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211.
GIS在西部生态环境建设中的应用初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
GIS与西部生态环境建设的有机结合将是一项长期的、复杂的系统工程。笔者在严格论证了该项目实施的可行性之后,在可持续发展理论的指导下,运用空间分析方法,提出了项目实施的方案。在该方案中,对生态环境信息数据进行了分类,详述了空间数据文件存贮结构,查询管理子系统的开发,最后得出生态环境地理信息系统的总体结构,并简述了其功能。 相似文献
212.
213.
Possible refugia for reefs in times of environmental stress 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper investigates the refuge potential of (1) upwelling areas, (2) coral areas at medium depth, and (3) offshore bank and island reefs in a scenario of increased global warming, and thus increased sea surface temperature (SST) and increased solar UV radiation. (1) Observations on coral health and water temperature in the subtropical Atlantic (Eleuthera and Cat Island, Bahamas) and Indian Ocean (Sodwana Bay, South Africa) suggest a link between cool water delivered by upwelling and coral health. After the 1998 bleaching event, caused by strong SST anomalies, coral health and recovery from the previous year's bleaching was significantly better on the narrow southern Cat Island shelf (70% of corals healthy) where the presence of cold water was observed, which was attributed to small-scale upwelling, than on the wide northern Eleuthera shelf (44% of corals healthy), where downwelling of hot bank waters was believed to have damaged corals. In South Africa, regular, short-term upwelling events in five summers reduced SST to well below bleaching level. (2) In the northern Red Sea (Safaga Bay) and in South Africa (Sodwana Bay), wide areas with either coral frameworks or non-framework communities exist. Calculations show that if the top 10 m (20 m) of the ocean became inhospitable to corals, still 50.4% (17.5%) of the coral area would remain intact in the Red Sea and 99% (40%) in South Africa. (3) Offshore bank and island reefs investigated in the Turks, Caicos, and Mouchoir Banks and Grand and Little Cayman showed high rates of mortality and coral diseases. The most remote sites (Mouchoir Bank) were not the healthiest. Refuge areas appear to exist in (1) and (2), but in (3) only if vigorous water-circulation is encountered. 相似文献
214.
Adsorption of Copper, Nickel, and Cadmium on Goethite in the Presence of Organic Ligands 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Adsorption of copper, cadmium and nickel at low concentrations on goethite was studied in the presence of the simple organic
ligands oxalate, salicylate, and pyromellitate. The experimental metal adsorption behavior was compared to calculations with
a surface complexation model to evaluate the most important interactions. Oxalate mostly decreased Cu and Ni adsorption at
high pH-values by competition between solution and surface complexation but had no effect on Cd adsorption. Cu adsorption
in the presence of oxalate below pH 6 could best be described by defining a ternary complex of type A (surface-metal-ligand).
Salicylate had only minor effects on metal adsorption. The adsorption of Cu in the presence of salicylate above pH 5 could
be explained by a ternary complex of type A. Pyromellitate increased the adsorption of Cu and Cd in the acidic pH-range, likely
by formation of ternary surface complexes of type B (surface-ligand-metal). 相似文献
215.
YanHanjie YanHong LiYunping ZhangXiaofeng 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2003,14(3):227-233
As gravity field,magnetic field,electric field and seismic wave field are all physical fields,their object function,reverse function and compound function are certainly infinite contiuously differentiable func-tions which can be expanded into Taylor (Fourier) series within domain of definition and be further reduced in-to solving stochastic distribution function of series and statistic inference of optimal approximation,This is the basis of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion built on the basis of separation of field and source gravity-magnetic difference-value(D-value)trend surface,taking distribution-independent fault sys-tem as its unit,depths of seismic and electric interfaces of interests as its corresponding bivariate compound re-verse function of gravity-magnetic anomalies and using high order polynomial(high order trigonometric func-tion)approximating to its series distribution,The difference from current dominant inversion techniques is that,first,it does not respectively create gravity-seismic,magnetic-seismic deterministic inversion model from theoretical model,but combines gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic stochastic inversion model from stochastic model;second,after the concept of equivalent geological body being introduced,using feature of independent variable of gravity-magnetic field functions,taking density and susceptibility related to gravity-magnetic func-tion as default parameters of model,the deterministic model is established owing to better solution to the con-tradictioc of difficulty in identifying strata and less test analytical data for density and susceptibility in newly explored area;third,under assumption of independent parent distribution,a real modeling by strata,the prob-lem of difficult plane closure arising in profile modeling is avoided,This technology has richer and more detailed fault and strata information than sparse pattern seismic data in newly explored area,successfully inverses and plots structural map of Indosinian discontinuty in Hefei basin with combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion,With development of high precision gravity-magnetic and overall geophysical technology,it is certain for introducing new methods of stochastic modeling and computational intelligence and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial path. 相似文献
216.
217.
对空间决策支持系统和计算机系统协同工作环境进行系统分析和总结,概括了较为完整的协同空间决策概念,提出了协同空间决策的空间问题协同分析、方案生成与可视化、方案分析、方案表决等基本过程。在此基础上,作者详细分析了协同空间决策的复杂性、交互可视化、多用户参与、方案探索性分析、多层次协同等基本特征。 相似文献
218.
219.
荒漠戈壁下垫面表面动量和感热湍流通量参数化研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
用合理筛选以后的野外观测资料,研究了荒漠戈壁地表湍流通量参数化的问题。首先,分析了Monin-obukhov相似函数的特征,并拟台出了其经验公式。结果表明,风速和温度相似性函数随稳定度参数的变化曲线与典型经验曲线差异较小,并且在经验曲线分布范围以内,但中性时的值有所不同。同时,还用该资料给出了动量和标量粗糙度(感热粗糙度)长度的平均值及其标量粗糙度随摩擦速度的变化关系。发现标量粗糙度的平均值大约比动量粗糙度的小一个量级,并且随摩擦速度的增大而减小,但明显比其理论预测值要大。 相似文献
220.
1998年夏季青藏高原及其邻近地区地面总热源季节变化特征及其与西太平洋副热带地区对流的关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用98’TIPEX实验资料、1998年5-8月青藏高原6个自动热量平衡站(AWS)资料、青藏高原常规观测资料、中国300多个站的逐日降水资料、国家卫星中心接收的1998年5-8月OLR和日本GMS的TBB资料,研究了1998年5-8月青藏高原及其邻近地区逐日地面总热源的季节变化特征及其与西太平洋副热带地区对流的关系。结果表明:高原地面总热源与高原雨季开始有密切关系,高原雨季开始以后,高原平均的地面总热源明显减小;高原平均的地面总热源与20—30°N附近的西太平洋副热带地区的TBB有很好的负相关关系,表明高原地面总热源可以通过某种机制影响副热带地区的对流。 相似文献