晋城矿区无烟煤层中泥岩夹矸的变化特征及成因探讨          下载免费PDF全文

魏孔明 《岩石矿物学杂志》2003,22(2):150-154

通过研究无烟煤层中泥岩夹矸的岩石矿物学特征，探讨其主要成分高岭石发生转化的主要方向及影响因素。对晋城矿区实地观测，并采集一定量的标本，通过显微镜下鉴定、差热分析、X射线粉晶衍射分析、红外吸收光谱分析等研究，发现无烟煤层泥岩夹矸中高岭石主要向伊利石转化，并有伊利石-蒙脱石(I／M)混层矿物及蒙脱石出现。煤的变质程度升高、夹矸矿物转化的主要原因是区域变质作用及周围介质条件的影响。  相似文献   

哈尔滨市地下水开采安全警戒量的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱雪芹  文丽杰  孟庆国 《水文》2003,23(3):37-39,33

明确了地下水开采安全警戒量的概念，建立了哈尔滨市地下水开采安全警戒量评价指标体系。以地下水过量开采所带来的环境负效应作为评价指标，对这些环境指标进行了量化分级、加权。运用GIS空间叠加手段，建立了研究区每个栅格的地下水开采安全警戒量评价体系，求出了哈尔滨市地下水开采安全警戒量。  相似文献   

露天铁矿禀赋优势等级划分和合理矿业税费的研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘保顺袁怀雨  李克庆 《地质与勘探》2003,39(4):69-72

利用自组织神经网络，对我国主要露天铁矿进行了禀赋优势等级划分。权利金大小的确定，应以铁矿资源的资产评估为基础，资产评估时合理成本的取值应是评估矿山所在同一等级矿山的平均成本。矿产资源的原有价值是权利金征收的对象。最后以歪头山为实例，计算了铁矿资源的原有价值和权利金。结果表明，目前对歪头山铁矿征收的税费仍然偏高。  相似文献   

The design of post‐mining landscapes using geomorphic principles     

G. R. Hancock  R. J. Loch  G. R. Willgoose 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2003,28(10):1097-1110

Nature can provide analogues for post‐mining landscapes in terms of landscape stability and also in terms of the rehabilitated structure ‘blending in’ with the surrounding undisturbed landscape. In soil‐mantled landscapes, hillslopes typically have a characteristic pro?le that has a convex upper hillslope pro?le with a concave pro?le lower down the slope. In this paper hillslope characteristic form is derived using the area–slope relationship from pre‐mining topography at two sites in Western Australia. Using this relationship, concave hillslope pro?les are constructed and compared to linear hillslopes in terms of sediment loss using the SIBERIA erosion model. It is found that concave hillslopes can reduce sediment loss by up to ?ve times that of linear slopes. Concave slopes can therefore provide an alternative method for the construction of post‐mining landscapes. An understanding of landscape geomorphological properties and the use of erosion models can greatly assist in the design of post‐mining landscapes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

从激光扫描数据中进行建筑物特征提取研究   总被引：42，自引：4，他引：42  

李必军  方志祥  任娟 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2003,28(1):65-70

提出了一套基于建筑物几何特征的信息挖掘方案，并具体介绍了研究中采用的一些原理、方法与实用算法，从而可以直接从激光扫描数据中提取建筑物的平面外轮廓信息。利用本方案对车载激光扫描系统获取的城市建筑物试验数据进行了具体的处理，并给出了三维建模和可视化表达结果。  相似文献   

Coal mining along the Warfield Fault, Mingo County, West Virginia: a tale of ups and downs     

J. Marc Coolen   《International Journal of Coal Geology》2003,54(3-4):193

Mine development along a 15-mile (24 km) section of the Warfield Fault in Mingo County, West Virginia has broadened the geological understanding of the fault and its related structures. The fault has been exposed in two new road cuts, one in the northeast-trending segment at Neely Branch and one in the eastern east-trending segment at the head of Marrowbone Creek. Both exposures show a well-defined normal fault with a 45° to 55° N dip, juxtaposing sandstone/shale packages from the roof and the floor of the Coalburg seam. The fault is associated with a thin gouge zone, some drag folding, and parallel jointing. Its trace tends to run parallel to the crest of the adjacent Warfield Anticline. Based on underground mine development and detailed core drilling, the vertical offset along the fault plane ranges from a maximum of 240 ft (73 m) in the central part of the area near the structural bend to less than 100 ft (30 m) in western and eastern directions. The fault is located along the relatively steeply dipping (locally in excess of 25%) southern limb of the Warfield Anticline, and appears related to a late phase of extension involving folded Pennsylvanian strata. On a regional scale, the lithological variations across the fault do not suggest any appreciable strike-slip component.Underground room and pillar mines in the Coalburg seam north and south of the fault have been greatly impacted by the Warfield structures. Due to the combined (and opposite) effects of the folding and faulting, the northern mines are located up to 400 ft (125 m) higher in elevation than the southern ones. Overland conveyor belts connect mining blocks separated by the fault. The practical mining limit along the steep slopes toward the fault is around 15%. Subsidiary normal faults with offsets in the 5- to 15-ft (1.5–4.5 m) range are fairly common and form major roof control and production hurdles. Overall, the Warfield structures pose an extra challenge to mine development in this part of the Appalachian Coalfields.  相似文献   

