数据库中若干问题的探讨     

王海燕 《地球科学与环境学报》1998,20(1):92

在使用ＦｏｘＢＡＳＥ＋或ＦｏｘＰｒｏ数据库中,发现了三个问题：即用ＩＮＤＥＸ命令只能建立按关键字表达式值的升序排列的索引文件,不能按降序建立索引文件;用ＴＯＴＡＬ命令只能按单关键字段进行分类汇总,不能按多关键字段进行分类汇总;数据库中的数组最高只能是二维的,不能实现三维数组的功能。针对这三个问题,提出了相应的解决办法。  相似文献   

脆弱生态环境定量评价方法的研究   总被引：132，自引：4，他引：128  

赵跃龙 《地理科学》1998,18(1):73-79

建立了一套系统、完整、客观、灵活且具较强可操作性的脆弱生态环境定量评价指标体系及方法,并通过用此法评价全国２６个省、区生态环境脆弱度的方式,对其可操作性和准确性进行了验证。  相似文献   

一种利用贝叶斯最小判别准则估计未来地震危险的新方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

金学申  邵辉成 《中国地震》1998,14(3):88-93

提出了一种基于最大似然和贝叶斯最小判别准则的新预测方法,它的长处在于对样本数无特殊要求,所以,对低地震活动地区,此模型也能得到与时间有关的稳定的未来强震危险估计。最后,以华北地区为例,说明了本方法的可行性。  相似文献   

Shallow landslides in deeply weathered slates of the Sierra de Collcerola (Catalonian Coastal Range, Spain)     

Domenico Calcaterra  Jos A. Gili  Roberto Iovinelli 《Engineering Geology》1998,50(3-4):283-298

Stability conditions in an area located NW of Barcelona (Spain) are discussed. Here, several mass movements were observed, mainly affecting weathered Paleozoic slates. Many of these failures involved slopes cut along recent infrastructures: debris flows, wedge and plane failures, generally surficial, occurred more frequently. After a detailed geological and geomorphologic survey, geomechanic characterization was carried out, according to RMR and SMR classifications. This rating gave a prediction of slope behaviour, in fairly good agreement with the real observed one.

Stability numerical analysis was carried out for the main cut slopes, based upon the Limit Equilibrium Method. First of all, the deterministic factor of safety was computed using the mean values of parameters. After that, a simulation technique based upon the Monte Carlo Method was applied in order to obtain factor of safety distributions. The probability of failure was estimated as P(F<1).

Finally, results from deterministic and probabilistic approaches were compared. The effectiveness of different possible remedial measures was highlighted by means of a sensitivity analysis, which showed that the more important parameters in the study area are the geometrical ones (height, slope and failure plane angles). The final technical solutions adopted are briefly outlined.  相似文献   

逆斜率法及其讨论     

吴耀华 《上海国土资源》1998,(1):29-34,45

经对上海地区51根试桩资料分析表明,同实测值比较,计算值误差一般不超过30％,误差与未次加载的ΔSn/ΔPn比值似有一定的相关性,当比值大于2,误差一般不超过20％,同时对没有达到终至加载条件的试桩也可采用此法估算。  相似文献   

位移时空综合分析法及其在边坡工程中的应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

尚彦军  唐纯华 《工程地质学报》1998,6(3):238-243

以往对监测位移数据分析方法主要是位移-时间关系分析。但监测数据包含了大量对工程设计和施工都很有用的信息,其中不乏位移-空间方面的信息;另一方面,从工程设计和施工角度看,除需要位移-时间信息外,还需要位移-空间信息。位移时空综合分析法的提出旨在综合位移-时间和位移-空间等两方面的信息,为工程设计和施工服务。该方法依表现形式不同又分为竖线法和曲面法两种。本文将通过五强溪船闸边坡工程实例,来进一步说明位移时空综合分析法的原理及其应用。  相似文献   

甘肃省河东地区伏旱的小波分析   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

张存杰董安祥  白虎志张焕儒 《应用气象学报》1998,9(3):291-297

该文阐述了小波变换的基本思路和优点,并对甘肃省河东地区1951～1995年伏期干旱强度指数分别用墨西哥帽型小波和Haar型小波进行了分析。结果表明:甘肃省河东地区的伏旱由不同尺度的振荡构成,中部地区的伏旱准19年的振荡周期较明显,有2个上升和2个下降阶段;陇东和陇南地区准22年和准10年的振荡周期较明显,有1个上升和2个下降阶段。对原时间序列进行了不同尺度的重构,说明小波分析可以用于滤波。  相似文献   

Using regional regression within index flood procedures and an empirical Bayesian estimator     

Heinz D. Fill  Jery R. Stedinger 《Journal of Hydrology》1998,210(1-4):128-145

Studies have illustrated the performance of at-site and regional flood quantile estimators. For realistic generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions and short records, a simple index-flood quantile estimator performs better than two-parameter (2P) GEV quantile estimators with probability weighted moment (PWM) estimation using a regional shape parameter and at-site mean and L-coefficient of variation (L-CV), and full three-parameter at-site GEV/PWM quantile estimators. However, as regional heterogeneity or record lengths increase, the 2P-estimator quickly dominates. This paper generalizes the index flood procedure by employing regression with physiographic information to refine a normalized T-year flood estimator. A linear empirical Bayes estimator uses the normalized quantile regression estimator to define a prior distribution which is employed with the normalized 2P-quantile estimator. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that this empirical Bayes estimator does essentially as well as or better than the simpler normalized quantile regression estimator at sites with short records, and performs as well as or better than the 2P-estimator at sites with longer records or smaller L-CV.  相似文献   

一种以能量平衡为基础的干旱指数   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

唐登银 《地理研究》1987,6(2):21-31

本文以能量平衡公式为基础,根据实际蒸发与潜在蒸发的关系依赖于土壤水分含量的事实,导出一种表达干湿状况的指标——土壤水分干旱指数。  相似文献   

The generation and redistribution of overland flow on a massive oxic soil in a eucalypt woodland within the semi-arid tropics of North Australia     

Mike Bonell  John Williams 《水文研究》1986,1(1):31-46

There is a dearth of knowledge on the runoff processes of eucalypt woodland communities in the semi-arid tropics of Australia. The work was undertaken on a 100 m transect of a 0·8 degree hillslope typical of the ‘smooth plainlands’ of central-north Queensland. This paper introduces a new experimental design for measuring overland flow in such areas by way of a cascade system of unbounded runoff plots which allow the inputs and outputs between troughs to be calculated. Most storms generate overland flow. Time to overland flow ranges between 1 and 18 min where rain intensities are above 10mm hr⁻¹ and when the average detention storage of 3·6 mm is exceeded. The bare soil surfaces within the scattered grass understory control the runoff generation process through the temporal variability of field saturated hydraulic conductivity. The study demonstrated that overland flow is mainly redistributed over the freely-draining oxic soil. Some areas export more overland flow than they gain from upslope (runoff), others gain more overland flow than they export (runon). Over the study period only 2 per cent of total rain is transferred out of this 100 m transect as overland flow due to the short duration of storms, the relatively high soil permeability, and the low slope angle. The remainder adds to the large soil water store or deep drainage. The variability of runoff–runon over these ‘smooth plainlands’ highlights how results from bounded plots would be misleading in such areas.  相似文献