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Wheeler diagrams are excellent tools to represent time stratigraphy. These diagrams are produced by considering interpreted surfaces as snapshots of geologic times linked with transit cycles of the base level. The base level, defined in the nineteenth century, can be regarded as an ultimate ‘time’ reference for stratigraphic units. The application of the base level concept to deep marine settings is a more recent development, even though the same definition applies to all depositional environments. Flat timelines are also known as flattening theories can produce similar looking diagrams and have an edge that they operate in 3D. However, flattening of a dataset can be achieved with various techniques, which are reviewed and the optimum algorithm, which has a future application for hydrocarbon and research communities, is improved to honor geological constraints such as faults and horizons. A secondary aspect of the Wheeler diagrams is the dual nature of geological timelines. The diagrams are originally plotted on a relative geological time scale and no formal technique has yet been recommended for time calibration. In this paper, a nomogram approach is proposed to calibrate the timelines. The representation of unconformities that are parallel to bedding planes is another important idea presented in this paper. 相似文献
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以新构造运动为背景,以岩石地层特征为基础,以多种方法的测年数据为依据,以生物化石种属与产出层位和气候地层为参考,按照多重地层划分观点,本文首次对若尔盖盆地更新统及全新统的生物地层、气候地层和年代地层的划分做了深入研究,进而提出了若尔盖盆地晚新近纪地层的多重划分与对比方案.在以新构造运动为背景下沉积的更新统一全新统生物地层、气候地层等在不同发展阶段具有不同的特征,相同时期不同沉积物之间可以相互对比.利用植物、孢粉和测年数据,"阿坝砾石层"时代划归为早更新世.黄河干流、黑河和白河地层中所产古脊椎动物化石和介形类化石的地质时代为晚更新世.由泥炭孢粉剖面和RM孔孢粉资料揭示出晚冰期到冰后期以来,若尔盖地区的气候表现出极大的不稳定性,冷暖变化频繁,可与由冰期与间冰期或干旱期与湿润期交替演进的气候地层划分的中更新世4366高地冰期和尼格曲一公巴拉克冰期,晚更新世末次冰期早期的木哈隆冰阶、扎尔吉冰阶、羊拱海冰阶、希门错沟冰阶和末次冰期晚期的安纳尔冰阶、全新世冰后期气候地层单位,以及河流堆积阶地划分和风成堆积划分相对应. 相似文献
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中国二叠纪年代地层划分和对比 总被引：54，自引：3，他引：51
自从采用多重地层分类原则后,我国地层学者提出了许多新的二叠纪年代地层单位。本文论述了经过筛选和重新厘订的中国二叠纪年代地层系统。中国二叠系被划分为３个统８个阶。其中,船山统包括紫松阶和隆林阶,阳新统又分成硒霞亚统及所属的罗甸阶和祥播阶。茅口亚统及所属的孤峰阶和冷坞阶;乐平统包括吴家坪阶和长兴阶。文中还讨论了中国各大地层区二叠纪沉积的年代对比以及中国与国际二叠纪年代地层系统的关系。 相似文献
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二叠纪末大灭绝之后，三叠纪初残存期和复苏期生态系研究成为当今热点。这也是2005年5月在安徽巢湖召开的“三叠纪年代地层与生物复苏国际学术会议”上的主导论题。逐一介绍了会议学术报告的主题内容，以期提炼相关领域的学术关键和学科发展趋向。学术主题之一是早三叠世年代地层格架，尤其是印度阶―奥伦尼克阶界线层型；第二是二叠纪―三叠纪之交灭绝和环境事件的表现形式和过程；第三是二叠纪―三叠纪之交及早三叠世微生物岩及其代表的特殊生态系；第四是灭绝事件后三叠纪初一些关键生物类别的演变历程；第五是中生代初生态系复苏过程和型式；第六是早三叠世生物迟滞复苏的原因。 相似文献
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IR-OSL dating of uranium-rich deposits from the new late Pleistocene section at the Voka site, North-Eastern Estonia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper presents a series of results obtained from the 22 m thick deposits of the late Pleistocene section at the Voka site, NE Estonia. The section has been intensively studied during the past few years to elucidate the dynamics of the late Weichselian palaeoenvironmental changes in the Baltic region. According to the results obtained, the sediments at the Voka site were deposited in presumably freshwater sedimentary basin, which existed at least during the whole pre-Late Glacial Maximum (LGM) period of late Pleistocene (MIS 5 to 3). One of the characteristic features of the deposits is the high uranium content (up to 23 ppm) in the upper part of the section studied. This study aimed to focus on the influence of potentially unstable environmental radioactivity on dosimetric dating results due to possible disequilibrium in the U decay chain. It was found that despite the high uranium content in the deposits, the dispersion of the dates obtained is surprisingly low. At the depths with the highest uranium content, only a moderate increase of the dispersion of the ages is observed. 相似文献
