高原涡和西南涡影响的两次四川暴雨过程的对比分析     

周玉淑  颜玲  吴天贻  谢泽明 《大气科学》2019,43(4):813-830

为了进一步研究高原涡、西南涡对西南地区暴雨的影响,本文用中国气象局自动站与CMORPH降水数据融合的逐时降水资料、国家卫星气象中心的逐时FY-2E卫星的云顶亮温（TBB）资料、欧洲气象资料中心（ERA-interim）的再分析资料,通过天气学诊断分析方法以及拉格朗日轨迹模式HYSPLITv4.9,对发生在四川盆地的有高原涡东移影响西南涡发展引发暴雨的两次过程进行对比分析,发现:（1）两次暴雨过程的降水强度和分布有明显区别,并且TBB活动特征显示在过程一中有MCC（Mesoscale Convective Complex）的产生和发展,过程二则没有。（2）对于过程一,500 hPa上,高原涡逐渐减弱为高原槽并伸展到四川盆地上空,850 hPa上,在鞍型场附近有MCC的产生和发展,200 hPa上,高原涡在南亚高压北部偏西风急流下方的强辐散区内,位于南亚高压东南侧急流区下方稳定少动,偏东风急流北部有辐散中心,有利于西南涡的加强。对于过程二,500 hPa高原涡东移在四川盆地上空与西南涡耦合,形成一个稳定且深厚的系统,这也是过程二的暴雨强度比过程一强的最主要原因。200 hPa上,四川盆地始终位于南亚高压东侧的西北气流中,“抽吸作用”明显。（3）在过程一中,位涡逐渐东传且位涡增加的地方对应强降水区与MCC发展区,反映了暴雨和位涡的发展基本一致。在过程二中,中层位涡高值区从高原上东移并下传至盆地上空,两涡耦合使得上下层打通,位涡值比耦合之前单独的两涡强度更强。 MCC产生的必要条件是中层大气要有强正涡度、强辐合和强上升运动,在未产生MCC前,过程一与过程二在盆地上空的动力条件甚至是相反的;从热力条件看,过程一中有明显的干冷空气入侵,增强不稳定条件,有利于MCC的产生并引发强降水;另一方面,本文也应证了二阶位涡的水平分布与暴雨落区有较好的对应关系。（4）通过拉格朗日方法的水汽轨迹追踪模式和聚类分析方法分析可得两次暴雨过程的水汽输送源地和通道也有明显区别,过程一主要有两条水汽通道,通道一来自阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾洋面的底层,通道二来自四川南部750 m以下高度;而过程二的主要水汽输送通道有三条,通道一来自西方地中海、黑海和里海上空1500～2500 m高度附近,通道二来自阿拉伯海和印度洋的底层,通道三的水汽从孟加拉湾低层绕过云贵高原直接输送到四川盆地。  相似文献   

延庆-张家口地区复杂地形冬季山谷风特征分析   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4  

贾春晖  窦晶晶  苗世光  王迎春 《气象学报》2019,77(3):475-488

基于2016年12月—2017年2月和2017年12月—2018年2月两年冬季的近地面自动气象站逐时观测数据以及张家口探空数据分析延庆-张家口一带（包括张家口崇礼、赤城、海坨、小五台山区,延怀、怀涿、洋河、蔚县盆地以及北京延庆、昌平、怀柔部分平原地区）复杂地形的风场精细化时、空分布特征,揭示不同复杂地形下局地风场的时、空变化规律,加深对复杂地形动力、热力作用对近地面风场影响的认识,为冬季山区风场预报以及复杂地形数值模式改进提供参考。结果表明:晴朗小风天风持续性作为矢量平均风速和标量平均风速的比值,可以作为研究风场变化规律的重要参数。根据风持续性的日变化特征,可以将研究区域内所有站点分为10种类型,分别代表不同局地地形特征的影响,风持续与风向变化的相关也很强。研究区域主要有3种类型的地形风:斜坡风、峡谷风以及较大尺度的山区平原风。不同地形特征下的风场、风持续性存在明显不同的日变化特征,山风和谷风相互转化的时间也不同,山区最早,盆地次之,平原区最晚;山风时段持续时间较谷风时段长,风速小;晴朗小风天实测风反映了实际风场的特征,而排除环境背景风场,弱化地形动力作用后整个冬季的局地风作为理论山谷风,更能反映热力作用下的山谷风特征。   相似文献   

