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91.
92.
深俯冲和折返动力学:来自中国大陆科学钻探主孔及苏鲁超高压变质带的制约 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
中国大陆科学钻探工程和苏鲁高压-超高压变质带为大陆岩石圈的深俯冲与折返动力学的研究提供了以下制约:(1)苏鲁高压/超高压变质地体迭置于南、北苏鲁两个不同时代及属性的基底之上;(2)苏鲁巨量表壳岩石深俯冲至200km以下的上地幔深度,并经历超高压变质作用;(3)根据不同类型超高压变质岩石锆石的SHRIMP-U/Pb原位精确定年,获得超高压变质岩石的深俯冲-折返全过程(240~252Ma→230~237Ma→207~218Ma)时限.并建立了新的深俯冲-折返全过程的P-T-t轨迹;(4)富钛铁的辉长岩在大陆地壳的深俯冲过程中,经历了超高压变质作用并转变成了富含金红石的榴辉岩,形成了超高压变质的钛矿床;(5)通过榴辉岩和石榴石橄榄岩的显微构造分析及石榴石、绿辉石和橄榄石EBSD测量,确定深俯冲过程中绿辉石和橄榄石的组构运动学和流变学特征;(6)在大陆的深俯冲过程中,强烈水化的陆壳岩石经历了进变质脱水过程,巨量的地表水带入到>100~200Km的地幔深处,在超高压变质峰期的极端条件下,通过含水超高压变质矿物的分解形成超临界的含水熔体,导致有效的壳-幔物质交换和岩石圈物质分异;(7)苏鲁超高压变质地体在折返阶段形成挤出纳布构造,与岩石圈深俯冲管道流的折返挤出机制有关;(8)提出新的深俯冲-折返动力学模式:陆.陆碰撞的深俯冲剥蚀模式及大陆地壳多重性、分层型和穿时性的俯冲和折返模式. 相似文献
93.
Climate extremes in Loess of China coupled with the strength of deep-water formation in the North Atlantic 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhengtang Guo Tungsheng Liu Nicolas Fedoroff Lanying Wei Zhongli Ding Naiqin Wu Huoyuan Lu Wenying Jiang Zhisheng An 《Global and Planetary Change》1998,18(3-4)
The loess-paleosol sequences of the last 1.2 Ma in China have recorded two kinds of climate extremes: the strongly developed S4, S5-1 and S5-3 soils (corresponding to the marine δ18O stages 11, 13, and 15, respectively) as evidence of three episodes of great warmth and two coarse-grained loess units (L9 and L15, corresponding to the marine δ18O stages 22, 23, 24 and 38, respectively) which indicate severest glacial conditions. The climatic and geographical significance of these events are still unclear, and their cause remains a puzzle.Paleopedological, geochemical and magnetic susceptibility data from three loess sections (Xifeng, Changwu and Weinan) suggest that the S4, S5-1 and S5-3 soils were formed under sub-tropical semi-humid climates with a tentatively estimated mean annual temperature (MAT) of at least 4–6°C higher and a mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 200–300 mm higher than for the present-day, indicating a much strengthened summer monsoon. The annual rainfall was particularly accentuated for the southern-most part of the Loess Plateau, suggesting that the monsoon rain belt (the contact of the monsoonal northward warm-humid air mass with the dry-cold southward one) might have stood at the southern part of the Plateau for a relatively long period each year. The loess units L9 and L15 were deposited under semi-desertic environments with a tentatively estimated MAT and MAP of only about 1.5–3°C and 150–250 mm, indicating a much strengthened winter monsoon, and that the summer monsoon front could rarely penetrate into the Loess Plateau region.Correlation with marine carbon isotope records suggests that these climate extremes have large regional, even global, significance rather than being local phenomena in China. They match the periods with greatest/smallest Atlantic–Pacific δ13C gradients, respectively, indicating their relationships with the strength of Deep Water (NADW) production in the North Atlantic. These results suggest that the monsoon climate in the Loess Plateau region was significantly linked with the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation on timescales of 104 years. 相似文献
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95.
