Fault population investigation and estimating magnitude of extension in Guma Graben, Central Afar, Ethiopia     

Samson Tesfaye   《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2005,41(5):437-444

Extension in the Afar depression occurs on steeply dipping normal faults of many scales. An estimate for cumulative extension can be derived by summing the heave of these faults using digital topographic data, supplemented by field observations of fault dip. If it can be established that the distribution of faults exhibits self-similarity, an estimate of the contribution from faults too small to appear on the digital imagery can be incorporated into the integrated estimate for cumulative extension. A field study of faulting was undertaken within the Dobe and Guma grabens of Central Afar. A fractal dimension of 0.48 was obtained for the measured population of fault throws (n = 92) in 3 traverses totaling 42 km, a value interpreted to represent the dominant contribution to extension from faults with large throw. The local extension rate across Guma graben is estimated to be between 0.06 and 0.24 mm/year. The higher topographic position of the floor of Guma graben, relative to the sediment filled, adjacent floors of Dobe and Immino grabens is perhaps an indication of a slower rate of extension across Guma graben as compared to Dobe and Immino grabens, assuming they all initiated at the same time.  相似文献   

广东梅县嵩溪早侏罗世火山活动及其地质构造与成矿意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑庆年 《矿产与地质》1996,(2)

从熔岩——玄武岩的岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素和锶同位素组成，以及火山旋回中玻璃碎屑岩诸方面特征，详细地研究了下侏罗统含矿层位内海底基性火山活动，阐述矿区玄武岩形成环境为夭折的大陆裂谷前期地壳槽形裂陷地堑系——裂陷槽。并讨论该裂陷槽环境中基性火山活动的银锑成矿意义  相似文献   

Hydrogeological evolution of the Luni river basin,Rajasthan, western India: A review     

V. N. Bajpai 《Journal of Earth System Science》2004,113(3):427-451

The Luni river basin has been evolved as a result of typical hydrogeomorphic processes of arid zone, operating under the influence of active tectonic lineaments. A detailed analysis of stream morphology in relation to geology and lineaments carried out on selected windows indicated the morphological control of the streams while flowing over the lineaments from the eastern to the western part of the basin. Typical valley fills indicated by dark green tone on digitally processed images and the pediments showing greenish white tone appear in sharp contrast and indicate respectively the graben and horst structures. A detailed identification of lineaments for the georesources and geological evaluation has been carried out. Earlier analysis carried out on Bouguer anomalies correlate with graben and horst structures in the subsurface. Quaternary sequences have been dated from 80 ka to 3 ka indicating a range of fluvial to aeolian deposits reflecting prevailing climatic conditions. However, the changes in sediment type from coarse and mixed of all size grades to fine in a vertical litho-column warrant further studies on fine resolution stratigraphy and high resolution stratigraphy for understanding climatic variations in the region  相似文献   

半地堑式断陷盆地的油气成藏模式--以松辽盆地梨树断陷为例   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8  

董清水  赵占银  刘招君  郭巍  黄湘通 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(1):43-47

半地堑式断陷盆地是松辽盆地深部断陷的主要类型，是今后油气勘探重点。以梨树断陷为例，根据半地堑式断陷盆地的构造和层序地层发育特点，针对此类盆地的生储盖组合规律，总结出该类盆地中主要存在有滚动背斜油气藏、断层油气藏、超覆型上倾尖灭岩性油气藏、相变型上倾尖灭岩性油气藏、透镜型岩性油气藏、潜山油气藏等6种类型；探讨了半地堑式断陷盆地的油气成藏模式。  相似文献   

Analysis Method for Predicting Strain in Interior Beds and Sub-Resolution Faults from Area Balance Theory in Extensional Basins   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Groshong Jr R H 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2002,13(4)

Extensional basins include mainly grabens and half grabens displaced along a lower detachment. Based on area balance theory, there is a linear relationship between a height of regional and the lower detachment h on the outside of the basin and “lost area S“ from the regional in the basin. The pre-growth beds above lower detachment are of the same extensional displacement so that an “S-h diagram“ can be used to determine the depth to lower detachment and to calculate the total extensional displacement of the beds above the lower detachment. The extensional displacement is dominated by the heave of various scale normal faults. The displacement of obvious faults can be immediately figured out from the measured bed-length. The requisite extension calculated by area balance is the layer-parallel strain, which could be accommodated by displacement on sub-resolution faults. Accordingly, the layer-parallel strain can help us predict the magnitude and distribution of sub-resolution faults on the basis of analysis of the structural style and rheological behavior.  相似文献   

汾渭地堑的河流阶地对第四纪时期 印度-欧亚板块碰撞带的构造响应   总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1  

