Geodynamic framework of large volcanic fields highlighted by SRTM DEMs: Method evaluation and perspectives exampled on three areas from the Cameroon Volcanic Line     

Collin Nkono  Olivier Fmnias  Daniel Demaiffe 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2009,187(1-2):13-25

This study is a part of a wider investigation to evaluate how much can be learnt by using low-cost methods such as systematic moderate-resolution remote sensing to map and quantify geological structures at the regional scale on very large volcanic provinces only partly studied in the field. Volcanic-centre and cinder-cone distribution, faults and structural lineaments are mapped combining Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and Landsat satellite images. As an example of the method, we present the interpretation of structural data and morphological features of three contrasted areas from the Cameroon Volcanic Line (Tombel graben, Upper Benue valley, and Ngaoundéré area) for which local field studies are available for comparison. At a local scale, this remote-sensing method of mapping displays good to excellent correlations with previously published data and, by itself, it allows one to constrain the structural setting of each area. Numerical treatment of vent and cinder-cone localisation can be related to tension fractures (T direction), whereas numerical treatment of the lineaments constrains the associated fault system to a single transtensional (strike-slip + extension) Riedel type fracture network. The first results on the Cameroon Volcanic Line are promising and could be used at a larger scale on numerous volcanic provinces for which field data are not yet available.  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地二叠纪盆地属性的再认识及其构造意义   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

方世虎  贾承造  郭召杰  宋岩  徐怀民  刘楼军 《地学前缘》2006,13(3):108-121

准噶尔盆地及其邻区野外剖面、钻井剖面的系统对比和地震剖面的精细解释表明,二叠系沉积演化、断裂控制沉积、箕状断-超反射特征及大地构造背景均显示,二叠纪准噶尔盆地是形成于张性背景下的断陷-裂陷盆地。准噶尔盆地及邻区火山岩地化特征、年代学数据及区域构造研究成果也证明,二叠纪是张性的大地构造背景。早二叠世—中二叠世早期以发育冲积扇沉积为特征,各构造部位的沉积环境差异较大,强烈断陷并逐渐形成坳隆相间的沉积格局,为断陷盆地的裂陷期;中二叠统中晚期由早二叠世隆坳分割的局面逐渐转化为统一的大型内陆湖盆,吐哈盆地与准噶尔盆地水体相通,形成统一的沉积体系,为断陷盆地扩张期;晚二叠世时期以出现冲积-河流相红色粗碎屑沉积为特征,准噶尔盆地和吐哈盆地分割自成沉积体系,是断陷盆地的萎缩期。因此,中生代盆地演化是建立在二叠纪张性背景的基础之上,二叠纪断陷-裂陷盆地的提出对重新认识中生代盆地演化历程将具有重要启示意义,也将对今后的油气勘探具有重要指导意义,值得进一步研究。  相似文献   

西藏错那—沃卡裂谷带中段邛多江地堑晚新生代正断层作用   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

吴中海  张永双  胡道功  赵希涛  叶培盛 《地质力学学报》2007,13(4):297-306

遥感解译和地表调查结果显示, 位于西藏曲松县境内的邛多江盆地构成了藏南近南北向裂谷带最东端的错那-沃卡裂谷的中段。它是在该区近东西向逆冲构造带停止活动之后, 上地壳沿N108～115°E方向发生引张作用所形成的第四纪半地堑式断陷盆地。控制晚第四纪盆地发育的主边界正断裂带位于盆地西缘, 总体呈NNE走向, 向东倾, 长40 km左右。断裂活动位移测量和年代学测试结果表明, 该边界正断层带在5Ma左右就已开始活动, 总累计垂直位移量至少为2.6～2.8 km, 最小长期平均垂直活动速率约0.5mm/a。末次冰期盛冰期以来, 该断裂平均活动速率的最合理的估计值为1.2 ±0.6 mm/a。   相似文献   

Volcanic history and tectonics of the Southwest Japan Arc   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hiroki Kamata and  Kazuto Kodama 《Island Arc》1999,8(3):393-403

Abstract Remarkable changes in volcanism and tectonism have occurred in a synchronous manner since 1.5–2 Ma at the junction of the Southwest Japan Arc and the Ryukyu Arc. Although extensive volcanism occurred in Kyushu before 2 Ma, the subduction-related volcanism started at ca 1.5 Ma, forming a NE–SW trend volcanic front, preceded by significant changes in whole-rock chemistry and mode of eruptions at ca 2 Ma. The Median Tectonic Line has intensified dextral motion since 2 Ma, with a northward shift of its active trace of as much as 10 km, accompanied by the formation of rhomboidal basins in Central Kyushu. Crustal rotation and incipient rifting has also occurred in South Kyushu and the northern Okinawa Trough over the past 2 million years. We emphasize that the commencement age of these events coincides with that of the transition to the westward convergence of the Philippine Sea plate, which we interpret as a primary cause of these synchronous episodes. We assume that the shift in subduction direction led to an increase of fluid component contamination from subducted oceanic slab, which then produced island-arc type volcanism along the volcanic front. Accelerated trench retreat along the Ryukyu Trench may have caused rifting and crustal rotation in the northern Ryukyu Arc.  相似文献   

