Use of receiver functions in wide-angle controlled-source crustal data sets     

Igor B. Morozov  Muhammad Din 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,173(1):299-308

First-arrival waveforms remain underutilized in crustal refraction–reflection seismology by mostly reducing them to traveltime picks. However, as in earthquake seismology, the waveforms also contain important information about shallow near-receiver structures. We illustrate the use of three-component waveform analysis on the records from the ACCRETE wide-angle data set (SE Alaska and British Columbia; 1994), apply the Receiver Function (RF) methodology to the codas of P -wave arrivals, and draw two important conclusions. First, the P -wave polarization azimuths are found to be controlled by the near-receiver structures and virtually unrelated to the source–receiver backazimuths, from which they deviate by up to ∼40°. This observation might be important for studies of anisotropy and also for earthquake RF studies. Second, after correcting for the polarization azimuths, clear P / S mode conversions are reliably detected within 80–400 ms following the primary arrivals. The conversions are interpreted as originating at the base of the sedimentary cover of the fjord channel. In most cases, imaging of the basement requires only several records; however, notable exceptions are also found and interpreted as caused by multipathing, localized scattering, and onsets of crustal and Moho reflections. The ACCRETE example shows that RF methodology could be useful for constraining sediment thickness and deriving P - and S -wave receiver statics in land refraction surveys where collocated reflection profiles are not available. In addition, RFs from repeatable controlled sources could be useful for testing and calibration of RF techniques.  相似文献   

The Agulhas Plateau: structure and evolution of a Large Igneous Province     

N. Parsiegla  K. Gohl  G. Uenzelmann-Neben 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,174(1):336-350

Large Igneous Provinces (LIP) are of great interest due to their role in crustal generation, magmatic processes and environmental impact. The Agulhas Plateau in the southwest Indian Ocean off South Africa has played a controversial role in this discussion due to unclear evidence for its continental or oceanic crustal affinity. With new geophysical data from seismic refraction and reflection profiling, we are able to present improved evidence for its crustal structure and composition. The velocity–depth model reveals a mean crustal thickness of 20 km with a maximum of 24 km, where three major units can be identified in the crust. In our seismic reflection records, evidence for volcanic flows on the Agulhas Plateau can be observed. The middle crust is thickened by magmatic intrusions. The up to 10 km thick lower crustal body is characterized by high seismic velocities of 7.0–7.6 km s⁻¹. The velocity–depth distribution suggests that the plateau consists of overthickened oceanic crust similar to other oceanic LIPs such as the Ontong-Java Plateau or the northern Kerguelen Plateau. The total volume of the Agulhas Plateau was estimated to be 4 × 10⁶ km³ of which about 10 per cent consists of extruded igneous material. We use this information to obtain a first estimate on carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide emission caused by degassing from this material. The Agulhas Plateau was formed as part of a larger LIP consisting of the Agulhas Plateau itself, Northeast Georgia Rise and Maud Rise. The formation time of this LIP can be estimated between 100 and 94 (± 5) Ma.  相似文献   

Three-dimensional seismic modelling of the crustal structure between East European Craton and the Carpathians in SE Poland based on CELEBRATION 2000 data     

M. Malinowski  M. Grad  A. Guterch  CELEBRATION Working Group 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,173(2):546-565

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The ZH ratio method for long-period seismic data: sensitivity kernels and observational techniques   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

T. Tanimoto  L. Rivera 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,172(1):187-198

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基于“中国大陆构造环境监测网络”的天山及邻近地区地壳运动与地震活动的初步研究     

王晓强  宋和平  程瑞忠  郑黎明  李杰  李桂荣  帕尔哈提  朱治国  方伟  周骏  布尔吉尔  陈述江  孙小旭 《内陆地震》2012,(2):97-107

利用＂中国大陆构造环境监测网络＂新疆地区的基本站、区域站观测成果对天山及邻近地区现代地壳运动进行了研究,获得了天山地壳运动速率,提出了天山地壳缩短由南向北、由西向东逐渐递减的规律。通过GPS复测资料进行区域水平运动状态的分析,通过剪应变,面膨胀值的分布,可以发现挤压、隆升、拉张、沉陷过程中产生了正负转换的地带,在这些正负交界并且剪应变值增大的地区,一般都是地震多发区。  相似文献   

