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21.
Deep Seabed Mining: Past Failures and Future Prospects 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
G. P. Glasby 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2002,20(2):161-176
The first attempt to exploit deep-sea manganese nodules ended in failure as a result of the collapse of world metal prices, the onerous provisions imposed by the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and the overoptimistic assumptions about the viability of nodule mining. Attention then focused on Co-rich manganese crusts from seamounts. Since the mid-1980s, a number of new players have committed themselves to long-term programs to establish the viability of mining deep-sea manganese nodules. These programs require heavy subsidy by the host governments. Au-rich submarine hydrothermal deposits located at convergent plate margins are now emerging as a more promising prospect for mining than deep-sea manganese deposits. 相似文献
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研究区位于伊犁盆地南缘伊什基里克山西段,已发现48处铜多金属矿产,分为浅成中低温热液型、岩浆热液型、火山热液型3种类型.矿产形成与石炭—二叠纪裂谷发展演化关系密切,主要赋存于大哈拉军山组、伊什里克组中-酸性火山碎屑岩中.近EW向、NE向的4条基底大断裂控制了绝大部分金属矿产分布,旁侧NE向、NW向、E W向3组次级断裂为区内主要容矿构造.该区具寻找较大规模多金属矿产潜力,主攻类型为浅成中低温热液型银铜、铅锌、金、多金属矿,及火山热液型铜、铁、锰、多金属矿,重点地段为优选出的3个找矿远景区. 相似文献
23.
Sorting and concentration of a variety of heavy minerals along the coast between Gadani and Phornala, Baluchistan, are facilitated by the coincidence of the periods of maximum turbulence and wave activity, maximum percipitation, and sediments discharge. Sediment samples from different intertidal zones between Gadani and Phornala were collected for grain size analysis and petrographic/petrological study. Variations in grain size and mineral assemblage in the intertidal zones have been noted. Concentration of dark color heavy minerals has been noted in fine grain sediments, light color minerals are ubiquitous. The sediments exhibit wide ranges of sorting. 相似文献
24.
云南是国内银（铅）－锌矿开发最早地区之一。回收银而涉及铅的开发，而锌开发最晚。先辈重视伴（共）生金属的回收，早在清代（1742－1816年），已知从乐马厂、金少厂、白羊厂、马龙厂等炼银冰燥（炉渣）中回收铜。除芦柴冲、虾洞外，已知银（铅）－锌矿床（点）在历史上都不同程度被开发过。研究、考证历史上的开发资料，结合其地质背景，认为：新平－南华，马关戛达厂－坝脚，元江牛尾巴冲，大姚直苴，凤庆涌舍厂，云龙白羊厂等矿带（床），应进一步开展找银评价工作。 相似文献
25.
北大别山肖畈岩体地球化学特征和锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对肖畈岩体进行了系统的锆石U-Pb定年、岩石全分析测试,认为该岩体化学成分具超酸、富碱、弱过铝和贫钠富钾等特点,属超酸性富碱钾玄岩系列岩浆岩。岩石轻稀土明显富集,重稀土亏损,(La/Yb)N在10.65~20.53之间,δEu负异常中等,稀土元素分布曲线为左高右平倾斜的"U"字型,属后碰撞花岗岩类,与东秦岭—大别钼多金属成矿带中富钼中酸性小岩体地球化学特征一致。利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年测得肖畈岩体似斑状花岗岩体的加权平均年龄值为139.30±0.64 Ma(2σ,n=12,MSWD=1.3),代表岩体的结晶年龄。研究认为肖畈岩体不是灵山花岗岩基同源岩浆演化的产物,它们分属两期岩浆活动,依据如下:1肖畈岩体成岩年龄早于灵山岩体近10 Ma;2肖畈岩体来源于下地壳相对高温高压岩浆源区,不可能由灵山岩体(低温岩浆)分异而成。肖畈岩体形成的地球动力学背景为中生代构造体制转换及其后伸展机制下岩石圈大规模拆沉减薄而引起的岩浆活动。地壳拆沉,幔源物质上侵,含斜长石一角闪石-石榴子石-辉石的高压麻粒岩下地壳部分熔融,形成肖畈深源浅成型富钼(铜)花岗岩体。 相似文献
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27.
西盟锡矿群是云南锡矿主产区,存在五类锡矿床：“面型”云英岩型,大理岩型,矽卡岩型,断裂破碎带型及层间破碎带型。深入了解其不同成因空间、成矿规律、岩矿组合、赋矿条件,并结合隐伏花岗岩体特征,十分有利扩大找矿远景。 相似文献
28.
