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Conditions for instabilities in collapsible solids including volume implosion and compaction banding
Ronaldo I. Borja 《Acta Geotechnica》2006,1(2):107-122
We review conditions for material instabilities in porous solids induced by a bifurcation of solution into non-unique strain rate fields. Bifurcation modes considered include jumps in the strain rate tensor of ranks one and higher representing deformation band and diffuse instability modes, respectively. Eigenmodes (e-modes) are extracted for each type of instability to fully characterize various frameworks of deformation in collapsible solids. For diffuse instability these e-modes are determined from a homogeneous system of linear equations emanating from the condition of zero jump in the stress rate tensor, which in turn demands that the tangent constitutive tensor be singular for the existence of nontrivial solutions. For isotropic materials we describe two types of singularity of the constitutive tensor: (a) singularity of the constitutive matrix in principal axes, and (b) singularity of spin. Accordingly, we derive the e-modes for each type of singularity. We utilize the singularity of the constitutive matrix in principal axes as a precursor to volume implosion in collapsible solids such as loose sands undergoing liquefaction instability and high-porosity rocks undergoing cataclastic flow. Finally, we compare conditions and e-modes for volume implosion and compaction banding, two similar failure modes ubiquitous in granular soils and rocks.Supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Grant DE-FG02-03ER15454, and U.S. National Science Foundation, Grants CMS-0201317 and CMS-0324674. 相似文献
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Theocharis Baxevanis Euripides Papamichos Olav Flornes Idar Larsen 《Acta Geotechnica》2006,1(2):123-135
The mechanical behavior and permeability of the Tuffeau de Maastricht calcarenite were studied. Compactions bands were found to form in the “transitional” regime between brittle faulting and cataclastic flow. In order to predict the formation of compaction bands, bifurcation analysis was applied on a model developed by Lade and Kim. The numerical results proved to be in good agreement with the experimental ones where the localization point was identified to be the onset of shear-enhanced compaction (a threshold in differential stress after which significant reduction of porosity is induced). Before the onset of shear-enhanced compaction, permeability was primarily controlled by the effective mean stress, independent of the deviatoric stresses. With the onset of shear-enhanced compaction, however, coupling of the deviatoric and hydrostatic stresses induced considerable permeability and porosity reduction. 相似文献
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油气充注对成岩作用的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
油气充注对成岩作用的影响有三个方面 :抑制石英和伊利石的胶结作用、油气中所有机酸对深部孔隙的溶蚀改造作用、油气超压对压实的缓冲作用。英国北海Miller油气藏等的资料显示 ,油气充注较早时 ,油区的石英胶结速率比水区的明显要低 ,石英的胶结丰度比一般预测值低 ,而孔隙度比一般的预测值要高。我国渤海湾盆地东营凹陷油田资料显示 ,无论浅部或深部 ,凡是含油砂岩 ,其长石类及碳酸盐类矿物的溶解都十分强烈 ,次生孔隙很发育 ,而不含油的砂岩 ,其矿物溶解及次生孔隙发育一般较差 ;油层的方解石、白云石含量一般比水层低 ,深层尤为明显。干酪根生成油气时的流体体积增加 ,可大大增加孔隙流体压力 ,产生超压 ,并可传递到储集层 ,因而大大增加对压实作用的抵抗能力。上述三方面实质上都为深部油气成藏改善了储层基础 ,对深部油气勘探具有非常现实的意义。 相似文献
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《Engineering Geology》2000,56(3-4):293-303
This study aims at investigating the utilization of bottom ash obtained from four different power stations as a construction fill and landfill bottom liner. For the matrix material, commercial powdered bentonite, construction lime and natural clay were used. Compaction tests (Standard Proctor and vibratory hammer) were carried out on the different ratios of bottom ash and matrix material. The optimum water content ranged from 40 to 45% yielding a dry density mostly ca 1 Mg m−3. Uniaxial compressive strength of mixtures ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 kgf cm−2 which showed a 3–20-fold increase when tested on 28-day cured specimens. Triaxial compression tests yield varying rates of shear strength which also showed as high as an 11-fold increase for cured specimens. The hydraulic conductivity of those mixtures was mostly ca 10−4 cm s−1, which is not considered to be low enough for landfill lining. Leaching tests using deionized water were also performed to investigate the possible effect of leachate produced from the mixtures on the environment. In conclusion a light density and environmentally friendly mixture is determined and proposed as construction filler. 相似文献
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兰州高坪湿陷性黄土地基处理方法分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据兰州地区3处大厚度高坪黄土的天然密度、含水量、土粒比重等物理性质指标沿深度变化的统计规律,分析了计算值-天然孔隙比随这些指标的变化规律,得出黄土天然孔隙比简化的计算公式。藉此分析强夯法、挤密桩法等地基处理方法的合理设计参数:对于强夯法,平均夯沉量可以作为初步设计参数和质量检测指标;对于挤密桩法,确定了加固深度和处理后的孔隙比,即可确定桩间距和桩径的比值。 相似文献
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通过详细的岩心观察和描述,同时结合铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射、压汞、核磁共振以及物性等资料的研究,认为海坨子地区扶余油层为末端扇中部亚相沉积,储层岩石类型主要为岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,孔喉结构为小孔隙、细喉或微细喉型,束缚水饱和度高,渗流能力差,属于超低渗透储层。沉积作用和成岩作用是扶余油层超低渗透储层形成的关键。末端扇沉积控制了扶余油层原始沉积物的粒度、碎屑成分以及填隙物成分和含量,使得储层初始孔渗性较差,同时强烈的机械压实作用导致扶余油层原生粒间孔隙体积直线下降,而胶结作用,尤其碳酸盐连晶状基底胶结几乎完全封堵了孔喉,喉道内伊利石等粘土矿物的搭桥生长,也使孔喉变得越来越曲折、狭窄,储层渗流能力因此遭受严重破坏。此外,末端扇储层中大量非渗透性隔夹层导致的强非均质性也是超低渗透储层形成的一个因素。溶蚀作用对扶余油层渗透性的改善有限,但成岩微裂缝和构造裂缝的发育对海坨子地区超低渗透油藏的开发起着至关重要的作用。 相似文献
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Taber Hersum 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,157(3):285-300
Crystals that form an interconnected porous network can become preferentially oriented both prior to and during compaction
of magmatic mush. This introduces anisotropy in the melt pore-space that can reduce permeability in the direction of compaction
and in turn decrease melt flux and compaction rate. Using a number of grain-scale numerical models, the consequences of end-member
magmatic fabrics on the directional dependence of permeability are tested over a range in melt fraction from 22 to 77%. As
the crystal aspect ratio (i.e. ratio of long to short axis length) increases from 2 to 10, isotropic permeability decreases
by a factor of 2 and 5 for randomly oriented prolate and oblate-shaped crystals, respectively, at a melt fraction of 22%.
With a flattening fabric, permeability is reduced in the compaction direction no more than approximately a factor of 2 relative
to the isotropic permeability at the same melt fraction and crystal shape for both oblate and triaxial prisms. However, permeability
is enhanced in directions orthogonal to the compaction direction. For example, permeability is enhanced up to a factor of
11 relative to the isotropic permeability at a melt fraction of 22% for oblate prisms with a ratio of the long to short axis
length of 10. Anisotropy in permeability increases as the melt fraction decreases and the crystal aspect ratio increases.
Ratios of the principal permeabilities are sufficiently large based on the realistic crystal shapes tested here to warrant
including anisotropic permeability into macroscale melt segregation models including those for compaction. 相似文献