西藏拉萨地体南缘汤白地区始新世辉绿岩脉——新特提斯洋壳断离的证据          下载免费PDF全文

王旭辉  郎兴海  邓煜霖  谢富伟  娄渝明  张赫  杨宗耀 《中国地质》2019,46(6):1336-1355

拉萨地体南缘汤白地区广泛分布新生代的辉绿岩脉。为探讨该辉绿岩脉形成时代、岩石成因和地质意义,对其开展了详细的岩相学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示辉绿岩脉的结晶年龄为(54±1)Ma,表明其形成于早始新世。微量元素地球化学特征显示富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs:如Rb、Sr和Ba),亏损高场强元素(HFSEs:如Nb、Ta和Ti)。与典型的弧岩浆岩、区域上叶巴组和桑日岩群中的玄武岩相比具有较高的Nb、TiO_2和Zr含量,在微量元素构造环境判别图解中显示出板内玄武岩地球化学属性。微量元素地球化学特征结合锆石Hf同位素表明岩浆源区除被俯冲板片释放的流体交代的岩石圈富集地幔外,还有软流圈亏损地幔物质加入。汤白辉绿岩脉侵入年龄与区域上林子宗群火山活动峰期接近(52 Ma)。同时结合岩石成因及构造背景,作者认为汤白辉绿岩脉是54～52 Ma新特提斯洋壳断离诱发岩浆作用的产物。根据最新大陆碰撞及板片断离的三维数值模型,暗示了印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞的起始时间为65 Ma或者更早。  相似文献   

琼西南三叠纪基性岩脉年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义     

陈新跃  王岳军  韩会平  张玉芝  温淑女  曹有金 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2014,44(3):835

琼西南东方中沙农场发育有基性岩脉,主要由斜长石、单斜辉石和少量角闪石组成。其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学测试表明,该岩脉形成年龄为(242.2±2.6) Ma,和东部地区辉绿岩脉的形成年龄一致。该基性岩脉w（SiO₂）=52.39%~53.44%,w（K₂O+Na₂O）=5.02%~5.71%,具富钾(w（K₂O）=2.45%~3.29%)和高K2O/Na2O值 (0.91~1.63) 特征。该基性岩脉富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(LIL),轻微Eu负异常(δEu=0.76~0.84),Sr、P弱负异常,明显亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti。海南约240 Ma的基性岩脉可能来源于被流体交代的地幔源区,形成于华南-印支陆块碰撞后伸展构造环境。  相似文献   

Floods on the rivers within the Kama basin and flood-control measures     

S.A. Dvinskikh  A.B. Kitayev  A.V. Mikhailov 《Geography and Natural Resources》2010,31(4):351-355

We examine the conditions of flood formation on water bodies in Permsky Krai. A spatio-temporal analysis is made of the development of floods on rivers. We demonstrate the possibility of using protection and bank-strengthening structures with an example of the Sylva, Iren and Shakva rivers in the area of the city of Kungur.  相似文献   

The ~AD1315 Tarawera and Waiotapu eruptions, New Zealand: contemporaneous rhyolite and hydrothermal eruptions driven by an arrested basalt dike system?     

Ian A. Nairn  Jeffrey W. Hedenquist  Pilar Villamor  Kelvin R. Berryman  Phil A. Shane 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2005,67(2):186-193

A series of large hydrothermal eruptions occurred across the Waiotapu geothermal field at about the same (prehistoric) time as the ~AD1315 Kaharoa rhyolite magmatic eruptions from Tarawera volcano vents, 10–20 km distant. Triggering of the Waiotapu hydrothermal eruptions was previously attributed to displacement of the adjacent Ngapouri Fault. The Kaharoa rhyolite eruptions are now recognised as primed and triggered by multiple basalt intrusions beneath the Tarawera volcano. A ~1000 t/day pulse of CO₂ gas is recorded by alteration mineralogy and fluid inclusions in drill core samples from Waiotapu geothermal wells. This CO₂ pulse is most readily sourced from basalt intruded at depth, and although not precisely dated, it appears to be associated with the Waiotapu hydrothermal eruptions. We infer that the hydrothermal eruptions at Waiotapu were primed by intrusion of the same arrested basalt dike system that drove the rhyolite eruptions at Tarawera. This dike system was likely similar at depth to the dike that generated basalt eruptions from a 17 km-long fissure that formed across the Tarawera region in AD1886. Fault ruptures that occurred in the Waiotapu area in association with both the AD1886 and ~AD1315 eruptions are considered to be a result, rather than a cause, of the dike intrusion processes.Editorial responsibility: J. Donnelly-Nolan  相似文献   

