High-pressure partial melting of gabbro and its role in the Hawaiian magma source     

G. M. Yaxley  A. V. Sobolev 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,154(4):371-383

We have conducted high-pressure experiments on a natural oceanic gabbro composition (Gb108). Our aim was to test recent proposals that Sr-enrichment in rare primitive melt inclusions from Mauna Loa, Hawaii, may have resulted from melting of garnet pyroxenite formed in the magma source regions by reaction of peridotite with siliceous, Sr-enriched partial melts of eclogite of gabbroic composition. Gb108 is a natural, Sr-enriched olivine gabbro, which has a strong positive Sr anomaly superimposed on an overall depleted incompatible trace element pattern, reflecting its origin as a plagioclase-rich cumulate. At high pressures it crystallises as a coesite eclogite assemblage, with the solidus between 1,300 and 1,350°C at 3.5 GPa and 1,450 and 1,500°C at 4.5 GPa. Clinopyroxenes contain 4–9% Ca-eskolaite component, which varies systematically with pressure and temperature. Garnets are almandine and grossular-rich. Low degree partial melts are highly siliceous in composition, resembling dacites. Coesite is eliminated between 50 and 100°C above the solidus. The whole-rock Sr-enrichment is primarily hosted by clinopyroxene. This phase dominates the mode (>75 wt%) at all investigated PT conditions, and is the major contributor to partial melts of this eclogite composition. Hence the partial melts have trace element patterns sub-parallel to those of clinopyroxene with ≈10× greater overall abundances and with strong positive Sr anomalies. Recent studies of primitive Hawaiian volcanics have suggested the incorporation into their source regions of eclogite, formerly gabbroic material recycled through the mantle at subduction zones. The models suggest that formerly gabbroic material, present as eclogite in the Hawaiian plume, partially melted earlier than surrounding peridotite (i.e. at higher pressure) because of the lower solidus temperature of eclogite compared with peridotite. This produced highly siliceous melts which reacted with surrounding peridotite producing hybrid pyroxene + garnet lithologies. The Sr-enriched nature of the formerly plagioclase-rich gabbro was present in the siliceous partial melts, as demonstrated by these experiments, and was transferred to the reactive pyroxenite. These in turn partially melted, producing Sr-enriched picritic liquids which mixed with normal picritic partial melts of peridotite before eruption. On rare occasions these mixed, relatively Sr-rich melts were trapped as melt inclusions in primitive olivine phenocrysts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Partial melting in the Inzie Head gneisses: the role of water and a petrogenetic grid in KFMASH applicable to anatectic pelitic migmatites   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

T. E. Johnson  N. F. C. Hudson  G. T. R. Droop 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2001,19(1):99-118

A sequence of prograde isograds is recognized within the Dalradian Inzie Head gneisses where pelitic compositions have undergone variable degrees of partial melting via incongruent melting reactions consuming biotite. Three leucosome types are identified. At the lowest grades, granitic leucosomes containing porphyroblasts of cordierite (CRD‐melt) are abundant. At intermediate grades, CRD‐melt mingles with garnetiferous leucosomes (GT‐melt). At the highest grades, CRD‐melt coexists with orthopyroxene‐bearing leucosomes (OPX‐melt), while garnet is conspicuously absent. The prograde metamorphic field gradient is constrained to pressures of 2–3 kbar below the CRD‐melt isograd, and no greater than 4.5 kbar at the highest grade around Inzie Head. A petrogenetic grid, calculated using thermocalc , is presented for the K₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O (KFMASH) system for the phases orthopyroxene, garnet, cordierite, biotite, sillimanite, H₂O and melt with quartz and K‐feldspar in excess. For the implied field gradient, the reaction sequence predicted by the grid is consistent with the successive prograde development of each leucosome type. Compatibility diagrams suggest that, as anatexis proceeded, bulk compositions may have been displaced towards higher MgO content by the removal of (relatively) ferroan granitic leucosome. An isobaric (P = 4 kbar) T–a_H2O diagram shows that premigmatization fluids must have been water‐rich (a_H2O > 0.85) and suggests that, following the formation of small volumes of CRD‐melt, the system became fluid‐absent and melting reactions buffered a_H2O to lower values as temperatures rose. GT‐ and OPX‐melt formed by fluid‐absent melting reactions, but a maximum of 7–11% CRD‐melt fraction can be generated under fluid‐absent conditions, much less than the large volumes observed in the field. There is strong evidence that the CRD‐melt leucosomes could not have been derived by buoyantly aided upwards migration from levels beneath the migmatites. Their formation therefore required a significant influx of H₂O‐rich fluid, but in a quantity insufficient to have exhausted the buffering capacity of the solid assemblage plus melt. Fluid : rock ratios cannot have exceeded 1 : 30. The fluid was channelled through a regionally extensive shear zone network following melt‐induced failure. Such an influx of fluid at such depths has obvious consequences for localized crustal magma production and possibly for cordierite‐bearing granitoids in general.  相似文献   

