现代黄河三角洲沉积层压实下沉的计算分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高茂生  薛春汀  叶思源  袁红明  赵广明  丁喜桂 《海洋学报》2010,32(5):34-40

1855年以来形成的厚度为15 m的现代黄河三角洲分流叶瓣在遭废弃后的最近30 a内的沉积压实幅度为2.28～3.87 m,年平均压实量达0.1 m,其中黏土质粉砂被压实了25.8%,粉砂沉积地层被压实了15.2%,黏土质粉砂的沉积压实量是粉砂沉积压实量的1.7倍,在此期间基本上完成了三角洲压实下沉过程。下伏沉积地层的压缩量有限,不同沉积年代的沉积压实下沉量相差小,如厚度为20～30 m的沉积压实量仅有0.2～0.28 m,其中黏土质粉砂被压实了0.91%,粉砂被压实了1.19%,沉积地层平均被压实了1%。无论是黏土质粉砂还是粉砂,孔隙度与沉积地层深度呈负指数函数关系,黏粒含量愈高,孔隙水则愈难以排出,覆盖在下伏沉积地层上面的表层沉积物对压实下沉贡献愈大。  相似文献   

Impact of hydrographic parameters and seasonal variation in sediment fluxes on coral status at Chumbe and Bawe reefs,Zanzibar, Tanzania     

Alfred N.N. Muzuka  Alfonse M. DubiChristopher A. Muhando  Yohanna W. Shaghude 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

Coral reefs which are an important resource to coastal communities and nation at large are adversely affected by rate of sediment flux to the reefs. However, there is little information on seasonal trend in sediment flux and its impact at the reefs off Zanzibar. Two years’ monthly data on sedimentation at Chumbe and Bawe reefs were used to assess seasonal variability in sediment flux and its implication on the coral status. Sediment flux to the Bawe reefs for the duration of the study ranged from 0.2 to 41.5 mg cm⁻² d⁻¹, while it ranged from 0.8 to 65.8 mg cm⁻² d⁻¹ at the Chumbe reefs. Sediment fluxes at Bawe reefs were highest between November and March, while they were highest between April and September at Chumbe reefs. Generally, sediment fluxes at Bawe reefs were low compared to those at Chumbe. The total sediment input to the reefs ranged from 4615 to 123,403 kg d⁻¹ for Bawe reefs and 2750 to 79,636 kg d⁻¹ for Chumbe reefs. High sediment fluxes at Bawe reefs between November and March; and the Chumbe reefs between April and September can be attributed to water currents and wind pattern in the east African region which are under the influence of the monsoons. The observed trend suggests that the period for coral transplant as a management option for the two sites should be different. Coral transplant can be undertaken in such a way that stress of the corals due to sedimentation can be felt after they have overcome stress from transplant process and temperature. The results from this study contribute to the much needed information for coral transplant, restoration, and management.  相似文献   

基于测井频谱分析的松科二井登娄库组地层沉积速率研究     

张浩东  邹长春  彭诚  杨玉卿 《地球学报》2022,43(5):654-664

松辽盆地科学钻探工程松科二井获取了白垩纪陆相沉积资料,其中连续、多参数、高分辨率的地球物理测井资料为研究松辽盆地地层的沉积速率变化规律提供了机会。本文利用GR、Th、K、Th/K多种测井数据,采用天文旋回的方法来计算松科二井登娄库组地层的沉积速率,并探讨影响地层沉积的主控因素。多种测井数据的频谱分析结果表明了登娄库组地层记录着米兰科维奇旋回信息,这说明登娄库组沉积过程受天文轨道驱动力影响。Th测井数据对天文旋回信息的敏感性强,综合考虑多种测井数据的测试结果获得了连续、相对准确的地层沉积速率。登娄库组地层沉积速率从下往上整体呈现为由高到低的趋势。登二段至登三段时期地层沉积主要受盆地断陷活动控制,地层整体具有高沉积速率特征,最高达到16.2 cm/ka。随后至登四段时期由于断陷活动逐渐减弱,盆地向区域坳陷的构造格局转化,登四段整体具有沉积速率较低的特征,最低为5.9cm/ka。该研究建立了松科二井登娄库组地层连续的沉积速率剖面,为揭示松辽盆地由断陷活动过渡到坳陷活动的地质规律提供了测井证据。  相似文献   

全新世长江泥沙堆积的时空分布及通量估算   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王张华  Jingpu Paul Liu  赵宝成 《古地理学报》2007,9(4):419-429

