巴楚隆起亚松迪断裂带构造特征及几何学模型     

郑晓丽  何光玉  姚泽伟 《地学前缘》2016,23(4):255-264

基于地震剖面的精细地质解释,识别出塔里木盆地巴楚隆起亚松迪断裂带及邻区三期冲断褶皱构造,并建立了其几何学模型。第一期活动的为沿中寒武统膏盐层滑脱的巴什托断裂,该断裂走向为NWW,形成于二叠纪之后、古近纪之前;第二期为基底卷入型的色力布亚断裂,该断裂走向为NNW,形成于晚中新世;第三期为分别沿中寒武统和古近系膏盐层滑脱的亚松迪深、浅层断裂,这两条断裂走向均为NW,形成于更新世-全新世。平面上,亚松迪断裂的发育位置受控于古近系膏盐层的分布范围。剖面上,与先存的巴什托断裂和色力布亚断裂的复合发育造成了亚松迪断裂带东、中、西三段不同的构造样式：东段发育断层传播褶皱(上)与突破型滑脱褶皱(下);中段发育断层传播褶皱(上)、突破型滑脱褶皱(中)和基底卷入构造(下);西段则发育滑脱褶皱(上)与断层转折褶皱(下),该段滑脱褶皱为亚松迪浅层断裂的西端点。最后,我们利用计算机数值模拟的方法对这三种冲断褶皱模型进行了验证。  相似文献   

重磁电综合地球物理探测河套盆地深部结构     

刘嵘  马见青  李庆春  叶培盛 《地质力学学报》2016,22(4):943-954

从地球物理的角度出发,利用重力、磁法及电法勘探对河套盆地第四系深覆盖区展开深入研究,对河套断陷带南北边界断裂——鄂尔多斯北界断裂、色尔腾山前断裂的性质,河套盆地第四纪沉积物特征及厚度,河套沉积基底构造的探测进行了大量研究工作,并利用电法剖面对该区第四纪含水层分布规律进行了初步研究。通过重磁联合反演、天然地震数据,分析并推断了研究区由南向北的4条隐伏断层F₁-F₄及狼山-色尔腾山前大断裂F₅,同时揭露了该区结晶基底的起伏及埋深,研究区南部基底深度2.5~4.2 km,北部中心基底最大埋深可达6 km,北部色尔腾山前断裂带迅速升至0~1 km。   相似文献   

俯冲带形成机制的可检验假说和检验方案     

牛耀龄  沈芳宇  陈艳虹  龚红梅 《地学前缘》2018,25(6):51-66

五十年前板块构造理论的诞生是地球科学领域的一场革命,它为理解地球如何运作构建了基本框架。过去五十年对该理论的进一步研究告诉我们地质过程最终都是地球热损失的结果。例如,大洋岩石圈板块在洋中脊形成,其运动和增生以及最终通过俯冲带进入地幔导致地幔冷却降温,从而导致大规模的地幔对流。亦即,板块构造的直接驱动力是俯冲大洋岩石圈板块的下沉力。因此,没有俯冲带就没有板块构造,但是俯冲带如何开始仍然有争议。对俯冲起始的研究从未中断,有数值模拟也有地质推断。2014年在西太平洋用三个IODP航次(350、351和352)来检验“自发”和“诱发”俯冲开始的想法。所有这些努力都值得肯定,但这些是无法检验的想法。无法检验意味着没有结果。本文介绍至今唯一可用地质学方法检验的假说,亦即“岩石圈内横向物质组成差异导致的浮力差是俯冲带形成的起因”。这种浮力差位于海底高原的边部和被动大陆边缘,因此这些部位是未来俯冲带起始的必然轨迹。在远离这些部位的正常洋盆内因缺乏浮力差而俯冲带不可能起始。换句话说,“所有岛弧一定有大陆(或海底高原)基底”,这可以通过采集和研究岛弧基底岩石来验证。  相似文献   