赣杭构造带中西段中生代基性脉岩地球化学特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

齐有强  胡瑞忠  刘燊  戚华文  冯彩霞 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(5)

赣杭构造带中西段发育的基性脉岩以辉绿岩为主,SiO2质量分数为46.88%~53.69%,从西段至中段总体显示亚碱性至碱性的变化规律。微量元素相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素(HREE)。稀土元素总量具有明显的规律性分布,即呈中段(广丰)—中西段交接部(余江、东乡)—西段(永丰、峡江)的递减趋势。西段永丰地区有明显的负Eu异常。Sr、Nd同位素变化比较大((87Sr/86Sr)i为0.704 635~0.708 769,(143Nd/144Nd)i为0.512 173~0.512 758,εNd(t)为-6.8~ 5.6),暗示其源区具有明显的不均一性。具体表现为中西段结合部(东乡、余江)及西段(峡江)为亏损地幔,而西段(永丰)和中段(广丰)为偏向EMⅡ型富集地幔来源。基性脉岩总体表现为地幔部分熔融的产物,西段(永丰)受到较明显的分离结晶作用影响。在古太平洋板块俯冲影响下产生的弧后拉张作用以及造成的构造带重新活化作用对基性脉岩的形成产生了重要影响,地区间岩石地球化学特征上的差异主要与流体对岩浆源区交代程度的不同有关。  相似文献   

Facies and flow regimes of sandstone‐hosted columnar intrusions: Insights from the pipes of Kodachrome Basin State Park     

Jessica A. Ross  Jeff Peakall  Gareth M. Keevil 《Sedimentology》2014,61(6):1764-1792

Sandstone‐hosted intrusions are found in a wide variety of environments, but remain poorly understood compared with their mudstone‐hosted counterparts. In particular, they remain largely unrecognized in the subsurface, in part because they are problematic to image in seismic data. This study reports on the facies and fluid flow associated with a 20 000 km³ sandstone intrusion province in Utah, USA. Forming a small portion of this intrusion province, the intrusions cropping out in Kodachrome Basin State Park display a very wide array of facies and morphologies, factors which would make their identification in core a significant challenge. Remobilized sediment is shown to have been injected at least 200 m vertically from its source, with flow prolonged enough to concentrate heavy minerals in placer‐style deposits at the pipe margins. Evidence for lateral pipe migration and for associated broader fluidization regions is also presented. A new approach to estimating flow parameters in injectites is implemented herein, and indicates that previous work has overestimated velocities and flow Reynolds numbers by up to two orders of magnitude. Flow modelling suggests turbulent flow in the pipes that is consistent with field observations of erosive margins and chaotic internal structures. Post‐emplacement, these pipes remained as long‐term fluid conduits, as revealed by their diagenetic history, focussing and facilitating flow of extraformational fluids, despite the relatively high porosity and permeability of the aeolian host strata.  相似文献   

广南洒拉冲金矿矿床地质特征及成因分析     

黎燕 《云南地质》2014,(1):66-70

洒拉冲金矿处于我国卡林型金矿重要成矿区——滇黔桂“金三角”区东南隅的广南与广西毗邻地区.控矿因素主要为沿洒拉冲复式背斜核部及翼部发育的NWW—SEE向断裂破碎带,为脆性剪切带热液蚀变型金矿.文中从区域地质背景入手,系统介绍矿金矿矿床地质特征,分析矿床成因及找矿标志.  相似文献   

Magnetic studies of magma-supply and sea-floor metamorphism: Troodos ophiolite dikes   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