Surface analysis of pyrite in the No. 9 coal seam, Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China, using high-resolution time-of-flight secondary ion mass-spectrometry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shifeng Dai  Xiaoqiang Hou  Deyi Ren  Yuegang Tang   《International Journal of Coal Geology》2003,55(2-4):139-150

The chemical composition of pyrite in coal can be used to investigate its geological and mineralogical origin. In this paper, high-resolution time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) was used to study the chemical composition of various pyrite forms in the No. 9 coal seam (S_t,d=3.46%) from the Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, northern China. These include bacteriogenic, framboidal, massive, cell-filling, fracture-filling, and nodular pyrites. In addition to Fe⁺ (⁵⁴Fe⁺, ⁵⁶Fe⁺, ⁵⁷Fe⁺), other fragment ions were detected in bacteriogenic pyrites, such as ²⁷Al⁺, Si⁺ (²⁸Si⁺, ²⁹Si⁺, ³⁰Si⁺), ⁴⁰Ca⁺, Cu⁺ (⁶³Cu⁺, ⁶⁵Cu⁺), Zn⁺ (⁶⁴Zn⁺, ⁶⁶Zn⁺, ⁶⁷Zn⁺, ⁶⁸Zn⁺), Ni⁺ (⁵⁸Ni⁺, ⁶⁰Ni⁺, ⁶²Ni⁺), and C₃H₇⁺. TOF-SIMS images show bacteriogenic pyrites are relatively rich in Cu, Zn, and Ni, suggesting that bacteria probably play an important role in the enrichment of Cu, Zn, and Ni during their formation. Intense positive secondary ion fragments from framboidal aggregates, such as ²⁷Al⁺, ²⁸Si⁺, ²⁹Si⁺, AlO⁺, CH₂⁺, C₃H₃⁺, C₃H₅⁺, and C₄H₇⁺, indicate that formation of the framboidal aggregates may have occurred together with clay mineral and organic matter, which probably serve as the binding substance. The intense ions of ²⁸Si⁺ and ²⁷Al⁺ from massive pyrites also suggest that their pores incorporated clay minerals during crystallization. Together with the lowest ²⁸Si⁺/²³Na⁺ value, the intense organic positive secondary ion peaks from cell-filling pyrites, such as C₃H₃⁺, C₃H₅⁺, C₃H₇⁺, and C₄H₇⁺, indicate that pyrite formation may have accompanied dissolution or disintegration of the cell. The intense P⁺ peak was observed only in the fracture-filling pyrite and the highest ²⁸Si⁺/²³Na⁺ value of fracture-filling pyrite reflects its epigenetic origin. Together with XRD and REEs data, the stronger ⁴⁰Ca⁺ in nodular pyrite than other pyrite forms shows seawater influence during its formation.  相似文献   

Evidence of early generation of liquid hydrocarbon from suberinite as visible under the microscope   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wan Hasiah Abdullah   《Organic Geochemistry》1997,27(7-8)

The early generation of liquid hydrocarbons from suberinite can be clearly observed under the microscope. The generation of this oil-like material, mainly in the form of exsudatinite, from the maceral suberinite occurs at a maturity level of about 0.4% vitrinite reflectance. Hydrocarbons appear to be naturally expelled from coal initially through sweating and agglomeration of suberinite which subsequently forms exsudatinite. It is suggested that extensive expulsion of exsudatinite causes cracks to develop in vitrinite whereas limited expulsion of exsudatinite will only impregnate the vitrinite matrix. If cracks are formed, it is possible they could progressively develop to form an exsudatinite-crack network. The formation of such a network is believed to represent an effective way of hydrocarbon expulsion from coal source rocks.  相似文献   

Mercury mobility at the Carson River Superfund Site, west-central Nevada, USA: Interpretation of mercury speciation data in mill tailings, soils, and sediments     

Paul J. Lechler  Jerry R. Miller  Liang-Chi Hsu  Mario O. Desilets 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1997,58(2-3)

The Carson River Superfund Site in west-central Nevada is an area of Hg-contaminated soil, sediment, water, air, and biola resulting from the amalgamation milling of Ag-Au ores of the Comstock lode worked approximately a century ago. In order to develop an understanding of the behavior, transport, and fate of Hg at this site, a technique was developed to estimate the proportions of total, elemental, exchangeable, organic, and sulfide Hg in soils, sediments, and tailings.Results of this analysis performed on active Carson River sediments indicate that Hg is selectively dissolved out of Hg-Au amalgam particles and subsequently adsorbed to fine-grained sediments which are then deposited in downstream, low-energy reaches of the Carson River and Labontan Reservoir. In the relatively more-reducing environment of the reservoir Hg appears to be converted, in large part, to relatively-insoluble HgS.The original elemental form of Hg released to the environment is the chemical form which is still dominant in most highly-contaminated soils, sediments, and tailings. Deeper, more-reducing soil horizons, however, appear to fix a significant portion of the Hg as HgS, analogous to the Lahontan Reservoir example described above. This fixation as HgS is documented to be largely limited to higher-sulfur areas where sulfide minerals from the Comstock ores increase the total sulfur concentrations of contaminated soils, sediments, and tailings.  相似文献   

边坡及其它类工程地质问题研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐嘉谟 《水文地质工程地质》1997,24(2):35-38

本文提出有关边坡工程地质研究方面的一些新概念，看法和问题，并概述了属地这一专题的边坡及其它各类工程地质问题的研究成果。  相似文献