Electrochemical behavior of Al—basic sacrificial anode at estuary     

Zhang Jing-lei  Hou Bao-rong  Li Hong-ling  Yang Fang-ying  Xie Xiao-bo 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1996,14(3):272-275

The Al—basic sacrificial anode is widely used to protect steel construction from corrosion in seawater, but is not suitable for protecting steel in freshwater. In the estuary area, seawater and freshwater mix and different seawater salinity can be formed in different mixing sites between freshwater and seawater. Based on the requirements of the Shengli Petroleum Administrative Bureau of China, the effect of seawater salinity on electrochemical properties of Al—basic anode was studied under laboratory conditions by the method given in National Standard GB 4948-85 (China Starndard Bureau, 1985). No obvious effect was found when seawater salinity was 30 to 10, but obvious effect on anodic open circuit potential, closed circuit potential and current efficiency was found when seawater salinity was 5. These values are lower than those given in the National Standard. Contribution No. 2681 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This study is a major project (Ky85-11-5) and a key project (A14920416) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and also received support from the Shengli Oil Field.  相似文献   

部分元素地球化学性状的地质意义和指示作用     

刘明全  刘炳璋 《四川地质学报》2013,(4):491-494

元素的地球化学性状,对成岩成矿作用具有极其重要意义和找矿指示作用。本文根据惯用的以变价元素Fe为标准,拟定成矿地球化学氧化还原环境及其应用;利用元素近似电离能确定成矿介质的酸碱度变化趁势;采用原生晕元素轴向分带序列了解矿床剥蚀程度,进行深部预测与评价。以会理岔河锡矿为例进行分析。以野外可操作性指示成矿作用和找矿勘探工作。  相似文献   

Experimental Insights into the Interior Processes and Chemical Compositions of the Deep Earth     

FEI Yingwei 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):238-238

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La compression pré-campano-maastrichtienne dans le Mésozoïque des Andes de Bolivie : l’exemple de Tica Tica (20°01’lat. S et 66°17’ long. W)     

C. Martinez  G. Laubacher 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(4):261-278

Résumén

Dans la Cordillère Orientale des Andes de Bolivie, le Mésozoïque est eonservé le plus souvent dans des synclinaux discontinus, fréquemment chevauchés par des écailles de Paléozoïqne. Les sédiments mésozoïques, marins et continentaux de plateforme d’arrière-arc, ont jusqu’à présent été considérés comme déposés en régime extensif. Ils recouvrent en discordance le Paléozoïque plissé et l’aillé à l’Hercynien et, postérieurement, profondément érodé avant la sédimentation mésozoïque. Des paléofailles majeures N-S, NW-SE et NE-SW, héritées de structurations antérieures, ont influencé l’évolution géodynamique du bassin mésozoïque depuis la lin du Jurassique.

Dans la partie méridionale de la Cordillère Orientale, la région de Tica Tica présente de nombreux indices de serrage synsédimentaire depuis le début des dépôts mésozoïques jusqu’à la discordance campano-maastriehtienne (phase « péruvienne »). Le domaine de la Cordillère Orientale, avant-pays du bassin d’arrière-arc chiléno-péruvien, peut être ainsi interprété comme un secteur en compression sur lequel les transgressions successives, au Cénomanien, au Turonien et au Campano-Maastrichtien. soulignent divers instants d’un processus pratiquement continu de déformation.

Pendant le Tertiaire, les chevauchements andins réactivent les accidents majeurs préexistants : ils en inversent le mouvement, ou les déforment, ou bien les utilisent comme zones de coulissage. Ainsi, contrairement à ce qui a pu être proposé, le raccourcissement de la chaîne des Andes boliviennes, initié à la fin du Jurassique et faisant intervenir des fractures profondes, implique une participation, non seulement de la totalité de la pile séilimeutaire, mais très vraisemblablement aussi de son substratum précambrien comme c’est le cas dans le Nord-Ouest argentin.  相似文献   

De la distribution des diaclases dans des flexures à la chronologie tectonique : exemples dans le Plateau du Colorado (Utah-Arizona-Nouveau Mexique,U.S.A.)     

Catherine Bouroz  Jacques Angelier  Françoise Bergerat 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(4):305-318

Résumé

L’établissement de la chronologie relative de systèmes de diaclases ou joints est difficile à établir, surtout si les conditions d’observation ne permettent pas d’analyser de très nombreux recoupements de joints. On peut toutefois situer dans le temps, grâce à une étude principalement géométrique, la formation de familles de joints affectant des structures flexurées d’âge connu.

Les flexures monoclinales, d’âge laramien, sont les structures les plus caractéristiques du Plateau du Colorado. Les multiples systèmes de joints qui les affectent ont pour orientations : N000° à N020°, NO40°, N080°-N090°, Ν110^ο-Ν120°. N140°-N150° et Ν170°. L’étude des relations géométriques entre ces joints et les flexures, complétée par des analyses qualitatives d’intersection des joints et de rugosité de surface, permettent la classification suivante : 1) des joints anté-laramiens N080°-N090° puis N000° et Ν150°, 2) des joints N110° et N020° à N040 contemporains de la compression laramienne, 3) des joints post-laramiens Ν170° dus aux mécanismes extensifs Basin & Range.