G.J. Borradaile  D. Gauthier 《Tectonophysics》2006,418(1-2):75

Dikes of the eastern Troodos ophiolite of Cyprus intruded at slow ocean-spreading axes with dips ranging up to 15° from vertical and with bimodal strikes (now NE–SW and N–S due to post-88 Ma sinistral microplate rotation). Varied dike orientations may represent local stress fields during dike-crack propagation but do not influence the spatial-distributions or orientation-distributions of dikes' magnetic fabrics, nor of their palaeomagnetic signals. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) integrates mineral orientation-distributions from each of 1289 specimens sampled from dikes at 356 sites over 400 km² in the eastern Troodos ophiolite of Cyprus. In 90% of dikes, AMS fabrics define a foliation (k_MAX–k_INT) parallel to dike walls and a lineation (k_MAX) that varies regionally and systematically. Magma-flow alignment of accessory magnetite controls the AMS with a subordinate contribution from the mafic silicate matrix that is reduced in anisotropy by sea-floor metamorphism. Titanomagnetite has less influence on anisotropy. Occasionally, intermediate and minimum susceptibility axes are switched so as to be incompatible with the kinematically reasonable flow plane but maximum susceptibility (k_MAX) still defines the magmatic flow axis. Such blended subfabrics of kinematically compatible mafic-silicate and misaligned multidomain magnetite subfabrics; are rare. Areas of steep magma flow (k_MAX plunge ≥ 70°) and of shallow magma-flow alternate in a systematic and gradual spatial pattern. Foci of steep flow were spaced 4 km parallel to the spreading axes and 6 km perpendicular to the spreading axes. Ridge-parallel separation of steep flow suggest the spacing of magma-feeders to the dikes whereas ridge-perpendicular spacing of 6 km at a spreading rate of 50 mm/a implies the magma sources may have been active for 240 Ka. The magma feeders feeding dikes may have been ≤ 2 km in diameter. Stable paleomagnetic vectors, in some cases verified by reversal tests, are retained by magnetite and titanomagnetite. In all specimens, the stable components were isolated by three cycles of low-temperature demagnetization (LTD) followed by ≥ 10 steps of incremental thermal demagnetization (TD). 47% of primary A-components [338.2 /+ 57.2 n = 207, α₉₅ = 3.9; mean T_UB = 397 ± 8 °C] are overprinted by a B-component [341.4 /+ 63.5, n = 96, α₉₅ = 8.7; mean T_UB = 182 ± 11 °C]. A- and B-components are ubiquitous and shared equally by the N–S and NE–SW striking dikes. A-component unblocking temperatures (T_UB) are zoned subparallel to the fossil spreading axis. Their spatial pattern is consistent with chemical remagnetization at some certain off-axis distance determined by sea-floor spreading. A-components indicate less microplate rotation and more northerly palaeolatitudes that are consistent with metamorphic remagnetization after some spreading from the ridge-axis. Thus, their magnetizations are younger than those of the overlying volcanic sequence for which ChRMs are commonly reported as 274 /+ 33 (88 Ma).  相似文献   

舟山东港新城溃堤洪水演进数值模拟          下载免费PDF全文

黄潘阳  来向华  季有俊  胡涛骏  王友忠 《海洋学研究》2017,35(4):61-68

台风会引起风暴增水和强浪。围填海工程建于软土地基上,海堤易产生不规则沉降,在台风引起的强浪作用下有可能发生溃堤,海水在高水位下大量涌入围区,引发灾难。针对溃坝的急变流特性,基于Delft3D Open Source,采用一种基于经典交错网格的改进型数值方法(其水流扩展流动数值近似算法符合动量守恒,而水流收缩流动数值近似则满足伯努利方程),建立了舟山东港新城溃堤洪水演进模型,并计算了最大可能风暴增水条件下溃堤洪水在东港新城的演进过程。结果表明,围区内的地形形势对洪水的演进及最终分布起了决定性作用,当溃口出现在不同位置时,影响范围和程度不一样。东港南部由于地势较低,且没有大型的吸纳洪水的人工湖,当附近出现50 m宽的溃口时,近乎整个南部区域都会受到海水的影响;而北部由于地势相对较高,影响有限。  相似文献   

华北陆块早元古代基性岩墙群及其构造意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王岳军  彭头平  范蔚茗  赵国春  喻晓冰 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2007,26(1):1-9

华北陆块中部带的晋冀蒙地区早元古代未变形变质基性岩脉形成于1781~1765 Ma。东部陆块鲁西地区早元古代类似的基性岩脉形成时间约为1841 Ma。中部带基性岩脉依据其FeOt含量、(Nb/La)N和(Th/Nb)N值的差异能划分为组1、组2和组3三类。它们的元素-同位素组成变化表明,组1样品起源于再循环大陆玄武质组分参与的交代岩石圈地幔,组2样品源于交代富铁岩石圈地幔与MORB组分的混杂源区,组3样品则是受辉长质组分混染的、经俯冲改造而成的岩石圈地幔产物。相反,鲁西地区基性岩脉亏损HFSE,具MORB型钕同位素组成。上述地球化学特征支持华北陆块中部带约1780 Ma的基性岩脉与早期俯冲碰撞作用的关系密切,而东部陆块约1840 Ma基性岩脉类似于弧后盆地构造背景产物。  相似文献