggregate passage length (Gazek and others 1992). Received: 4 December 1996 · Accepted: 29 April 1997  相似文献   

Groundwater pollution due to sugar-mill effluent, at Sonai, Maharashtra, India   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

N. J. Pawar  G. M. Pondhe  S. F. Patil 《Environmental Geology》1998,34(2-3):151-158

 Analyses of 126 samples collected from 18 dug wells in the shallow basaltic aquifer over a period of 7 months have revealed spatial as well as temporal changes in the chemical properties of groundwater. While the temporal changes have been attributed to dilution and concentration phenomena governed by climatic factors, the spatial variations in the geochemical characteristics of groundwater appeared to be related to pollution due to effluents from the Mula Sugar Factory. The cause of groundwater pollution is the effluent carried by a stream flowing through the area. Fluctuations in the groundwater table, influent water quality character of the stream, less capacity to accommodate large volume of effluent and occurrence of zero base flow (under natural conditions) in the stream are the factors favoring infiltration of constituents of waste water into the underlying weathered basaltic aquifer. Pollutants have entered into the shallow aquifer by downward percolation through the zone of aeration to form a recharge mound at the water table and, further, lateral movement below the water table. The plume of polluted groundwater has a lateral extent of a few meters in the upstream area and more than 400 m on either side of the stream in the downstream part. The zone of polluted groundwater has an areal extent of more than 3.5 km². Groundwater is the only source available for drinking and agricultural purposes. It is recommended that the base of the lagoons and the stream used for release of plant effluent should be waterproofed for the protection of groundwater in the Sonai area. Received: 30 April 1997 · Accepted: 23 September 1997  相似文献