Architecture interne d'une vallée incisée sur une côte à forte énergie de houle et de marée (vallée de la Leyre,côte aquitaine,France)     

Hugues Féniès  Gilles Lericolais 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(14):1257-1266

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Communicating uncertainty: lessons learned and suggestions for climate change assessment     

Anthony Patt  Suraje Dessai 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(4):425-441

Assessments of climate change face the task of making information about uncertainty accessible and useful to decision-makers. The literature in behavior economics provides many examples of how people make decisions under conditions of uncertainty relying on inappropriate heuristics, leading to inconsistent and counterproductive choices. Modern risk communication practices recommend a number of methods to overcome these hurdles, which have been recommended for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment reports. This paper evaluates the success of the most recent IPCC approach to uncertainty communication, based on a controlled survey of climate change experts. Evaluating the results from the survey, and from a similar survey recently conducted among university students, the paper suggests that the most recent IPCC approach leaves open the possibility for biased and inconsistent responses to the information. The paper concludes by suggesting ways to improve the approach for future IPCC assessment reports. To cite this article: A. Patt, S. Dessai, C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).  相似文献   

Where and why do large shallow intraslab earthquakes occur?     

Tetsuzo Seno  Masaki Yoshida 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2004,141(3):183-206

We try to find how often, and in what regions large earthquakes (M≥7.0) occur within the shallow portion (20-60 km depth) of a subducting slab. Searching for events in published individual studies and the Harvard University centroid moment tensor catalogue, we find twenty such events in E. Hokkaido, Kyushu-SW, Japan, S. Mariana, Manila, Sumatra, Vanuatu, N. Chile, C. Peru, El Salvador, Mexico, N. Cascadia and Alaska. Slab stresses revealed from the mechanism solutions of these large intraslab events and nearby smaller events are almost always down-dip tensional. Except for E. Hokkaido, Manila, and Sumatra, the upper plate shows horizontal stress gradient in the arc-perpendicular direction. We infer that shear tractions are operating at the base of the upper plate in this direction to produce the observed gradient and compression in the outer fore-arc, balancing the down-dip tensional stress of the slab. This tectonic situation in the subduction zone might be realized as part of the convection system with some conditions, as shown by previous numerical simulations.  相似文献   

Spatial pattern of photospheric granules in a sunspot neighborhood     

Ernesto R. Rodríguez Flores  Rafael Gmez Díaz  Ramn E. Rodríguez Taboada 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2005,67(17-18):1728

Based on high-resolution (0.3 arcsec) observations, we studied the behavior of solar granulation in the neighborhood of a sunspot. The bright granules’ spatial distribution and the granules’ surface density as a function of distance from the center of the sunspot umbra were determined.Bright granules distribute delimiting cells of dimensions in the mesogranular scale. The mean diameter of these cells does not show significant variation with the variation of the magnetic field of the sunspot. The granules’ surface density does not show significant variation with distance to the sunspot umbra. Both results point to a very weak, if any, influence of the sunspot magnetic field at distances greater than 20 arcsec.  相似文献   

Position de la limite Cénomanien-Turonien dans la Formation Bahloul de Tunisie centrale: apports intégrés des ammonites et des isotopes du carbone (δ¹³C)     

Francis Amédro  Hugues Accarie et Francis Robaszynski 《Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae》2005,98(2):151-167

Resume. Deux coupes de la Formation Bahloul en Tunisie centrale ont livré plus de 250 ammonites qui fondent une zonation en quatre termes allant du Cénomanien terminal (Zones à Metoicoceras geslinianum et à Pseudaspidoceras pseudonodosoides) au Turonien basal (Zones à Watinoceras spp et à Pseudaspidoceras flexuosum). La position de la limite Cénomanien-Turonien (C-T) étant définie par l’apparition de Watinoceras spp, cette limite est placée à 0,60m près dans la localité-type de la Formation à l’Oued Bahloul. Sur les deux coupes étudiées des mesures du carbone isotopique ont mis en évidence quatre événements – ou pics en δ¹³C – formant des lignes temporelles considérées comme synchrones dans la région considérée. L’événement δ¹³C indexé III, d’age encore cénomanien, est le plus proche de la limite C-T. Un événement biologique relatif à l’apparition de ?filaments? – ou microlamellibranches pélagiques – toujours cénomanien, est encore plus proche de la limite C-T. Enfin, une comparaison est tentée avec les Marnes à Plenus d’Eastbourne (UK) et avec le stratotype de la limite C-T à Pueblo (USA). Manuscrit re?u le 15 octobre, 2004 Révision acceptée le 2 février, 2005  相似文献   

