Fundamental aspects of prolonged electrokinetic flows in kaolinites     

《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(1):13-25

Electrokinetic flows include the migration of fluid, chemicals, fine particles, bacteria, and electrons through a soil–fluid–chemical system driven by an externally applied direct-current (d.c.) electric field. The promising potential of electrokinetic remediation of contaminated fine-grained soils has stimulated recent interest in the study of electrokinetic flow processes, in particular the impact of a prolonged application of a d.c. electric field on fine-grained soils. The results of a bench-scale laboratory experimental investigation on some of the fundamental aspects of prolonged electrokinetic flows in kaolinites, including gas generation rates at power electrodes, electrochemical behaviour of the soil–fluid–chemical system, time variation of electric current intensity flowing through the soil, pH gradient development in the soil, effects of reservoir chemistry on electro-osmotic fluid volume flow rate and flow direction through the soil, time variation of electro-osmotic volume flow rate, and energy requirements per unit volume of fluid transported, are presented in this paper. Effects of soil type and pore fluid chemistry on these aspects were also studied.  相似文献   

The tethyan oceanic gates : A tectonic approach to major sedimentary changes within Tethys     

Luc-Emmanuel Ricou 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(4-5):225-232

Abstract

— Accepting that the opening or closure of seaways has consequences on the oceanic circulation which in turn influences sedimentation, major changes in Tethyan geometry are checked against major changes in sedimentation. Time relationships can be demonstrated between the two group of phenomena and causal links are discussed. As the causes for major sedimentary changes are numerous and their respective roles controversial, it is speculated if the observed change in geometry could have had a positive effect on the associated change in sediments.

Ever since the birth of the Mesozoic Tethys which formed from the break-up of Pangea till its death through multiple collisions, this ocean played a major role in the world ocean circulation, being the sub-equatorial seaway which permitted a circumterrestrial circulation at low latitudes. Five successive steps, separated by four major changes, are recognized : i) during the Trias and the Jurassic, the young Tethys was a triangular cul-de-sac expanding westward through distensive tectonics and subsidence, and influenced along its southern margin by a westward current and associated upwelling; radiolarites take a growing part in its sedimentation; ii) during the Tithonian, radiolarites were abruptly replaced by pelagic limestones (Majolica) in many places and the corresponding CCD drop is tentatively correlated with the full opening of the Tethyan seaway which reached the Pacific Ocean through the Caribbean and with the corresponding reorganization of currents; iii) during the Early Cretaceous, Apulia began its collision with the precursor elements of the European margin, thus hindering deep water exchange; this pre collision favoured the mid Cretaceous anoxia with affected sedimentation in numerous basins; iv) during the Late Cretaceous, repeated distension and subsidence (since the Aptian) between Apulia and Africa gave a growing importance to the south Apulian seaway; this new opportunity of water exchange favoured the end of anoxia and the deposition of new pelagic limestones (scaglia); as a matter of fact, the location of the Late Cretaceous to Early Eocene phosphorites testify to a well-established westward current along this south-Apulian seaway; v) the late Eocene to Oligocene general collision was responsable for the death of this current and the corresponding breakdown of the Tethyan seaway into independent groups of basins.  相似文献   

陕北地区奥陶纪马家沟组五段沉积时期岩相古地理演化^*     

曹红霞  李文厚  吴海燕  王振国  武渝  任星民 《古地理学报》2021,23(4):723-734

陕北地区马家沟组五段沉积时期(简称马五期)沉积的碳酸盐岩地层是重要的天然气储集层。为明确各沉积期岩相古地理演化特征,在对周缘野外地质剖面考察、研究区内98口井的岩心观察、测井曲线形态分析的基础上,对陕北地区马家沟组马五₁₀—马五₁各亚段的岩相古地理演化特征进行了恢复。结果表明,马五₁₀—马五₁各亚段以海相碳酸盐岩台地沉积为主,包括局限台地、开阔台地和蒸发台地3种亚相,并进一步细分为: 云坪、膏云坪、含膏云坪、泥云坪、灰云坪、灰坪、颗粒滩、云灰坪、泥灰坪、膏盐湖等10种沉积微相;从马五₁₀到马五₁岩相古地理单元整体表现为自东向西的环带状分布特征,环带中心主要位于延长、延川和清涧一带,值得注意的是,马五₂沉积时期由于受南部较强构造抬升作用影响,古地理单元环带中心呈现出向西北挪移的特征,环带中心位于靖边、子长一带;马家沟组各沉积时期的旋回性环带沉积为储集层叠合发育奠定了物质基础,云坪、膏云坪、含膏云坪、颗粒滩微相易于形成有利储集空间,纵向上的马五₁₊₂、马五₄、马五₅、马五₇、马五₉亚段为该类相带较发育的层位,是区域勘探开发的重点领域。  相似文献   

鄂西—渝东地区飞三段天然气成因与成藏阶段     

舒志国 《现代地质》2013,(1):165-171

飞三段是鄂西—渝东地区海相碳酸盐岩层系的主力产气层,系统研究飞三段的天然气成藏阶段与主控因素,对该区飞三段的天然气勘探具有指导意义。利用天然气组分和稳定碳同位素资料、烃源岩的干酪根碳同位素资料以及流体包裹体均一温度资料,在阐明油气的成因与来源、烃源岩的生烃史和油气充注史的基础上,结合构造演化史和圈闭演化史,划分了天然气的成藏阶段,并总结了天然气成藏的主控因素。结果认为:飞三段天然气主要为二叠系烃源岩生成的原油的二次裂解气;天然气的成藏经历了古岩性油藏的聚集(190～160 Ma)、古油藏裂解与古岩性气藏形成(160～140 Ma)、天然气调整再聚集形成今构造—岩性复合气藏(140 Ma—现今)3个阶段;沉积期暴露浅滩相储层的规模决定了古油藏的规模,晚期天然气的调整再聚集过程中的保存条件决定了天然气的最终聚集。  相似文献   