以深部地球物理资料为基础,介绍了天山地震带上地幔的基本结构,讨论了天山不同地区上地幔介质的动力学性质和可能的驱动机制。认为水平挤压形变是造成西天山和天山毗邻西昆仑附近区域上地幔岩石圈缩短和增厚的主要原因;而在中天山和东天山靠近准噶尔盆地南缘一带,除了板块运动造成的水平挤压力之外,上地幔热物质有可能上浮甚至侵入到地壳之中。它们与水平运动一样,对壳内脆性介质的构造活动起到非常重要的作用,特别是地壳底部莫霍面附近的低速滑脱层成为震源区深部构造的一个明显标志。此外,自从印度 亚洲大陆碰撞以来,天山部分地区固结冷却的山根有可能在多重挤压变形和小尺度热对流的共同作用下,脱离它们的原有的层位而沉入上地幔 相似文献
96.
97.
Abstract: From the southernmost part of Jiangsu province to the northeastern part of Jiangxi province, China, the Northeast Jiangxi Deep Fault runs for about 400 km length with a width of 30 to 40 km. This fault marks the suture zone of two ter-ranes of Proterozoic age. At the both sides of the fault, Yanshanian granitic activity is recognized. That is, the Dexing-Wuyuan porphyry belt on the NW side of the fault, and the Damaoshan-Lingshan granite belt on the SE side. The former activity is characterized by the occurrence of small stocks of granodioritic composition, rich in siderophile elements but poor in LIL elements. No distinct Eu anomaly is recognized in the REE pattern, and a low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio is reported. Magnetite, sphene and apatite are observed as accessory minerals. On the contrary, granitic activity on the SE side of the fault is characterized by the occurrence of composite batholiths, in general of granitic to monzogranitic composition, rich in LIL and alkali elements but poor in siderophile and alkali earth elements. A strong Eu anamaly is recognized in the REE pattern, and initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios are as high as 0. 716. Fluorite, zircon and REE minerals are observed as accessory minerals. These two contrasting granitic activities are refered to as syntexis– and transformation–types, respectively, following the classification commonly used in China, and have similar petrochemical characteristics to those defined for the magnetite– and ilmenite–series, and I– and S-type granitoids. Considering that the above igneous activity occurred far from the supposed subduction zone along the East Coast of China, intracontinental A-type (continent to continent) subduction is proposed to have occurred northwestwards along the NE Jiangxi Deep Fault during Yanshanian time due to a strong compressional stress from SE to NW. A-type subduction introduced the continental slab to some depth, and resulted in the production of the paired granitic activity observed on both sides of the fault. Many mineral deposits are associated with both granitic belts. In the Dexing-Wuyuan porphyry belt, the Dexing porphyry Cu and Yinshan polymetallic deposits are representative, whereas in the Damaoshan-Lingshan granite belt, several tens of rare metal deposits are known such as the Geyuan Nb–Ta–W–Sn deposits. Metal assemblages of those deposits reflect the source materials of magmas in both granitic belts. 相似文献
98.
The lithospheric models obtained for the Baltic Shield by using deep seismic soundings are discussed and results from different parts of the shield are compared with models achieved by the investigation of surface waves and of P to S converted waves. The results are found to agree rather well with each other particularly with regard to the first interface (at a depth of 10–15 km) and the whole thickness of the crust (c. 40 km). The macroseismic focal depth determinations of regional earthquakes are correlated with lithospheric structure. The main maximum in the focal depth distributions of Finnish earthquakes occur at a depth of 10–12 km. The geographical distribution of the earthquake epicentres suggests several seismo-active zones in the northern Baltic Shield. One new finding in this field concerns the Lapland zone, which runs in a north-westerly direction. 相似文献
99.
《Marine Policy》2015
Commercial fishing data were used to reconstruct historical spatio-temporal patterns of fishing effort and landings in the bottom longline fishery of the Azores. Key events during an important 15-year period were charted, through fisher interviews together with GIS analysis. While effort distribution varied over time, the prevailing pattern was a shift in focus from eastern to western areas and from shelf/slope to offshore banks and seamounts in response to policy measures (e.g. banning bottom longline inside 3 NM, public aids for modernization of the fleet) and reduced fishing yields. Areas 12–50 NM from shore represented the most vital fishing grounds in terms of fishing effort and production. Declining landings of the major demersal species, in recent years, indicate that present catch levels are not sustainable and further measures need to be taken in order to sustain fisheries resources. Knowledge of fleet behavior and the distribution of fishing effort, particularly in patchy environments, provide valuable insights into the impacts of past management decisions and help predict the outcome of new policies both in this region and elsewhere. 相似文献
100.