上地幔流体的性质和作用——从女山幔源二辉橄榄岩捕虏体获得的证据   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

夏林圻  夏祖春  张诚 《西北地质科学》1992,(2)

玄武岩浆从地幔深处挟带上来的超镁铁质捕虏体含有地幔流体的直接证据,它们对于阐明地幔深部地质作用(部分熔融作用、地幔交代作用)的机制十分重要。女山幔源二辉橄榄岩的研究结果表明,初始的地幔流体除富含CO_2外,尚含有H_2O和少量CO、CH_4、SO_2、C1、F。地幔中的初始流体(挥发组分)在源部是溶解于地幔橄揽岩的高压固体矿物相中,它们在地幔上隆减压时出溶,形成细小的最早期流体包裹体。这些自由流体相在一定部应聚集,使得地幔固相线(和液相线)下降,引起上地幔发生减压部分熔融。初始的部分熔融主要发生于矿物边界,以单斜辉石最易遭受,形成矿物边缘的海绵状部分熔融带。当地幔剪切流动时,初始的部分熔融体珠滴联合成大的珠滴,并开始渗透,在变形橄榄岩中相连成脉状网络,晚期含C0_2岩浆包裹体及填隙玻璃即为其代表。由于剪裂作用,熔体(和流体)压裂开上覆橄榄岩,产生岩墙状通道,并在上地幔的某些低压区聚集成岩浆库。流体和熔体均为地幔交代作用的介质。在流体参与下,上地幔低度部分熔融产生的熔体将高度富集不相容元素。这些熔体和流体与亏损地幔间的相互作用,可以带来不相容元素重大的局部富集。当流体(和熔体)中H_2O浓度低时,仅发生隐交代作用;当H_2O浓度较高时,部分熔融程度也较高,相应有含水相(如角闪石等)成核,出现矿物交代作用。  相似文献   

中国东部新生代火山岩的地质特征及火山作用发育的某些共同规律   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

李有柱 《矿物岩石》1995,15(3):1-7

中国东部从黑龙江到海南岛的广大范围内新生代玄武岩广泛发育。根据构造关系笔者把本区划分为三个部分：北、中和南构造地块。新生代火山作用在时空上表现出明显的分带。从老到新，火山作用演化的特点是ＳｉＯ２饱和程度减少，碱金属和镁含量增加。从南构造地块到北构造地块出现的玄武岩各具特色。从东南沿海向西北方向，即从东南沿海断裂经长白山－郯庐断裂到大兴安岭－太行山断裂方向，是地壳厚度增加的方向，新生代火山活动的演化  相似文献   

The Evolution of Alpine Ultramafic Rocks and Partial Melting of the Upper Mantle     

Bao Peisheng  Wang Xibin  Hao Ziguo  Peng Genyong Institute of Geology  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Beijing Fei Zhenbi 《《地质学报》英文版》1993,67(1)

