大别造山带上部地壳结构的有限差分层析成像   总被引：33，自引：7，他引：33       下载免费PDF全文

王椿镛  张先康 《地球物理学报》1997,40(4):495-502

将有限差分层析反演方法用于大别造山带人工地震测深剖面上部地壳初至波的走时层析成像，得到这一剖面上部地壳横向不均匀结构图像表明，在南大别地区的超高压变质带发现榴辉岩相岩石，其下方3km深度以内的基底仍具有大陆地壳构造中正常的结晶基底速度（6．00km／s左右）；北大别地区在整个上地壳保持正常的速度，而在超高压带下方3km深度以下为6．20-630km／s的相对高速异常区，这一现象可能与超高压变质岩的含量增大有关．同时还表明，南大别和北大别之间至少在上地壳已有明显差异，它们之间的水吼一五河断裂可能是大别造山带内部的主要构造分界线．  相似文献   

云南岩石圈热结构   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

周真恒  邓万明 《中国地震》1997,13(3):213-222

本文探讨了云南深部热流及岩石圈地温分布的横向变化特征，并将岩石圈热结构概括为３种类型；典型现代构造活动区热结构，中间过渡型地质区热结构和稳定地质区热结构。最后，简单讨论了地热与地震活动的关系。  相似文献   

深部热流体上涌对天水强震区深部发震环境形成演化过程的影响作用          下载免费PDF全文

施锦  刘耀炜  高安泰 《地震工程学报》2004,26(3):255-259

通过与肯尼亚Gregory地堑的深部构造的对比分析，本研究了天水强震区深部发震环境的形成演化过程及其主要特征，探讨了深部热流体上涌在该地区深部发震环境形成演化过程中所起的重要作用，为进一步研究该地区前兆形成机理打下基础。  相似文献   

宁南深层岩溶地下水系统三维数值模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李向全  侯新伟  张莉 《地球科学进展》2004,(Z1)

宁南“南北古脊梁”岩溶裂隙水系统的储水空间以岩溶裂隙为主,岩溶水的空间分布明显受南北向大型断裂构造控制。根据水动力场和水化学场特征,划分了3个相对独立的岩溶水子系统。通过三维数值模拟计算,确定了马渠—洪河岩溶水子系统天然资源量和可开采资源量,为本区的地下水合理开发利用提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

欧亚大陆及西太平洋边缘海岩石圈结构   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

朱介寿  曹家敏  蔡学林  严忠琼 《地球科学进展》2004,19(3):387-392

根据欧亚大陆及西太平洋地区天然地震、人工地震及其他地学资料，采用多学科多手段进行综合反演，建立欧亚大陆及西太平洋边缘海岩石圈模型，对欧亚大陆及西太平洋边缘海岩石圈软流圈结构进行研究。探讨欧亚大陆及西太平洋边缘海板块结构及深部动力学问题。  相似文献   

Formation and shortening deformation of a back-arc rift basin revealed by deep seismic profiling, central Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hiroshi Sato  Takaya Iwasaki  Shinji Kawasaki  Yasutaka Ikeda  Nobuhisa Matsuta  Tetsuya Takeda  Naoshi Hirata  Taku Kawanaka   《Tectonophysics》2004,388(1-4):47

The northern Fossa Magna (NFM) basin is a Miocene rift system produced in the final stages of the opening of the Sea of Japan. It divides the major structure of Japan into two regions, with north-trending geological structures to the NE of the basin and EW trending structures to the west of the basin. The Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line (ISTL) bounds the western part of the northern Fossa Magna and forms an active fault system that displays one of the largest slip rates (4–9 mm/year) in the Japanese islands. Deep seismic reflection and refraction/wide-angle reflection profiling were undertaken in 2002 across the northern part of ISTL in order to delineate structures in the crust, and the deep geometry of the active fault systems. The seismic images are interpreted based on the pattern of reflectors, the surface geology and velocities derived from refraction analysis. The 68-km-long seismic section suggests that the Miocene NFM basin was formed by an east dipping normal fault with a shallow flat segment to 6 km depth and a deeper ramp penetrating to 15 km depth. This low-angle normal fault originated as a comparatively shallow brittle/ductile detachment in a high thermal regime present in the Miocene. The NFM basin was filled by a thick (>6 km) accumulation of sediments. Shortening since the late Neogene is accommodated along NS to NE–SE trending thrust faults that previously accommodated extension and produce fault-related folds on their hanging wall. Based on our balanced geologic cross-section, the total amount of Miocene extension is ca. 42 km and the total amount of late Neogene to Quaternary shortening is ca. 23 km.  相似文献   

Microcrack networks in granite affected by a fault zone: Visualization by confocal laser scanning microscopy     

Celia T. Onishi  Ichiko Shimizu   《Journal of Structural Geology》2005,27(12):170

Microcracks in the Cretaceous Ryoke-type granite in Japan were investigated by using deep drilling core samples collected in the Mizunami Underground Research Project of the Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC). The granite body suffered brittle deformation associated with Tertiary thrust movement. Based on core-scale and microscopic deformation features, the drill core from a depth of 300 to 700 m is divided into four domains, i.e. (A) undeformed granite, (B) granite intruded by cataclastic seams, (C) fractured granite in the fault damage zone, and (D) foliated cataclasite at the fault center. To characterize microcrack geometries in each domain, we employed the impregnation method using a low-viscous acrylic resin doped with fluorescent agents and captured the microcrack images by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The CLSM image in the fault damage zone revealed anisotropic development of microcrack networks related to the fault movement. Both CLSM observation and porosity measurements reveal a drastic increase of micro-pores in the foliated cataclasite, possibly caused by fragmentation, and granulation and crack sealing in the fault zone.  相似文献   

