曲线顶管技术及顶进力分析计算     

马保松  张雅春 《岩土工程技术》2006,20(5):229-232,259

曲线顶管施工技术以其特有的优势和应用领域,越来越受到重视。总结了国际上常用的曲线顶管施工技术,分别以SS MOLE和Ultimate Method两种具有代表性的工法为例介绍了曲线顶管技术的地层适应性、适用管道直径、应用领域和所能达到的最小曲率半径。对曲线顶管施工中顶进力计算这一重点和难点,给出了曲线顶管顶推力计算公式,并举例说明了曲线段顶推力计算公式的实际应用。  相似文献   

复合混沌系统的矢量数据加密研究     

张翰林  王青山  邹永初 《测绘科学》2012,37(5):87-89

根据矢量数据的特点和混沌映射系统的加密方法,本文提出了一种基于Logistic映射和Chebyshev映射的复合混沌系统。它通过使用迭代状态的周期替换,并输出整数化的混沌映射序列,有效地避免计算机有限精度产生的累计误差。该算法有较强的随机性、抗穷举攻击能力、抵御已知明文攻击能力和较好的时间代价。经过安全性分析,本算法可以较好地用于矢量数据的加密。  相似文献   

Measuring Urban Sustainability: the potential and pitfalls of city rankings     

Phil McManus 《The Australian geographer》2012,43(4):411-424

Measuring the sustainability of a city, and ranking the city against other cities, is increasingly seen as a way to achieve urban sustainability. A number of studies have highlighted how Sydney is unsustainable, with two recent ranking exercises appearing to confirm these findings by placing Sydney below many other Australian cities for urban sustainability. These two exercises are situated within international moves towards ranking cities. The article explores the assumptions and criteria used by Mercer in its Eco-City Index and the Australian Conservation Foundation in its Sustainable Cities Index. The conclusion discusses how Sydney could become more sustainable, and identifies why normative urban sustainability rankings should be recognised for their potential while simultaneously being treated with caution.  相似文献   

锂离子电池硅基负极材料研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

张利 《盐湖研究》2012,20(1):64-72

硅是青海省储量丰富的资源之一,因其储锂容量高、安全性能优越,而成为锂离子电池理想的负极材料,但由于硅在深度嵌脱锂时体积效应大,易与导电介质、集流体失去电接触,造成电极循环性能迅速下降。对抑制其体积效应、增加其电导率的"低维化"和"复合化"两种技术进行了介绍。  相似文献   

A geographic perspective on intra-urban racial/ethnic diversity, segregation, and clustering in Knoxville, Tennessee: 1990-2000     

Madhuri Sharma 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):310-323

Racial/ethnic diversity in the United States has increased significantly in recent decades, with minority groups now accounting for almost one-third of the total population. At the same time, growing diversity has spread into rural and non-metropolitan areas. Research suggests that changing diversity in the ‘New South’ has seen growth of non-Black communities. The question, however, is the degree to which increasing diversity equates with increasing intermixing or, alternatively, whether racial/ethnic clusters retain their prominence. This paper examines the geographic manifestations of growing racial/ethnic diversity within intra-urban context, using census-tracts as scale of analysis in the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) of Knoxville in Tennessee. The statistics used for analyzing intra-urban variations include Diversity Score, Theil Entropy Index, and Location Quotient. Tract and Block-group data for White, Black, American Indian, Asian, All Others and Hispanic are used for computing these indices. This paper concludes that diversity has increased during 1990-2000, and has dispersed into suburban counties. However, segregation and clustering for certain minority groups has also increased, in particular African-Americans still remain the most segregated and most clustered community confined to specific geographic locations. This research holds significance as local economic development patterns are very much guided by the geographic variability of human and social capital. Applied research can suggest avenues for growth and can help rebuild local communities. This paper will also contribute to literature focusing on methodological challenges in measuring diversity and its geographic manifestations.  相似文献   

Knowledge gathering and communication on biodiversity: Developing the Norwegian Nature Index     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(5):300-308