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Eustasy and sea water Sr composition: application to high-resolution Sr-isotope stratigraphy of Miocene shallow-water carbonates 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
K.F. KROEGER M. REUTER M.H. FORST S. BREISIG† G. HARTMANN‡ T.C. BRACHERT 《Sedimentology》2007,54(3):565-585
Oceanic 87Sr/86Sr‐isotope ratios are strongly influenced by rates of silicate weathering and therefore linked not only to glaciation but also to sea‐level change. The present study combines analysis of sequence stratigraphy and basin architecture with Sr‐isotope stratigraphy in Miocene shallow‐water sediments in southern Portugal and Crete (Greece). The common method is to use smoothed global sea water Sr‐isotope reference curves but here a different approach is chosen. Instead, measured Sr‐isotope curves are correlated with unsmoothed reference curves by identification of similar fluctuations in the order of several 100 kyr. Transgressive intervals are characterized by increasing Sr‐isotope ratios interpreted as corresponding to intensified silicate weathering as a consequence of deglaciation, while lowstand deposits have low Sr‐isotope ratios. Comparison of Sr‐isotope curves and sedimentary sequences in the studied basins with independent global δ18O data and data on global sea‐level might suggest a general relationship, supporting a connection to global climate change. Because of these relationships, the method presented herein has a high potential for use in high‐resolution age dating and is also applicable in shallow‐water sediments. 相似文献
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二叠系-三叠系研究的进展 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
介绍了近年来二叠系、三叠来年代地层学的研究趋势及最新的年代地层表与磁性地层表。在二叠系、三叠系界线方面报道了新的底界方案及四个层型候选剖面，以及与之有关的生物地层学进展。界线事件地层学的总趋势是球外事件研究趋于沉静而缺氧事件、海侵事件及火山事件的综合作用导致生物大绝灭的观点已占主导地位，其中界线缺氧事件的确立以及海侵始于二叠纪末的新观点是引人注目的发展。在层序地层学方面对于二叠系的全球海平面变化一般趋向于分四个旋回，但对于三叠纪则尚未统一。早二叠世的全球冰期—海平面升降旋回及三叠纪的米兰柯维奇旋回在我国均有可能发现和研究。文章最后提出了层序地层界线与年代地层界线不一致所产生的理论问题并探讨了解决方法。 相似文献
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松辽盆地断陷期白垩纪营城组的时代归属 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18
本文结合生物地层,同位素年代学,古地磁及地层序列的最新研究成果,探讨了松辽盆地断陷期营城组的时代归属。营城组孢粉组合多繁盛于白垩纪早—中期的Hauterivian期—Albian期;营城组同位素年龄分布表现出两个峰值135 ~ 120Ma和115 ~ 110Ma,结合采样层位及地层序列特征认为135~130Ma代表营城组下段中基性火山岩的年龄,130 ~ 120Ma代表营城组一段酸性火山岩的年龄,115~110Ma代表营城组三段基性火山岩及顶部酸性火山岩的年龄;古地磁研究表明在Hauterivian期底界偏上的135Ma发生过磁性的倒转以及松辽盆地的快速北移。这些特征表明营城组的时代为Hauterivian期—Albian早期,同位素年龄为135 ~ 110Ma。 相似文献
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David P. Page 《Planetary and Space Science》2010,58(10):1406-1413
The origin of Mars’ Elysium-Amazonis plain has been the subject of debate for three decades, with a flood-volcanic origin the majority view today. Stratigraphical observations indicate that this view, based mainly on form analogy with Earth, is in error. A general unwillingness to engage with these observations in published work is detrimental not only to wider perceptions of planetary geology, often viewed as little more than the science of resemblance as a consequence, but also to superposed theories of surface chronology and source of the young martian meteorites, which are characterised by inconsistency and paradox as a result. Adherents to the volcanic hypothesis must convincingly explain how the observed field-relations are consistent with a lava surface across this region, or accept that these deposits are not what they currently believe them to be. 相似文献