吉林省舒兰盆地第三系沉积与聚煤特征     

尹德顺  闫伟 《世界地质》1999,18(4):47-52

舒兰第三系含煤盆地是受依－伊地堑控制形成的半地堑式线型盆地,充填有古新世－中新世地层,其地层构造格架,沉积特征均具典型的陆相断陷盆地特点。盆地沉积经历了初始断陷－裂陷扩大－萎缩等８个构造沉积演化阶段。含煤地层主要为舒兰组,具有湖前和湖后两个聚煤期。聚煤环境主要为河流洪积平原的三角洲,扇前湿地环境。  相似文献   

伊通地堑岔路河断陷储层成岩演化史与成岩模式   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏忠元  姚光庆  何生  周锋德  赵志魁  江涛  苗洪波 《地球科学》2008,33(2):227-234

依据岔路河断陷大量的岩心、薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射等资料, 详细研究了岔路河地区储集层特征及成岩作用类型.按照成岩阶段划分标准, 将成岩阶段分为早成岩A期和B期, 晚成岩A期和B期, 其中晚成岩A期又分为A1和A2两个亚期; 运用BasinMod软件对主要构造部位进行埋藏史和热史的分析, 并结合孔隙演化史的研究, 分析了储层成岩演化过程, 结果显示, 在30Ma以前, 储层以压实和胶结作用为主, 下部的双阳组和奢岭组孔隙度从32%左右下降至15%左右, 上部的永吉组和万昌组孔隙度从32%左右下降至20%左右.在30~10Ma, 各地层都沉降至最大埋深, 较深部的双阳组和奢岭组砂岩中长石大量溶解, 孔隙度增加至18%左右, 为油气储存提供了良好的孔隙空间, 永吉组和万昌组孔隙度变化不大.在充分考虑了岔路河地区的埋藏史、有机质热演化史、成岩作用演化史以及岩石类型与沉积相等影响因素的基础上, 建立了该断陷的3种成岩模式: 冲积扇成岩模式、扇三角洲成岩模式和半深湖-深湖相成岩模式.   相似文献   

内蒙古二连断陷盆地陡带区地球物理响应及地震采集关键参数研究     

王晓东 《地质与勘探》2024,60(3):530-538

断陷盆地陡带区多沉积于湖盆的边界同生断层一侧,具有山高坡陡、近物源、沉积速度快的特点,多发育有冲积扇、近岸水下扇或扇三角洲,在地震相上多表现为楔形杂乱相、 楔形空白相。本文所述内蒙古二连断陷盆地探区的陡带区沉积大量厚度大、延伸长、无分选的粗细混合碎屑物质,造成地震资料存在能量弱、信噪比低、成像差的问题。为有效改善陡带区地震资料品质难以满足地质需求的问题,本文在对大量陡带区地震资料的分析,在充分分析陡带区沉积模式基础上完成了断陷盆地陡带区地球物理建模以及地球物理响应论证。认为大量的粗碎屑物质未经分选、快速沉积是导致断陷盆地陡带区地震采集资料反射能量弱、资料信噪比低、成像困难的直接原因。据此,通过充分的理论论证、模拟以及实际资料验证,推荐断陷盆地陡带区地震资料采集时采用较高的覆盖次数、相对适中的面元、较宽方位和适宜的炮检距。该成果可为类似地区的地震勘探提供参考借鉴。  相似文献   

Spatial distribution and livelihood effects of debris cones at the western Afar Rift Valley margin,northern Ethiopia     

Hailemariam Meaza  Belete Fentaye  Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes Asfaha  Jean Poesen  Amaury Frankl  Biadgilgn Demissie 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2020,74(2):88-104

  相似文献   

Late Cenozoic polyphase deformation and basin development,Kütahya region,western Turkey     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(12):1401-1418

The Neogene–Quaternary succession in the Kütahya region is of importance in the neotectonic evolution of western Anatolia because the strata contain clear evidence of compression and extension. During the early-middle Miocene, N–S compression/transpression as well as NE–SW- and NW–SE-oriented oblique conjugate faults formed. NE–SW-oriented horsts and grabens developed, controlled by the dominant NE–SW faults. The Seyitömer and Sabuncup?nar grabens were filled primarily by terrestrial clastic sedimentary and volcanic rocks. At the end of the middle Miocene, the graben fill was locally folded and reverse faulted, reflecting reactivation of compression. Between the late Miocene and the middle Pliocene, the region underwent erosion and lacustrine sediments accumulated in topographic lows. Between the middle and late Pliocene, compression in the region was again reactivated and basal units were thrust over the pre-upper Pliocene units. The late Plio-Quaternary marked the onset of N–S extension and development of the NW–SE-oriented Kütahya Graben, co-genetic equivalents of which are common throughout western Anatolia. This study indicates that tectonic evolution of western Anatolia involved multiple stages of contraction and extension.  相似文献   