Ultramafic rocks of Tibet and Xinjiang are the products of partial melting of the upper mantle. The evolution of their mineral composition is marked by two parallel evolutionary series: one is the progressive increase of the 100 Mg/(Mg+Fe~(2+) ratio of silicate minerals in order of lherzolite→harzburgite→dunite, i.e. the increase in magnesium; the other is the increase of the 100 Cr/(Cr+Al) ratio of accessory chrome spinel in the same order, i. e. the increase in Chromium. The above-mentioned evolutionary trends are contrary to that of magmatic differentiation. The evolution of fabrics of ultramafic rocks is characterized by progressive variation in order of protogranular texture→melted residual texture, symplectic texture and clastophyritic texture→equigranular mosaic texture and tabular mosaic texture. Experiments of partial melting of lherzolite have convincingly shown that the evolution of Alpine ultramafic rocks resulted from the partial melting of pyrolite. Various subtypes of them represent different degrees of partial melting. The vertical zoning marked by more basic rocks in the upper part and more acid rocks in the lower actually belongs to the fusion zoning of pyrolite.  相似文献   

祁连山蛇绿岩型超镁铁岩铬铁矿床成矿的主要特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

苟国朝  田培昭等 《甘肃地质》1993,2(1):35-45

祁连山造山带目前已发现不同规模的超镁铁岩体（群）1000余个,产有铬铁矿床（点）和矿化点80余处,这些岩体及其矿产主要产在北祁连优地斜增生地体边部的海沟带中,少数产在祁连中间地块的边部。岩体成因类型为蛇绿岩组合中的超镁铁质单元,铬铁矿的富集部位是地幔橄榄岩和堆积杂岩带底部的纯橄榄岩。岩石多为铝过饱和系列,岩体的平均化学成分接近于斜辉橄榄岩;Cr₂0₃的平均含量大于0.40％,Al₂0₃的平均含量近于或者大于1％。铬尖晶石的化学参数特征反映出低铁富镁的介质对形成富铬尖晶石是有利的。富铬岩体中Cr、Co、Ti、V的含量较高。  相似文献   

Anhydrous and water-saturated melting experiments of an olivine andesite from Mt Yakushi-Yama, northeastern Shikoku, Japan     

Toshisuke  Kawasaki Koji  Okusako Toshihiro  Nishiyama 《Island Arc》1993,2(4):228-237

Abstract Melting experiments have been carried out on an olivine andesite of Mt Yakushi-Yama from the Miocene Setouchi volcanic belt in northeastern Shikoku, Japan. This andesite has been characterized by a low ratio of FeO*/Mg° (= 0.78). Phase relations have been determined within the pressure range of 2.8 to 19.3 kbar at 1000-1300°C under anhydrous and water-saturated conditions. At pressures less than 8.8 kbar, olivine is a liquidus phase. Orthopyroxene appears on the liquidus at 9.3 kbar under the anhydrous conditions. The multiple saturation point rises up to 17.5 kbar for water-saturated experiments. The andesite melt coexists with olivine and orthopyroxene just below the liquidus at 8.8–9.3 kbar and 1230°C for dry conditions, and at 17.5 kbar and 1060°C under water-saturated conditions. These experimental results indicate that the Yakushi-Yama olivine andesite magma could coexist with a harzburgitic mantle at depths between about 30 and 60 km, and at temperatures between 1060 and 1230°C. Experimental data also suggest a possibility that a high magnesian andesite magma would be generated by a direct partial melting of the uppermost harzburgitic mantle under anhydrous conditions.  相似文献   

初冬青藏高原冻土过程的数值模拟   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

张艳武  吕世华  李栋梁  黄静 《高原气象》2003,22(5):471-477

利用改进了的加进NCAR陆面过程(LSM)的NCAR MM5大气模式中的土壤冻融过程参数化方案和2001年10月2～30日的NCEP再分析资料,对青藏铁路沿线区域进行数值模拟试验。在新方案中改进了土壤径流和土壤渗透影响土壤层的水文过程,增加了对土壤含冰量的求解,较真实地反映了土壤的冻融过程。模拟结果表明,改进土壤冻融过程方案后,模式对地温、地面通量的模拟有一定的改进,能够反映土壤冻结初期陆面要素场的变化。  相似文献   