利用长江中下游、河口及口外、浙-闽沿岸陆架6个主要沉积盆地的40个晚第四纪钻孔及其年代学数据和长江口外、陆架的浅地层剖面,计算了全新世不同阶段各沉积盆地的沉积速率,并进行了近7 000年来泥沙堆积通量的估算。研究发现全新世早期距今10 000年至8 000年间长江口下切古河谷是长江泥沙的主要堆积中心,沉积速率可高达15m/ka。随着海平面上升,全新世中期长江中下游也成为长江泥沙的重要沉积盆地,其中江汉盆地的沉积速率可达10m/ka。近2 000年来,口外、陆架的堆积呈明显增加趋势,反映长江中下游盆地和河口可容空间日益减小。根据沉积速率估算,距今7 000年来长江中下游堆积泥沙约13 074×108 t,同期水下三角洲和陆架的泥沙堆积量约为9 470×108 t。研究还发现全新世以来有两个异常低沉积速率时期：距今8000-7 000年期间上述各沉积盆地沉积速率均显著低,未见长江泥沙的沉积中心; 距今4 000-2 000 年期间长江口呈现低沉积速率。 这两次异常的原因推测与海平面、气候波动事件密切相关。  相似文献   

ON SOME KEY SEDIMENTATION PROBLEMS OF THREE GORGES PROJECT (TGP)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lin Bingnan Dou Guoren Xie Jianheng Dai Dingzhong Chen Jisheng Tang Richang  Zhang Ren 《国际泥沙研究》1989,(1)

I. INTRODUCTIONThe Three Gorges Project (TGP) being planned is to be located on the Yangtze River at Sandouplug, 44 km upstream of Yichang (Fig. l). A scheme studied in the feasibility stage has the crest ofthe dam placed at 185 m with a maximums height o…  相似文献   

广西弧形构造探讨     

褚有龙 《地球科学》1988,(6)

广西构造实为一弧形构造,它由四个并排的北东—北西向的轭状弧带所组成。每个弧带的前部,为坚硬的岩块所组成,所产生的断裂及岩浆活动对寻找与火成岩有关的矿产有一定意义。每个弧带的后部,产生盆地型沉积,有利于沉积矿产的形成。  相似文献   

周期性潮积岩及其研究意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴智勇 《地质科技情报》1994,13(3):57-62

回顾了最近十余年来国外对周期性潮汐沉积物，特别是潮汐韵律层的研究进展，系统介绍了几种从古代沉积物中识别出来的潮汐周期，包括基本潮汐（半日潮，全日潮和混合潮），大一小潮周期以及一些长周期波动等。最后，对潮汐韵律层在推测地史时期地－月系的演化历史及计算短期沉积速率中的意义作了评述。  相似文献   

水库泥沙淤积量风险分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

洪家宁 《水文》1994,(4):14-18

水库泥沙淤积是水库工程较为重要的问题，由于水库泥沙淤积受到来水、来沙和水库运行情况等不确定性因素的影响，水库实际淤积量存在超过设计标准的风险性。本文以来水，来沙为主要的不确定性因素，通过对来水、来沙序列的随机模拟和水库冲淤计算，分析水库冲淤积量的风险度，为水库的风险决策提供依据。  相似文献   

Evaporitic sedimentation and microbial mats in a salina system (Port Fouad,Egypt)     

A. G. Taher  S. Abdel Wahab  G. Philip  W. E. Krumbein  A. M. Wali 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(2):95-116

A salina system along the Mediterranean coast of Egypt was investigated. Five sedimentary facies are described. For each facies, the evaporitic sedimentation and the biological conditions are considered. Comparisons of evaporite precipitates in the salina with ancient deposits are made.  相似文献   

How reliable is the210Pb dating method? Old and new results from Switzerland     

H. R. von Gunten  R. N. Moser 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1993,9(2):161-178

We present a historical overview of applications of²¹⁰Pb dating in Switzerland with a special emphasis on the work performed at the University of Bern. It is demonstrated that the average specific activity of²¹⁰Pb in the lower atmosphere is very constant and does not show seasonal variations. We then concentrate on new results from Lobsigensee, a very small lake, and on published and new data from Lake Zurich. Several²¹⁰Pb profiles from these lakes show obvious disturbances and a disagreement of the resulting sedimentation rate when compared to that for the 23 years defined by¹³⁷Cs peaks of 1986 (Chernobyl) and 1963 (bomb fallout).A mean sedimentation rate of about 0.14 g cm^–2 y^–1 is found in the oxic and suboxic center part of Lake Zurich. In the oxic locations, the²¹⁰Pb flux to the sediments was close to the atmospheric input of about 1/60 Bq cm^–2 y^–1. In other parts of the lake a significant deficit in the inventory of²¹⁰Pb was found in the sediments. This could be due to a chemical redissolution of²¹⁰Pb together with Mn under reducing conditions. In contrast, in the suboxic part of the lake (135 m depth) the flux of²¹⁰Pb was about twice the atmospheric input. This excess is not caused by allochthonous contributions and is tentatively explained by the transport of sediment material resulting from small slides at the very steep lake shores or more probably by reprecipitation of²¹⁰Pb together with Mn when the conditions in the lake water become locally and seasonally more oxidizing. Dissolved²¹⁰Pb may migrate from locations with reducing conditions and reprecipitate under more oxic conditions. Indeed, a correlation of Mn and²¹⁰Pb in sediments of Lake Zurich was found.This is the first of a series of papers to be published by this journal following the 20^th anniversary of the first application of²¹⁰Pb dating of lake sediments. Dr P. G. Appleby is guest editing this series.  相似文献