北京山区与平原冬季近地面风的精细观测特征     

乌日柴胡  王建捷  孙靖  黄丽萍  孙健 《气象学报》2019,77(6):1107-1123

利用2009—2018年冬季北京地区200多个自动气象站逐时10 m风速、风向观测数据,分典型区域（山区、山区与平原过渡区、平原区、城区）研究北京地区冬季近地面风的精细特征,并使用有完整记录的2 a（2017和2018年）冬季延庆高山区不同海拔高度10 m风逐时观测数据,多视角分析高山区不同海拔高度近地面风的特征和成因,以深刻认识北京地区复杂地形条件下冬季近地面风的特征和规律。结果表明:（1）北京地区冬季近地面平均风受西部北部地形、城市下垫面粗糙度和冷空气活动共同影响,平均风速沿地形梯度分布,山区高平原低,平原中又以城区风速最小;盛行西北风和北风,在城区东、西两侧盛行风出现扰流,在山区和过渡区一些地方还存在与局地地形环境明显关联的其他盛行风向。（2）4个典型区域冬季近地面风速日变化均表现为白天风速大于夜间,午间风速最大的“峰强谷平”单峰特征,这一特征的稳定性在城区高、山区低。（3）4个区域冬季弱风（< 1 m/s）频率为31%—42%,城区较高、山区较低;强风（> 10.8 m/s）频次则是山区多、城区少,强风风向主要表现为偏西—偏北,与冷空气活动密切关联;城区、平原区和过渡区偏南风频率均为极小,暗示北京“山区—平原”风模态在冬季是“隐式”的、不易被直接观测到。（4）近地面风的水平尺度代表范围在延庆高山区高海拔处明显大于低海拔处,海拔1500 m附近（平均的边界层顶高度）是延庆高山近地面风速日变化特征的“分水岭”,低于该海拔高度时近地面风速日变化表现为前述“峰强谷平”单峰特征,而高于该海拔高度时近地面风速日变化则呈现相反特征,即夜间大白天小、午间最小的“峰平谷深”特征,这是由边界层湍流活动的日变化及伴随的低层自由大气动量向边界层内下传所致。（5）延庆高山近地面风速大体上随观测高度而增大,高海拔站点日平均风速数倍于低海拔站点。白天—前半夜,海拔约2000 m的站点冬季盛行偏西风,风向变化不大,但风速为2—12 m/s;1000 m左右的低海拔站则风速比较稳定（< 6 m/s）,风向从午间至傍晚相对多变。   相似文献   

Structural and metamorphic evolution of the Moornambool Metamorphic Complex,western Lachlan Fold Belt,southeastern Australia     

G. Phillips  J. McL. Miller  C. J. L. Wilson 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):891-913

The wedge‐shaped Moornambool Metamorphic Complex is bounded by the Coongee Fault to the east and the Moyston Fault to the west. This complex was juxtaposed between stable Delamerian crust to the west and the eastward migrating deformation that occurred in the western Lachlan Fold Belt during the Ordovician and Silurian. The complex comprises Cambrian turbidites and mafic volcanics and is subdivided into a lower greenschist eastern zone and a higher grade amphibolite facies western zone, with sub‐greenschist rocks occurring on either side of the complex. The boundary between the two zones is defined by steeply dipping L‐S tectonites of the Mt Ararat ductile high‐strain zone. Deformation reflects marked structural thickening that produced garnet‐bearing amphibolites followed by exhumation via ductile shearing and brittle faulting. Pressure‐temperature estimates on garnet‐bearing amphibolites in the western zone suggest metamorphic pressures of ～0.7–0.8 GPa and temperatures of ～540–590°C. Metamorphic grade variations suggest that between 15 and 20 km of vertical offset occurs across the east‐dipping Moyston Fault. Bounding fault structures show evidence for early ductile deformation followed by later brittle deformation/reactivation. Ductile deformation within the complex is initially marked by early bedding‐parallel cleavages. Later deformation produced tight to isoclinal D₂ folds and steeply dipping ductile high‐strain zones. The S₂ foliation is the dominant fabric in the complex and is shallowly west‐dipping to flat‐lying in the western zone and steeply west‐dipping in the eastern zone. Peak metamorphism is pre‐ to syn‐D₂. Later ductile deformation reoriented the S₂ foliation, produced S₃ crenulation cleavages across both zones and localised S₄ fabrics. The transition to brittle deformation is defined by the development of east‐ and west‐dipping reverse faults that produce a neutral vergence and not the predominant east‐vergent transport observed throughout the rest of the western Lachlan Fold Belt. Later north‐dipping thrusts overprint these fault structures. The majority of fault transport along ductile and brittle structures occurred prior to the intrusion of the Early Devonian Ararat Granodiorite. Late west‐ and east‐dipping faults represent the final stages of major brittle deformation: these are post plutonism.  相似文献   

Vanadium in magnetite gabbros and its behaviour during lateritic weathering,Windimurra Complex,Western Australia     

M. M. Habteselassie  C. I. Mathison  R. J. Gilkes 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):555-566

Shephards Discordant Zone is a 500–600 m thick interlayered sequence of deformed, altered and metamorphosed magnetite metagabbro and about 50 layers or lenses of magnetitite (> 80–90% magnetite). The sequence shows progressive magmatic fractionation upwards: Ti and Ti/Fe increase, and V, V/Ti and Cr decrease upwards in magnetite and in whole‐rock compositions. The main magnetite‐rich sequence (about 400 m thick) is deeply weathered, with 40 m of saprolite showing vertical zonation of weathering minerals due to progressive weathering. Magnetitites (average 1% V₂O₃) are resistant to weathering and show little chemical change, but magnetite gabbros (average 0.27% V₂O₃) are extensively weathered and show progressive loss of Ca, Na, Mg and S. Plagioclase, magnetite (1.37% V₂O₃), chlorite (up to 0.35% V₂O₃), actinolite, epidote and minor sulfides in unweathered rocks weather to kaolinite, hematite, goethite and minor vermiculite, ilmenite remaining largely unaffected. Vanadium is essentially immobile during weathering and is unaffected during weathering of magnetitites (1% V₂O₃), but is slightly depleted during weathering of magnetite gabbros (0.23% V₂O₃).  相似文献   