The authors reflect on knowledge-generating and communication processes involved in the recently developed Norwegian Nature Index, particularly the communication process among experts involved in providing the required biodiversity knowledge. Eliciting a comprehensive overview of biodiversity is a complex process involving choices of approaches and methods in order to reach a common understanding of uncertainties and values as a basis for quantification. Part of the complexity is the establishment of dialogue between experts from research institutions with different research traditions and approaches. The authors discuss how the index was developed through communication processes, challenging involved experts to provide not only biodiversity data for the current situation, but also forecasts of future trends, assessments of uncertainty, and evaluations of the urgency of biodiversity loss and possibility of implementing policy and management measures. The Nature Index framework has potential for informing the biodiversity policy debate by involving stakeholders beyond the science-policy community and enhancing deliberations about biodiversity policy in a wider context of sustainable development. As a policy tool, the Nature Index may develop through a process of practical application, which in turn may have an impact on the selection of narratives, definition of management targets, and technical concepts such as reference states.  相似文献   

基于随机重排去趋势波动分析的极端高温事件研究及其综合指标的建立     

侯威  章大全  钱忠华  封国林 《高原气象》2012,31(2):329-341

基于中国气象局公布的1961-2006年中国165个国际交换站无缺测的逐日平均气温资料,利用随机重排去趋势波动分析(S-DFA)方法,计算并分析了中国极端高温事件阈值的空间分布特征,并对S-DFA方法在实际资料中的应用进行了检验。从可预报性的角度给出了极端高温事件强度综合指标的定义。该综合指标将极端高温事件的发生频次和强度综合起来,兼顾不同地区各自特有的区域气候背景,进一步说明综合指标定义的合理性。基于极端高温事件综合指标的空间分布规律,将1961-2006年间中国极端高温事件分为4个不同等级的地区。极端高温事件综合指标在20世纪90年代初期之前一直保持平稳的波动变化,之后则一直处于上升之中,尤其是在90年代中后期开始迅速上升。  相似文献   

江苏省连阴雨过程时空分布特征分析     

项瑛  程婷  王可法  李进喜  唐红昇 《气象科学》2012,32(S1):36-39

通过综合各地连阴雨指标因子, 确定了江苏省连阴雨过程的标准, 根据指标体系, 对其时空分布特征进行了分析, 得出江苏省年均连阴雨次数为12.3次, 连阴雨的空间分布存在着明显的北少南多的特征, 可见沿江苏南地区为连阴雨的频发地区。其中从对农作物危害程度来看, 主要是春季连阴雨(3—5月)和秋季连阴雨(9—11月)影响较大, 这两个时段连阴雨过程发生次数较多, 分别为年均3.1和2.7次, 其中春季3月和秋季9月的连阴雨出现次数最多。为了进一步定量评估连阴雨的强度, 我们设计了连阴雨强度指数模型, 对强度指数M_LYY进行了分级, 实施了对连阴雨强度的进一步把握, 更好地为决策部门提供了服务。  相似文献   

纬向平均的风向改变指数与季节转换     

朱敏  张铭  徐建霞 《热带气象学报》2010,26(1):86-92

通过定义一个能客观定量描述大气环流四维时空变化的风向改变指数WI,用以研究大气环流的时空演变规律和季节转换。在对纬向平均的WI做了经验正交函数(EOF)分析后,得到了其前四个模态。第一模态揭示的是全年平均的WI空间分布的基态。第二模态反映的是WI场的偏差中呈现准调和变化的部分,热带、副热带、温寒带季风区在该模态中均有明显体现。第三模态反映的是WI场的偏差中呈现非调和变化的部分,该部分揭示了因南北半球海陆分布的差异和因大气、海洋流体的非线性效应,其所造成的从春到秋与从秋到春的季节变化的不对称性以及平流层的二月突变现象。第四模态反映的是全球各层盛行风反向区域从春到夏的北进和从夏到秋南撤的现象。  相似文献   

陕西果业基地伏旱指数及其预报方法     

刘璐  栗珂  柴芊 《气象科学》2010,30(3):382-386

选取陕西苹果(梨)生产基地县中生态环境、气候特点与苹果(梨)产业发展水平具有代表性的10个台站,近40 a(1969—2008年)伏期降水量和无降水日数资料,设计并计算其伏旱指数。将伏旱指数分成强、偏强、中等、偏弱和弱五个等级,并用典型k阶自回归AR(k)预测模式进行独立样本预测试验。结果表明:伏旱指数能够较客观地反映基地县的伏旱强度,且伏旱指数的时空分布特征差异较大。这与这些基地县所处纬度、海拔高度、生态环境和气候背景的差异有关。典型k阶自回归预测模式预测准确及基本准确率在70%左右,预报效果尚好,具有实用价值。  相似文献