对流和加热对重力惯性波的激发     

王兴宝 《热带气象学报》1997,(4)

用线性模型讨论了对流和加热对重力惯性波的激发，分别讨论了初始垂直速度扰动和初始位温扰动及大气内部加热在静态层结大气中激发的重力惯性波，及重力惯性波过程引起的大气温压场的变化。得到的结果可以帮助理解中小尺度系统的发生发展、对流过程与环境大气的相互作用。  相似文献   

Salt tectonics,a controlling factor on the development of the Marseilles and Grand-Rhone sedimentary ridges,Gulf of Lions,western Mediterranean Sea     

Antonio Tadeu dos Reis  Christian Gorini  Alain Mauffret  Wiktor Weibull 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2004,336(2):143-150

The Marseilles (also called Marseilles/Planier) and Grand Rhone sedimentary ridges, offshore the Gulf of Lions, western Mediterranean Sea, are generated by sediment spillover funnelled by the Marseilles and Grand-Rhone canyons, respectively. We show that the Marseilles and Grand-Rhone canyon directions are tectonically conditioned by Plio-Quaternary salt-induced sea-floor relief. Overburden extension in the area created an assemblage of listric faults running parallel to the strike of the continental margin. This salt-induced topography resulted in accentuated fault scarps impacting the sea-floor morphology and forcing submarine valleys to deflect to the east. Gravity-induced extension equally influenced the morphological pattern of the valley overbanking deposits. Sediment spillover occurred on both flanks of the canyons, but because active faulting generated space accommodation for overflow deposits, it inhibited the development of typical levee morphology along the canyons' left flanks. To cite this article: A.T. dos Reis, C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).  相似文献   

A study on the structure of the convective atmosphere over the Bay of Bengal during BOBMEX-99     

U. C. Mohanty  N. V. Sam  S. Das  A. N. V. Satyanarayana 《Journal of Earth System Science》2003,112(2):147-163

Convective activity is one of the major processes in the atmosphere influencing the local and large-scale weather in the tropics. The latent heat released by the cumulus cloud is known to drive monsoon circulation, which on the other hand supplies the moisture that maintains the cumulus clouds. An investigation is carried out on the convective structure of the atmosphere during active and suppressed periods of convection using data sets obtained from the Bay of Bengal and Monsoon Experiment (BOBMEX). The cumulus convection though being a small-scale phenomenon, still influences its embedding environment by interaction through various scales. This study shows the variation in the kinematic and convective parameters during the transition from suppressed to active periods of convection. Convergence in the lower levels and strong upward vertical velocity, significant during active convection are associated with the formation of monsoon depressions. The apparent heat source due to latent heat release and the vertical transport of the eddy heat by cumulus convection, and the apparent moisture sink due to net condensation and vertical divergence of the eddy transport of moisture, are estimated through residuals of the thermodynamic equation and examined in relation to monsoon activity during BOBMEX.  相似文献   

Évolution temporelle et architecture interne d'un banc sableux estuarien : la Longe de Boyard (littoral atlantique,France)     

Éric Chaumillon  Hervé Gillet  Nicolas Weber  Michel Tesson 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(2):119-126

The evolution and the internal architecture of an estuary type sand ridge has been studied with a set of bathymetric data recorded during the last two centuries and with a dense grid of recent very high resolution seismic profiles. Bathymetric data of the so-called, Longe de Boyard sand ridge, displays sand losts due to wave and tide erosion. Internal geometry, through seismic profile analysis, indicates two main phases of deposition recording both, a recent high energy environment and an older low energy one, respectively. Such an evolution is believed to record changes in sedimentation processes mainly related to the end of the Holocene transgression (8 000–5 000 yr BP). To cite this article: É. Chaumillon et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 119–126.  相似文献   

T106物理量预报场在强对流天气落区预报中的应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

许爱华  刘献耀 《气象与减灾研究》2002,25(1):15-18

通过分析我省近几年来强对流天气过程的T106部分物理量预报场的分布特征,发现其中的θse、K和ω预报场对预报我省强对流天气有较好的指示意义。并据此给出我省强对流天气动态落区预报的判据和2001年试用情况。  相似文献