倾斜仪基礅影响及零漂分析     

丁建国  陆德明  狄梁  鲁宗良 《地震地磁观测与研究》2012,33(5):255-260

通过对常熟地震台形变山洞内3套倾斜仪生命周期内的观测资料的对比分析,表明基礅的持荷作用会使混凝土产生徐变,混凝土厚薄不均其徐变能引起基礅倾斜,这种过程是非线性的,其发展呈指数分布,并贯穿仪器的整个生命周期。  相似文献   

Bitumen biomarkers in the Mid-Proterozoic Ilímaussaq intrusion, Southwest Greenland - A challenge to the mantle gas theory     

T. Laier  H.P. Nytoft 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2012,30(1):50-65

GC and GC/MS/MS analysis on rock extracts has shown that the bitumen in the peralkaline Ilímaussaq intrusion, previously assumed to be abiogenic, is biotic in origin. A biotic origin is in accordance with previously published stable carbon isotopic data on bituminous matter in the rocks. The biomarker distribution in the bitumen, including the less common bicadinanes, resembles that of oil seeps on the central West Greenland coast 2200 km farther north, whose source rocks and migration history are relatively well established. We use a recent re-construction of the subsidence and later exhumation of the West Greenland coastal region during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic (Japsen et al., 2006a, b) to anticipate that hydrocarbons migrated from deeper parts of the basin offshore west of Greenland. The rocks of Ilímaussaq were probably more deeply invaded than the surrounding granites due to their higher proportion of corroded minerals, which may explain why bitumen has not been observed elsewhere in the area.Hydrocarbon gases (C1-C5) present in fluid inclusions were also analysed, after having been released by treatment with hydrochloric acid that resulted in an almost complete disintegration of the Ilímaussaq intrusion rocks. The acid extraction method proved generally more efficient than the crushing procedure applied by others, but gave similar results for the chemical composition of the gas (CH₄: 88-97%) and isotopic ratios (δ¹³C₄CH: −1.6 to −5.0‰; δ¹³CC₂H₆: −9.2 to −12.5‰), with the exception of hydrocarbons hosted in quartz, which showed significantly lower isotopic values for methane (Graser et al., 2008). Previous researchers have suggested an abiotic origin for these hydrocarbon gases, but we suggest a biotic origin for the majority of them, not just those in quartz, assuming that the isotopic ratio of the constituents have changed due to loss of gas by diffusion. The assumption of gas loss via diffusion is supported by published studies on micro-fissures in minerals typical of the Ilímaussaq and field investigations showing diffusive loss of gas from the peralkaline Khibina and Lovozero massifs on the Kola Peninsula, Russia, which are, in many respects of mineralogy and hydrocarbon content, similar to the Ilímaussaq intrusion.Both the hydrocarbon gases and bitumen in the Khibina and Lovozero massifs have been cited as prime examples of a deep mantle source, although the carbon isotopic ratio of the bitumen clearly pointed to an organic origin. The trends in carbon isotopic ratio of methane released with time from freshly exposed rocks also supports our hypothesis of ¹³C enrichment of the methane remaining within the rock. Thus, there is good evidence that the hydrocarbons in the Kola alkaline massifs are mostly biotic in origin, in which case the probability of finding economic hydrocarbon accumulations from a deep mantle source seems exceedingly small.  相似文献   

运用综合信息开展地震区划     

王微  王世称  刘光胜  马生忠 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(3):892-899

运用综合信息推断基底构造格架。研究表明：地震带和地震点位于莫霍面陡度带、低速层陡度带、重力线型构造、重力环型构造以及重力线型构造交汇处;地震带和地震点与地下水、温泉、放射性铀矿的分布规律一致,同受基底构造格架控制;我国水系与线型构造关系密切,湖泊位于线型构造交汇处。利用上述研究成果开展地震区划,圈定安全区和安全岛,为我国的城市建设和重大工程建设的合理布局提供科学依据。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地基底断裂的重磁学研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵俊猛  卢造勋  姚长利  黎益仕  刘占坡 《地震地质》2008,30(1):132-143