The Denizli graben-horst system and the eastern limit of western Anatolian continental extension: basin fill,structure, deformational mode,throw amount and episodic evolutionary history,SW Turkey     

《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(3-4):167-208

The Denizli graben-horst system (DGHS) is located at the eastern-southeastern converging tips of three well-identified major grabens, the Gediz, the Küçük Menderes and the Büyük Menderes grabens, in the west Anatolian extensional province. It forms a structural link between these grabens and the other three NE-NW-trending grabens—the Çivril, the Ac?göl and the Burdur grabens—comprising the western limb of the Isparta Angle. Therefore, the DGHS has a critical role in the evolutionary history of continental extension and its eastward continuation in southwestern Turkey, including western Anatolia, west-central Anatolia, and the Isparta Angle. The DGHS is a 7-28-km wide, 62-km long, actively growing and very young rift developed upon metamorphic rocks of both the Menderes Massif and the Lycian nappes, and their Oligocene-Lower Miocene cover sequence. It consists of one incipient major graben, one modern major graben, two sub-grabens and two intervening sub-horsts evolved on the four palaeotectonic blocks. Therefore, the DGHS displays different trends along its length, namely, NW, E-W, NE and again E-W.

The DGHS has evolved episodically rather than continuously. This is indicated by a series of evidence: (1) it contains two graben infills, the ancient graben infill and the modern graben infill, separated by an intervening angular unconformity; (2) the ancient graben infill consists of two Middle Miocene-Middle Pliocene sequences of 660 m thickness accumulated in a fluvio-lacustrine depositional setting under the control of first NNW-SSE- and later NNE-SSW-directed extension (first-stage extension), and deformed (folded and strike-slip faulted) by a NNE-SSW- to ENE-WSW-directed phase of compression in the latest Middle Pliocene, whereas the modern graben infill consists of 350-m thick, undeformed (except for local areas against the margin-bounding active faults), nearly flat-lying fanapron deposits and travertines of Plio-Quaternary age; (3) the ancient graben infill is confined not only to the interior of the graben but is also exposed well outside and farther away from the graben, whereas the modern graben infill is restricted to only the interior of the graben. These lines of evidence imply an episodic, two-stage extensional evolutionary history interrupted by an intervening compressional episode for the DGHS.

Both the southern and northern margin-bounding faults of the DGHS are oblique-slip normal faults with minor right- and/or left-lateral strike-slip components. They are mapped and classified into six categories, and named the Babada?, Honaz, A?a??da?dere, Küçükmal?da?, Pamukkale and Kaleköy fault zones, and composed of 0.5-36-km long fault segments linked by a number of relay ramps. Total throw amounts accumulated on both the northern and southern margin-bounding faults are 1,050 m and 2,080 m, respectively. In addition, the maximum width of the DGHS and the thickness of the crust beneath it are more or less same (~ 28 km). The total of these values indicate a vertical slip rate of 0.15-0.14 mm/year and averaging 7% extension for the asymmetrical DGHS.

The master faults of the Babada?, Honaz, Küçükmal?da?, Pamukkale and Kaleköy fault zones are still active and have a potential seismicity with magnitudes 6 or higher. This is indicated by both the historical (1703 and 1717 seismic events) to recent (1965, 1976, 2000 seismic events) earthquakes sourced from margin-bounding faults and some diagnostic morphotectonic features, such as deflected drainage system, degraded alluvial fans with apices adjacent to fault traces, back-tilting of fault-bounded blocks, and actively growing travertine occurrences. The kinematic analyses of main fault-slip-plane data, Upper Quaternary fissure ridges and focal-mechanism solutions of some destructive earthquakes clearly indicate that the current continental extension (second-stage extension) by normal faulting in the DGHS continues in a (mean) 026° to 034° (NNE-SSW) direction.

Detailed and recent field geological mapping, stratigraphy of the Miocene-Quaternary basins, palaeostress analysis of fault populations and main margin-bounding faults of these basins, extensional gashes to fissures, and focal-mechanism solutions of destructive earth-quakes that have occurred in last century strongly indicate that extension is not unidirectional and confined only to western Anatolia, but also continues farther east across the Isparta Angle and west-central Anatolia, up to the Salt Lake fault zone in the east and the inönü-Eski?ehir fault zone in the north-northeast. Therefore, the term “southwest Turkey extensional province” is proposed in lieu of the term “west Anatolian extensional province”.  相似文献