Song Yang Tang Juxing Qu Xiaoming Wang Denghong Xin Hongbo Yang Chao Lin Bin Fan Shufang 《地球科学进展》2014,29(7):795-809
The traditional Bangongco-Nujiang metallogenic belt overlap with the ophiolitic melange units remained in the Bangongco-Nujiang ocean including the Cr, Au, Fe mineralization controlled with magma liquation. On the other hand, the broad metallogenic belt involved the deposits which had been recognized the products of subduction or postsubduction lithospheric extension in the northern and southern sides of Bangongco-Nujiang subduction zone, which includes the southern edge of the southern Qiangtang, suture zone, part of the North and Middle Gangdese block. The types of deposits include porphyry copper (gold) deposits, skarn iron (copper) deposits, hydrothermal-altered rock type of gold deposits and hydrothermal type of tungsten deposits throughout the evolution of Bangongco-Nujiang ocean. The copper mineralization has two episodes at about 120~105 Ma and 90~85 Ma, respectively. The early stage of copper mineralization (120~105 Ma) likely formes by remelting of previously subduction-modified arc lithosphere. Moreover, the late stage of copper mineralization (90~85 Ma) could be triggered by postcollisional lithospheric mantle delamination. Some of key fundamental scientific problems, such as Tectonic background (metallogenic environment), magmatism, metallogenic mechanism of typical deposits, the relationship between the preservation and plateau uplift, we need to pay attention to in the future work. 相似文献
29.
泥石流堆积物作为泥石流发育最终的产物,含有大量与泥石流发生过程和发育特征相关的信息,能够反映泥石流灾害程度和活动强度。研究表明,泥石流堆积物颗粒具有明显的自相似性和无标度区间,运用分形理论,计算泥石流堆积物颗粒分布的分维数。分析分维数与主沟长度、泥砂补给段长度比、主沟平均比降、流域最大相对高差和松散物源量的关系,结果表明分维数与各因素之间存在较强的非线性响应关系。以乌东德库区泥石流实测数据为例,以上述的5个因素作为输入单元,建立了泥石流堆积物分维数支持向量机预测模型,并对分维数进行了预测,其预测结果的最大误差为1.25%,说明预测值与实测值吻合度较高。综合表明支持向量机预测模型能够较好地模拟和泛化数据,是一种行之有效的泥石流堆积物分形维数预测方法,可用于不具备筛析条件的泥石流堆积物粒度分布特征的预测与研究,进而可为研究泥石流的形成机理、类型、危险度和堆积物的形成演化特征及物理力学性质提供一个新思路。 相似文献
30.
This study provides the results of the first integrated study of Oligocene–Pliocene basins around Norway.Within the study area, three main depocentres have been identified where sandy sediments accumulated throughout the Oligocene to Early Pliocene period. The depocentre in the Norwegian–Danish Basin received sediments from the southern Scandes Mountains, with a general progradation from north to south during the studied period. The depocentre in the basinal areas of the UK and Norwegian sectors of the North Sea north of 58°N received sediments from the Scotland–Shetland area. Because of the sedimentary infilling there was a gradual shallowing of the northern North Sea basin in the Oligocene and Miocene. A smaller depocentre is identified offshore northern Nordland between Ranafjorden (approximately 66°N) and Vesterålen (approximately 68°N) where the northern Scandes Mountains were the source of the Oligocene to Early Pliocene sediments. In other local depocentres along the west coast of Norway, sandy sedimentation occurred in only parts of the period. Shifts in local depocentres are indicative of changes in the paleogeography in the source areas.In the Barents Sea and south to approximately 68°N, the Oligocene to Early Pliocene section is eroded except for distal fine-grained and biogenic deposits along the western margin and on the oceanic crust. This margin was undergoing deformation in a strike-slip regime until the Eocene–Oligocene transition. The Early Oligocene sediments dated in the Vestbakken Volcanic Province and the Forlandssundet Basin represent the termination of this strike-slip regime.The change in the plate tectonic regime at the Eocene–Oligocene transition affected mainly the northern part of the study area, and was followed by a quiet tectonic period until the Middle Miocene, when large compressional dome and basin structures were formed in the Norwegian Sea. The Middle Miocene event is correlated with a relative fall in sea level in the main depocentres in the North Sea, formation of a large delta in the Viking Graben (Frigg area) and uplift of the North and South Scandes domes. In the Norwegian–Danish Basin, the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone was reactivated in the Early Miocene, possibly causing a shift in the deltaic progradation towards the east. A Late Pliocene relative rise in sea level resulted in low sedimentation rates in the main depositional areas until the onset of glaciations at about 2.7 Ma when the Scandes Mountains were strongly eroded and became a major source of sediments for the Norwegian shelf, whilst the Frigg delta prograded farther to the northeast. 相似文献