Modelling the Shimokita deep coalbed biosphere over deep geological time: Starvation,stimulation, material balance and population models     

Stephen A. Bowden  Abdalla Y. Mohamed  Ayad N. F. Edilbi  Yu-Shih Lin  Yuki Morono  Kai-Uwe Hinrichs  Fumio Inagaki 《Basin Research》2020,32(5):804-829

Basin models can simulate geological, geochemical and geophysical processes and potentially also the deep biosphere, starting from a burial curve, assuming a thermal history and utilizing other experimentally obtained data. Here, we apply basin modelling techniques to model cell abundances within the deep coalbed biosphere off Shimokita Peninsula, Japan, drilled during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 337. Two approaches were used to simulate the deep coalbed biosphere: (a) In the first approach, the deep biosphere was modelled using a material balance approach that treats the deep biosphere as a carbon reservoir, in which fluxes are governed by temperature-controlled metabolic processes that retain carbon via cell-growth and cell-repair and pass it back via cell-damaging reactions. (b) In the second approach, the deep biosphere was modelled as a microbial community with a temperature-controlled growth ratio and carrying capacity (a limit on the size of the deep biosphere) modulated by diagenetic-processes. In all cases, the biosphere in the coalbeds and adjacent habitat are best modelled as a carbon-limited community undergoing starvation because labile sedimentary organic matter is no longer present and petroleum generation is yet to occur. This state of starvation was represented by the conversion of organic carbon to authigenic carbonate and the formation of kerogen. The potential for the biosphere to be stimulated by the generation of carbon-dioxide from the coal during its transition from brown to sub-bituminous coal was evaluated and a net thickness of 20 m of lignite was found sufficient to support an order of magnitude greater number of cells within a low-total organic carbon (TOC) horizon. By comparison, the stimulation of microbial populations in a coalbed or high-TOC horizon would be harder to detect because the increase in population size would be proportionally very small.  相似文献   

The use of microstructures for discriminating turbiditic and hemipelagic muds and mudstones          下载免费PDF全文

Yoshihiro Kase  Makoto Ito  Ken Ikehara  Shigeru Takizawa 《Sedimentology》2016,63(7):2066-2086

The microstructures of turbiditic and hemipelagic muds and mudstones were investigated using a scanning electron microscope to determine whether there are microstructural features that can differentiate turbiditic from hemipelagic sedimentary processes. Both types of muddy deposits are, in general, characterized by randomly‐oriented clay particles. However, turbiditic muds and mudstones also characteristically contain aggregates of ‘edge‐to‐face’ contacts between clay particles with long‐axis lengths of up to 30 μm. Based on observations of the clay fabric of the experimentally‐formed muds settled from previously agitated muddy fluids, these types of aggregates, hereafter referred to as ‘aggregates of clay particles’, are interpreted as having been formed by the collision of component flocs in turbulent fluids. Furthermore, some aggregates of clay particles have ‘face‐to‐face’ contacts between clay particles; this is similar to face‐to‐face aggregates characteristically developed in fluid‐mud deposits that are commonly recognized only in turbiditic mudstones, indicating the possibility of a final stage of deposition under highly‐dense conditions, such as temporary fluid muds. In conjunction with earlier proposed lithofacies‐based and ichnofacies‐based criteria, aggregates of clay particles should be useful for the differentiation of turbiditic and hemipelagic muddy deposits, particularly with limited volumes of non‐oriented samples from deep‐water successions.  相似文献   

中国及周边海域对流云团的水平和垂直尺度   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢志贤  李昀英  方乐锌 《气象学报》2016,74(6):935-946

利用2007年1月-2010年12月CloudSat-CALIPSO二级云产品2B-CLDCLASS-LIDAR,统计中国及其周边海域对流云的发生频率,根据对流云发生频率的分布特征将中国及周边海域划分为青藏高原（TP）、东部陆地（EC）、南部海域（SO）和西北太平洋（WP）4个子区域,并研究了4个子区域积云团和深对流云团的水平尺度和垂直尺度。统计结果表明,海洋积云团的水平尺度约为2 km,陆地积云团的水平尺度约为1 km,海洋下垫面热力性质均匀,积云团尺度更大;陆地下垫面非均匀性强,积云团分布更为零散。深对流云团的水平尺度为10-50 km,东部陆地最大,约为45 km,西北太平洋最小,约为30 km。陆地深对流云团水平尺度较海洋上大,且多尺度特征显著,应该与深对流云发生的复杂天气背景有关。积云团的垂直尺度范围为0.24-2 km,4个区域无明显差异。垂直尺度海洋深对流云团大于陆地云团,其中在南部海域地区最大,约为15 km,青藏高原最小,约为10 km。与陆地云团相比,海洋深对流云团表现为水平尺度更小、垂直尺度更大的中尺度对流体特征。   相似文献