3-D inversion of borehole-to-surface electrical data using a back-propagation neural network   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Trong Long Ho   《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2009,68(4):489-499

The “fluid-flow tomography”, an advanced technique for geoelectrical survey based on the conventional mise-à-la-masse measurement, has been developed by Exploration Geophysics Laboratory at the Kyushu University. This technique is proposed to monitor fluid-flow behavior during water injection and production in a geothermal field. However data processing of this technique is very costly. In this light, this paper will discuss the solution to cost reduction by applying a neural network in the data processing. A case study in the Takigami geothermal field in Japan will be used to illustrate this. The achieved neural network in this case study is three-layered and feed-forward. The most successful learning algorithm in this network is the Resilient Propagation (RPROP). Consequently, the study advances the pragmatism of the “fluid-flow tomography” technique which can be widely used for geothermal fields. Accuracy of the solution is then verified by using root mean square (RMS) misfit error as an indicator.  相似文献   

基于混合像元分类的城市地表覆盖时空演变格局研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

戴晓燕  过仲阳  张利权  吴健平 《地理科学》2009,29(1)

基于可能性理论和中心点聚类方法的原理,提出可能性C中心点(PCRMDD)聚类方法.运用该法对上海市中心城区Landsat ETM+遥感影像进行混合像元分类,并自动获取地物端元盖度分布图及影像端元光谱,解混精度的检验结果表明该方法能在噪声环境下获得精度较高的分类结果和端元光谱信息.根据各时期研究区域的地表覆盖分类结果,应用GIS空间分析功能,进一步探讨在城市化过程中上海中心城区土地利用时空演变格局,揭示城市用地空间扩展模式.  相似文献   

双河油田核三段Ⅱ油层组内夹层分布规律   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

张尚锋  张昌民  伊海生  郑荣才  樊中海  姜建伟  鲁国甫 《沉积与特提斯地质》2000,20(4):71-78

油层内的夹层是影响油田注水效果的因素之一,也是影响剩余油研究分布的主要因素。笔者以钻井岩心、测井等资料为基础,研究夹层的类型,成因及发育分布特征,指出各种类型的夹层与基准面变化过程中Ａ／Ｓ比值变化和沉积物补给通量变化关系密切,不同级次的基准面旋回和不同沉积微相内夹层的层次类型及发育分布规律不同。文中深入分析了夹层类型与基准面旋回的关系。  相似文献   

陕甘宁盆地中部马五段上部成岩层序地层学研究及其意义   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

周劲松  赵澄林  刘明梅 《岩石矿物学杂志》2000,19(2):113-120

陕甘宁盆地具有较有利的成岩层序地层学研究条件。根据多种资料,将盆地中部马五段上部划分出八个准层序。准层序内部的酸不溶物含量、自然伽玛、曲线、稳定碳同位素值及残余含盐量等参数呈现规律性变化,这为相似类型的地层的准层序划分提供了新的方法。在不同的成岩作用中,准层序上站的溶解作用／去膏化作用明显强于准层序下部;准层序上部多为准同生白云岩化形成的泥－粉晶白云岩,下部则多为再次云化形成的细粉晶－粗粉白云岩,  相似文献   

σ-Coordinates hydrodynamic numerical model for coastal and ocean three-dimensional circulation     

M. Drago  L. Iovenitti 《Ocean Engineering》2000,27(10):607

A three-dimensional finite-difference hydrodynamic model has been developed using σ-coordinate for the vertical dimension. An explicit scheme for temporal integration and a staggered grid for spatial discretization have been adopted. The model has been tested against analytical or literature cases for wind and tide induced circulation. Results are in good agreement both with analytical solutions under idealised conditions and with results from the model of Shankar et al. (1996).  相似文献   

扬子地区江口冰期地层的划分对比与南华系层型剖面   总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16  

张启锐  储雪蕾 《地层学杂志》2006,30(4):306-314

我国南方扬子板块是国际上新元古代冰期地层最具代表性的地区之一,冰期记录出露广泛,研究程度较高,为国内外学者所关注。当前,国际上普遍认为新元古代主要有两次全球性大冰期,一般以澳大利亚的Sturtian和Marinoan冰期为代表,扬子地区的南沱冰期和江口冰期与之相对应。但是,围绕扬子地区冰期地层的划分对比一直存在较大争议。关于上冰期的对比,虽然曾出现过不同的意见,但随着南沱组年龄数据的获得看法已趋于一致。目前主要分歧来自对下冰期和间冰期的认识。我国目前通常使用的名称,如“长安冰期”、“富禄间冰期”和“古城冰期”等与国际上的认识有差异,对新建的“南华系”地层划分和对比产生了不同的理解。根据扬子地区地质工作的多年积累和研究的成果,以“江口群”取代原“江口组”,使之成为扬子地区代表下冰期沉积的统一地层单元,江口群涵盖了下冰期的长安组、富禄组及与之相关的地层单元;扬子地区的下冰期相应地称为“江口冰期”,与国际上的Sturtian冰期可以很好地对应,含义更完整。我国南方对应于Sturtian和Marinoan冰期的是江口冰期和南沱冰期。湘黔桂地区的新元古代冰期地层保存最完整连续,其中贵州黎平县的肇兴剖面可考虑作为新元古代冰期地层的候选层型剖面。  相似文献