青藏高原东边缘冕宁—宜宾剖面电性结构及其构造意义   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

万战生  赵国泽  汤吉  陈小斌  王立凤  肖骑彬  詹艳  王继军  汪卫毛  蔡军涛 《地球物理学报》2010,53(3):585-594

在青藏高原东边缘沿冕宁—宜宾进行了大地电磁探测研究,剖面西起康滇地轴,向东穿过大凉山地块,终止于四川盆地.利用带地形的NLCG(非线性共轭梯度)方法对资料进行了反演,得到沿剖面的二维电性结构.康滇地轴和大凉山地块地壳中存在向上拱起的高导层(HCL),顶面埋深为10～15 km,最浅处不足10 km,厚度大约15～25 km,最小电阻率小于10 Ωm.四川盆地中下地壳不存在高导层.和该剖面北侧的石棉—乐山剖面的地壳电性结构对比分析表明,高导层在南北方向上可能连续延伸,长度大于100 km.壳内高导层的高导电性与岩石的部分熔融有关,并可能含有百分之几的含盐流体,易于流动和变形.青藏高原东部地壳内的可流动层在向东或东南方向流动过程中,由于受到四川盆地的阻挡,转向南或南南东方向,大体沿着大凉山地块的走向.在东西方向,壳内高导层自川滇地块向东运动,穿过大凉山地块西边界的安宁河断裂和则木河断裂,在大凉山地块东部,向四川盆地深部倾俯.本文对于壳内可流动层的存在及其与青藏高原东边缘的变形和地震活动性的关系进行了探讨.  相似文献   

从跨断层短基线观测计算地应变的方法探讨——以唐山台地形变数据为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

黄建平  石耀霖  李文静 《地球物理学报》2010,53(5):1118-1126

跨断层测量是研究断层活动特征的重要手段之一.本文介绍了一种利用台站短基线观测,通过刚体模型、弹性体模型和组合模型确定断层或断裂带附近应变的方法,并以唐山地形变台资料为例进行对比分析.通过对比同时间段的位移和应变时间序列的变化幅度和趋势特征,认为组合模型更符合实际情况.同时,分析了多条测段不同组合情况下的模型计算结果,探讨了跨断层观测资料与区域GPS数据计算结果之间差异的原因.并提出了基线过渡桩更可能位于断层东侧的认识.  相似文献   

川西藏东地区的地壳均衡异常及其与地震分布的关系   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

张永谦  王谦身  滕吉文 《地球物理学报》2010,53(11):2631-2638

川西藏东地区是青藏高原物质东移、转而向东南运移的通道地域,该处强烈的构造活动和频发的地震即是由于其深部物质的分异、调整和运移所致.为此,在该地域沿30°N设置了一条跨越特提斯构造域和扬子克拉通不同构造单元的剖面,依据Airy重力均衡理论求取该剖面沿线的理论均衡地壳厚度,并与根据天然地震和人工源地震资料所求得的实际地壳厚度进行对比分析,以探讨该区壳、幔物质的地壳均衡状态.研究结果发现,在本剖面沿线呈现出两处大的均衡异常区,即与四川盆地相比其差异显著,均衡异常强度高、且范围广.在此基础上通过对地壳重力场均衡效应与强烈地震活动之间关系的分析与探讨.认为存在均衡异常的地区是强震发生的主要地带,而由均衡区向不均衡区过度的均衡异常梯度带则是强震预防的重中之重.  相似文献   

基于GNSS基准站的三级GPS网解算精度分析     

程广义  张海东  陈永祥  张英利  赵淑芬 《大地测量与地球动力学》2011,31(6):89-93

随着连续运行基准站技术在大地测量中的广泛应用,连续运行基准站在全国三级GPS网中的布设和数据处理也起到了关键作用,不仅加快了建设速度,加大了布网的灵活度,也保证了起算控制和解算精度。与以前相比,陆态网连续运行基准站分布密度总体上提高了10倍,重点地区提高了100倍,观测手段也有了很大变化。基于网络工程和陆态网络基准站对不同区域三级GPS网进行了解算和精度统计,分析了基准站对三级GPS网精度的影响。  相似文献   

Numerical tests for effects of various parameters in niching genetic algorithm applied to regional waveform inversion   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

Cong Li  Jianshe Lei 《地震科学（英文版）》2014,27(5):541-551

In this paper, we focus on the influences of various parameters in the niching genetic algorithm inversion procedure on the results, such as various objective functions, the number of the models in each subpopulation, and the critical separation radius. The frequency–waveform integration (F–K) method is applied to synthesize three-component waveform data with noise in various epicentral distances and azimuths. Our results show that if we use a zero-th-lag cross-correlation function, then we will obtain the model with a faster convergence and a higher precision than other objective functions. The number of models in each subpopulation has a great influence on the rate of convergence and computation time, suggesting that it should be obtained through tests in practical problems. The critical separation radius should be determined carefully because it directly affects the multi-extreme values in the inversion. We also compare the inverted results from full-band waveform data and surface-wave frequency-band (0.02–0.1 Hz) data, and find that the latter is relatively poorer but still has a higher precision, suggesting that surface-wave frequency-band data can also be used to invert for the crustal structure.  相似文献