A partir de cette étude, plusieurs idées plus générales sur la structuration des zones peu déformées sont proposées. La chronologie de la facturation ainsi définie peut également être appliquée aux zones tabulaires du Plateau du Colorado.  相似文献   

常压环境下铅笔芯的质谱放电行为研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

周亚飞  李操  肖赛金  陈焕文  张兴磊 《岩矿测试》2013,32(3):409-414

铅笔芯内所含石墨和黏土的混合比例如果不符合国家标准,将不利于计算机读卡设备正确识读和非专业人士鉴定.本文采用常压质谱法对不同黑度(石墨含量)、硬度的铅笔芯进行分析,为实现铅笔品质的快速鉴别提供了一种有效的技术手段.该方法直接将铅笔芯作为电离装置,在高电压作用下以空气(相对湿度40％)为介质,铅笔芯产生电晕放电,其放电行为能够对质谱信号产生直接影响.实验优化了工作条件,分析了6种型号铅笔芯(4B、3B、2B、HB、H和2H)中石墨含量与其质谱信号之间的关系,并结合主成分分析(PCA)对不同型号铅笔芯进行区分.结果表明,不同型号铅笔芯的放电行为对质谱信号产生较大影响,质谱信号随铅笔芯中石墨含量的增多而增强;6种型号铅笔芯区分正确率高达99％以上.此方法操作简单且可重复性强,可用于市场上不同品质铅笔芯的快速鉴定.  相似文献   

Surface behaviors correlate with prey abundance and vessels in an endangered killer whale (Orcinus orca) population     

Christine M. Bubac  Amy C. Johnson  Robert Otis 《Marine Ecology》2021,42(1):e12626

Southern Resident killer whales (SRKWs) (Orcinus orca) are an endangered population in the United States and Canada, partly due to declines of their primary prey species, Chinook salmon. Prey availability influences various aspects of SRKW behavior, including distribution patterns and social structure. Yet, it is unclear to what extent a limited prey source influences the frequency of surface‐active behaviors (SABs), behaviors with important ecological implications. Here, we used long‐term datasets (1996–2019) to examine the relationships between the abundance of Chinook salmon, vessel presence, and the frequency with which SRKWs perform SABs. Salmon abundance was a significant predictor of SAB frequency, with fewer SABs performed in times of lower salmon abundance. SRKWs displayed more SABs when more whale watching vessels were present, and the whales spent a greater amount of time in the study area, performing more milling as opposed to traveling behavior, when vessel numbers were higher. Lastly, we found pod‐specific differences, such that K pod displayed significantly fewer SABs than either J or L pods. The observed relationships between SRKW behavior and both salmon abundance and vessel presence have implications for social network cohesion and foraging success. Our study adds to a growing body of literature highlighting factors affecting SRKW behavior as they experience increased threats from decreased prey availability, habitat loss, and anthropogenic disturbance, with implications for trans‐boundary management and conservation efforts.  相似文献   

Design method and behavior factor for steel frames with buckling restrained braces     

Melina Bosco  Edoardo M. Marino 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(8):1243-1263

Buckling restrained braces (BRBs) are very effective in dissipating energy through stable tension–compression hysteretic cycles and have been successfully experimented in the seismic protection of buildings. Their behavior has been studied extensively in the last decades and today the level of performance guaranteed by these devices and the technological constrains that have to be fulfilled to optimize their behavior are well known. Furthermore, several companies in the world have developed their own BRBs and are now producing them. In spite of this, many seismic codes (for instance, the EuroCode 8) do not stipulate provisions for the design and construction of earthquake‐resistant structures equipped with BRBs. This discourages the structural engineering community from using these devices and seriously limits their use in structural applications. In this paper a procedure for the seismic design of steel frames equipped with BRBs is proposed. Furthermore, the paper presents a numerical investigation aimed at validating this design procedure and proposing the value of the behavior factor q that should be used for this structural type. To this end, a set of frames with BRBs is first designed by means of several values of q. Then, the obtained frames are subjected to a set of accelerograms compatible with the elastic response spectrum considered in design. The seismic response of the frames is determined by nonlinear dynamic analysis and represented in terms of the ductility demand of BRBs and the internal force demand of nondissipative members (beams and columns). Finally, the largest value of q that leads to acceptable seismic performance of the analyzed frames is assumed as adequate. The value of q is given in the paper as a continuous function of the assumed ductility capacity of the BRBs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Bidirectional loading hybrid tests of square cross‐sections of steel bridge piers     

Ji Dang  Tetsuhiko Aoki 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(8):1111-1130

Steel rectangular section columns with stiffened plates are commonly used for elevated highway bridges in the urban areas of Japan. The seismic design of bridge piers is usually performed by dynamic analysis in the horizontal direction using various independent directional seismic acceleration data. However, this simple treatment does not reflect the effect of bilateral loading as a structural response to inelastic interaction. In this study, unidirectional and bidirectional loading hybrid tests were conducted to examine the seismic response and performance of square cross‐sections of steel bridge piers subjected to bidirectional seismic accelerations. Comparison of the results of unidirectional and bidirectional loading tests revealed that the maximum load is the same as the average of unidirectional loading in the NS and EW directions; however, the maximum response displacement and residual displacement increase in proportion with hard to soft ground types. Moreover, a modified seismic design is proposed considering these bidirectional loading effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于空间行为的面向对象空间数据模型     

王珂  陈彬彬  吴桂平 《测绘科学》2013,38(2):191-193

本文根据面向对象空间数据模型的相关概念和特点,将地理空间中的空间行为进行建模后纳入面向对象空间数据模型的框架中。面向对象空间数据模型由数据模型和空间行为模型两个部分组成:数据模型包括空间特征数据和属性特征数据;同时将空间行为模型分为两大类,即静态空间行为模型(地理目标间关系)和动态行为模型(地理目标行为)两部分。在此框架提出的基础上,本文利用二进制、XML流等格式文件对该空间数据模型进行了整合和组织。  相似文献