孙继敏  许立亮 《第四纪研究》2007,27(1):20-26

秦岭造山带前缘的汾渭地堑是新构造运动非常活跃的地区,地堑内发育了一系列第四纪河流阶地。通过对河流阶地及其沉积物的沉积学、土壤地层学、年代学及形成机制的研究,得到以下认识:渭河地堑发育了5级河流阶地,这些阶地均由底部的河床相和其上的第四纪风成沉积组成,这5级阶地最底部的黄土地层分别是L₃₃,L₁₅,L₉,L₆和L₂。在磁性地层学和气候地层学基础上,通过与深海氧同位素记录的对比,上述黄土层分别对应于深海氧同位素阶段104,36,22,16 和6;阶地年龄分别为2.60Ma,1.20Ma,0.90Ma,0.65Ma和 0.15Ma。新构造作用在渭河地堑的5级河流阶地的形成中起了决定性的作用,汾渭地堑及上述由正断层控制的河流阶地的形成与华北板块内部的NW-SE向地壳拉张密切相关,而后者与印度板块向北俯冲导致扬子板块与华北板块沿秦岭走滑断层的相对运动有直接联系,所以上述阶地的形成时期也正是第四纪时期印度板块向北阶段性俯冲加剧的时期。  相似文献   

西藏桑日县沃卡地堑的第四纪正断层活动及其机制探讨   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

吴中海张永双  胡道功赵希涛 叶培盛 《地质学报》2007,81(10):1328-1337,I0001,I0002

遥感解译和地表调查结果发现,西藏桑日县的沃卡盆地构成了藏南近南北向裂谷带中最东端的错那-沃卡裂谷的北段,它是在该区近东西向的逆冲构造带停止活动之后,上地壳沿N108±1°E方向发生区域性的伸展变形所形成的第四纪活动明显的地堑式断陷盆地。晚第四纪期间,控制该盆地发育的主边界断裂带为整体呈北北东走向、倾向西侧、长50～60km的盆地东缘正断层。该断裂带也是1915年桑日M7.0级地震的控震断裂。断裂活动速率的估算结果表明,该断裂带MIS6以来的垂直活动速率介于0.4～0.9mm/a之间,末次冰期盛冰期以来断裂平均活动速率最合理的估计值为1.2±0.3mm/a。Q3晚期以来活动速率的明显增加可能标志着该断裂带全新世进入了地震丛集期。  相似文献   

青藏高原西南部查孜地区中新世钾质火山岩地球化学及其成因   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

陈建林  许继峰  康志强  王保弟 《地球化学》2007,36(5):437-447

通常认为青藏高原的钾质-超钾质火山岩的形成多与地幔有着紧密的联系,然而最近对青藏高原的一些钾质-超钾质火山岩的研究显示一些钾质火山岩也可以起源于下地壳.青藏高原西南部查孜地区中新世火山岩是形成于13～11 Ma左右的一套钾质-超钾质岩石,根据岩石化学组成将其分为中基性火山岩组、中性火山岩组和流纹质火山岩.其中中基性火山岩组可能源于一个富含金云母的富集地幔源区;中性火山岩组可能是富钾的镁铁质下地壳部分熔融的产物;流纹质火山岩可能是拉萨地块在中新世时期的伸展构造运动而导致中上地壳因减压而发生部分熔融的产物.结合查孜地区及其邻近火山岩的年龄、化学组成以及岩浆组合,初步认为查孜地区火山岩可能与高原在中新世发生伸展活动而产生的南北向地堑系统有关.  相似文献   

Late Cenozoic Normal Faulting on the Western Side of Wenquan Graben, Central Qianghai-Xizang(Tibet) Plateau     

Wu Zhonghai 《中国地震研究》2005,19(2):152-169

INTRODUCTION ThesustainedcollisionoftheIndiaplateintotheEurasiaplatesince50MaBPgaverisetotheintenseCenozoictectonicdeformationandupliftingofmountainsintheQinghai Xizang(Tibet)Plateauanditsvicinityandhadafar reachingimpactonthegeomorphicpatternsandenvironm…  相似文献   

应用震源机制解分析依兰-伊通地堑北段现代构造应力场   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张凤鸣  许晓艳  刘铁军  张世忠  孙文彬 《东北地震研究》2005,21(4):15-22

应用震源机制解分析了依兰-伊通地堑断裂北段的汤原-萝北段的构造活动和现代构造应力场,结果表明:区域构造活动受地堑构造控制,NW向断裂是区内主要的发震构造,震源机制主压应力轴优势分布方向为NE50°~70°,仰角40°~60°。  相似文献