Petrogenetic modelling of strongly residual metapelitic xenoliths within the southern Platreef,Bushveld Complex,South Africa     

T. E. JOHNSON  M. BROWN  R. W. WHITE 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2010,28(3):269-291

Xenoliths of quartz‐absent Fe‐rich aluminous metapelite are common within the platinum group element‐rich mafic/ultramafic magmatic rocks of the Platreef. Relative to well‐characterized protoliths, the xenoliths are strongly depleted in K₂O and H₂O, and have lost a substantial amount of melt (>50 vol.%). Mineral equilibria calculations in the NCKFMASHTO system yield results that are consistent with observations in natural samples. Lower‐grade rocks that lack staurolite constrain peak pressures to ～2.5 kbar in the southern Platreef. Smaller xenoliths and the margins of larger xenoliths comprise micro‐diatexite rich in coarse acicular corundum and spinel, which record evidence for the metastable persistence of lower‐grade hydrous phases and rapid melting consequent on a temperature overstep of several hundred degrees following their incorporation in the mafic/ultramafic magmas. In the cores of larger xenoliths, temperatures increased more slowly enabling progressive metamorphism by continuous prograde equilibration and the loss of H₂O by subsolidus dehydration; the H₂O migrated to xenolith margins where it may have promoted increased melting. According to variations in the original compositional layering, layers became aluminosilicate‐ and/or cordierite‐rich, commonly with spinel but only rarely with corundum. The differing mineralogical and microstructural evolution of the xenoliths depends on heating rates (governed by their size and, therefore, proximity to the Platreef magmas) and the pre‐intrusive metamorphic grade of the protoliths. The presence or absence of certain phases, particularly corundum, is strongly influenced by the degree of metastable retention of lower‐grade hydrates in otherwise identical protolith bulk compositions. The preservation of fine‐scale compositional layering that is inferred to be relict bedding in xenolith cores implies that melt loss by compaction was extremely efficient.  相似文献   

浅谈阿舍勒黄铁矿型多金属矿的垂直分带   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈文鳌  赵云长  吴长江 《新疆地质》1989,(1)

阿舍勒黄铁型多金属矿床位于阿尔泰地槽褶皱系的中泥盆统安山质—英安质火山—沉积岩中.矿体充填在火山管道内或火山口近侧,主矿体隐伏地下.矿化元素有铁、铜、铅、锌、金、银、硫、钡等,伴生有锗、镓、铟、硒、镉、铋等.矿体上部形态复杂并有分枝,向深部连成一体,是一个向北东侧伏的筒状体.矿体自上而下具垂宜分带,依次为:重晶石—硅化带;黄铁矿—多金属带;黄铁矿—铜、锌带等…  相似文献   

位场DFT算法研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

柴玉璞 《地球物理学报》1988,31(2):211-224

本文推广了经典的抽样定理,并据此导出了函数有限离散傅里叶变换误差方程（简称DFT误差方程,下同）。该方程把有限离散傅里叶变换中固有的离散效应和有限效应表示为确切的数学形式。离散效应被表示为一个含整参变量（参变量取0,1,…,N-1）的复无穷级数;有限效应被表示为一个含整参变量（参变量取0,1,…,N-1）的复无穷级数的DFT。 基于DFT误差方程和位函数特点,作者提出了两种位场数值傅里叶变换新算法--移样法和等效源续尾叠样法。移样法可近百倍地提高位场数值傅里叶反变换的精度,等效源续尾叠样法可数十倍地提高正变换精度。两种算法都不需要增加资料长度和取样密度,因而基本不需要增加计算机时间和内存。文中给出了算例。  相似文献   

豫西东秦岭造山带核部杂岩中钙质变质岩的变质作用演化   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈能松  张兴辽 《岩石学报》1993,9(3):240-254

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吉林临江地区早元古代老岭群叠加变形作用研究     

胡国巍 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1994,(1)

早元古代老岭群经历了三期构造变形，分别形成了三个特征各异的构造形迹组合。Ⅰ世代为层理榴皱组合，由斜卧诏皱、轴面片理和韧性剪切变形带组成；Ⅱ和Ⅲ世代为片理相皱组合，分别由各种位态的片理诏皱和轴面招劈理、膝折面理组合。Ⅰ、Ⅱ世代的原始构造线方位均为近南北向，为近共轴叠加，但固Ⅲ世代构造的改造，现今多变位为北东东向。Ⅰ世代构造形迹组合的特征显示老岭群的早期构造环境具有构造层次较深、以近水平韧性剪切变形作用为主导的特点。  相似文献