利用准噶尔盆地及周边地区1/20万重力、航磁数据,使用重力、航磁位场频率域转换、正则化滤波、布格重力异常向上延拓、求导、磁异常化极以及趋势分析方法,在准噶尔盆地内部确定了47条主要断裂,并将其分为3个等级,其中一级断裂6条,二级断裂6条,三级断裂35条。尤其是通过详细的资料处理,并结合盆地盖层沉积特点确定了基底SN,EW向断裂F1,F6的存在。这2组主要断裂将准噶尔盆地的基底划分为4个象限,是新的基底构造格架建立的重要依据之一  相似文献   

青藏高原北缘基底结构的有限差分研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

赵俊猛  徐强  段永红  裴顺平  刘宏兵 《地球物理学进展》2008,23(4):993-1000

拜城-大柴旦综合地球物理剖面横跨了塔里木盆地、阿尔金追山带和柴达木盆地.沿剖面进行了10次各2吨级TNT炸药的人工地震探测工作.本文利用沿剖面的Pg震相,使用有限差分方法对塔里木盆地、阿尔金造山带和柴迭木盆地的基底顶界面埋深及盖层的速度结构进行了反演,结果表明,不同的地质构造单元具有不同的基底结构形态与速度分布特点.塔里木盆地的基底及盖层速度分布相对平稳,表现出整体变形特征,但在库车与轮台之间,盆地的基底埋深及速度分布发生了明显的变化,深度差约2 km,速度差高达0.5 km/s.这种明显的、系统的速度差异,加之其它地质学与深部地球物理学证据表明,塔里木盆地的基底可能由构造特点不同的东西两个部分构成;阿尔金造山带的基底埋深与盖层速度分布变化较大,与造山带的强烈构造变形相联系1;在阿尔金造山带与塔里木盆地和柴达木盆地的接触部位基底及盖层介质均表现为高速异常,可能与深部高密度物质沿断裂向地壳内部迁移有关;柴达木盆地的基底与盖层呈"U"形分布,表现出强烈的内部变形特征.  相似文献   

琼东北及雷州半岛深地震测深剖面Pg波资料处理结果——用地震波前成像和射线数分布分析法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

徐朝繁  沈繁銮  牟光迅  嘉世旭  李春军  李红勇 《地球物理学进展》2008,23(3):694-704

本文用地震波前成像和射线数分布分析法对上世纪80年代在琼东北及雷州半岛地区完成的三条宽角反射/折射地震剖面的Pg波资料进行了处理,得到了三条测线下方的上地壳顶部P波速度结构及基底的空间展布形态特征.结果显示研究区域表现出较复杂的上部地壳结构特征,浅部P波速度结构的高、低速区域分别与地质构造上的一些凸起和凹陷相对应,用射线数分布分析法所显示的基底结构及形态特征与地震剖面穿过区域的地质构造有较好的对应关系,测线穿过的一些断裂下方P波速度结构表现为强烈的横向非均匀性.  相似文献   

Complex petroleum accumulating process and accumulation series in the buried-hill trend in the rift basin:An example of Xinglongtai structure trend,Liaohe subbasin     

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z2)

The buried-hill trend is a typical style of the petroliferous structure in the faulted basin of eastern China. The Xinglongtai structure trend in the Liaohe subbasin,Bohai Bay Basin is a buried faulted-hill trend resulting from the periodic faulting of the Tai’an-Dawa faults. The structure was cut by various faults,which are interlinked and constitute the conduits for petroleum migration. Petroleum accumulated in the Tertiary sandstones and pre-Tertiary basement of metamorphosed rocks through the migration pathways of the fault system. Petroleum in the structure was derived from different hydrocarbon kitchens to form a hybrid field complex. Petroleum charged the structure from different directions and accumulated in various reservoirs through different pathways in different times. The accumulations in the buried hill trend of Xingongtai are composed of two types of traps in the two stratigraphic systems: traps in the Tertiary sandstones were formed by the fault blocks and by the pinchout of the sandstone,and traps in the pre-Tertiary basement of metamorphosed rocks were formed by fissures in the inner part of the buried hills and by the unconformity near the surface of the buried hills.  相似文献