青藏高原北缘红柳峡富锆安山岩脉的成因：钙长石分离结晶作用和锆石的异常溶解   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

曾令森杨经绥  李海兵 《中国地质》2006,33(2):326-331

在阿尔金走滑断裂与祁连山北缘逆冲断裂带交汇的酒西盆地出露年龄约为85Ma的富锆安山岩脉,切割年龄大约为105Ma的基性熔岩(粗面玄武岩和玄武安粗岩)。这条安山岩脉具有十分特殊的地球化学特征,具体表现为 (1)强烈过碱性,Na2O K2O达11．8％,A／CNK比值为0．5540;(2)强烈富集高场强元素(HFSE),如Zr(1421μg／g),Hf (26．4μg/g),Y(48．2μg/g),Nb(104．0μg/g),Ta(8．5μg/g)等;(3)明显的Ce正异常;(4)近平直的MREE和HREE稀土配分模式;(5)与基性熔岩相似的初始Sr但明显较低的Nd同位素比值(大于28εNd单位)。这些差异性不仅反映了它们各自源区地球化学特征的差异性,而且反映了部分熔融和岩浆后期演化过程中主要矿物和副矿物溶解或结晶行为的差异性。分析表明,钙长石的结晶分离作用和部分熔融过程中锆石溶解程度的升高是导致该岩脉异常地球化学特征的主控因素。该岩脉所揭示的地球化学过程有助于解译青藏高原内部中生代以来的相似中酸性碱性火山岩的成因。  相似文献   

折多山花岗岩时代、成因及其动力学意义   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9  

刘树文  王宗起  闫全人  李秋根  张德惠  王建国 《岩石学报》2006,22(2):343-352

沿鲜水河断裂分布的折多山花岗岩由早期的中细粒花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和略晚的主体似斑状二长花岗岩、少量的伟晶岩和细晶岩构成。早期中细粒二长花岗岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素定年表明其侵位结晶于18±0．3Ma,使折多山花岗岩岩浆侵位结晶年龄和鲜水河断裂开始活动的时间提前近6Ma。岩石中保存有818±47Ma和156±8Ma的继承锆石．表明存在扬子西缘元古宙和中生代陆壳物质的再循环。在K_2O对SiO_2分类图上,早期的中细粒花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩落在钙碱性系列区域,似斑状二长花岗岩落在橄榄玄粗岩系列区域,两个系列岩石总体上为铝饱和到过饱和。中细粒花岗闪长岩具有中等的稀土总量(162×10~(-6)～224×10~(-6))、高的(La/Yb)_N(74～118)和明显的正Eu异常,大离子亲石元素富集,Nb、Ta、P和Ti亏损,形成于岛弧钙碱性火山岩低度部分熔融。中细粒二长花岗岩与花岗闪长岩的地球化学特征相似,只是稀土总量和(La/Yb)n较低,形成于杂砂岩部分熔融。主体岩性粗粒似斑状二长花岗岩具有很宽的稀土总量(最高达533×10~(-6)),(La/Yb)_N随着稀土总量增加而增加(最高达523),明显负Eu异常,大粒子亲石元素强烈富集,Nb、Ta、Sr、P和Ti亏损,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_0=0．7084～0．7133,ε_(Nd)(t)=-5．67～-8．69,形成于元古代上部陆壳物质—砂页岩的较低程度的部分熔融。各类岩石的地球化学特征表明,部分熔融源区的物质组成继承了元古代大陆边缘的某些地球化学特性,经历了高压变质作用,部分熔融残留相主要为石榴石等。部分熔融过程发生于鲜水河断裂早期活动的剪切熔融过程,岩浆作用之前可能发生过强烈挤压而产生了高压变质作用。  相似文献